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By O. B. Hofstrand

Solid bodies mill float in a liquid by reason of lower specific gravity, or of peculiar form, or of repellent action towards the liquid which prevents them from overcoming the resistance of its surface-tension. To the last of these causes the flotation of ores is to be ascribed. Nearly all ores and gangues are specifically heavier than water, yet they do not behave alike in this respect, and they may be divided into two classes, those of floatable and non-floatable minerals respectively. Upon a close examination of these two groups of minerals we find that those particles that will float on the surface of

Jan 1, 1913

By Thomas L. Kesler

Lithium raw materials usable with present technology consist of pegmatite ore and shallow evaporite brine. Deposits of these materials occur in many parts of the world. Those advantageously located supply the present lithium industry. Less favorably located deposits will come into production as markets expand and present sources are depleted. In this discussion, materials listed as reserves include fully explored and partly explored deposits. For those closely drilled and assayed, the data provide measurements rather than estimates, and such reserve tonnages are "proved." For deposits partly explored, the data support reserve estimates of "probable" tonnages. Materials lacking exploratory data are classed as resources, and their "possible" tonnages are inferred mostly from indirect evidence and are essentially objectives for exploration. All figures for pegmatite ore apply to total materials in the ground.

Jan 3, 1978

By Eugene P. Pfleider

Research indicates that the cube diamond is a superior stone for drill bits. It can be oriented to combine a long cutting edge with structural strength and high resistance to wear. Test bits set with preferred orientation give double the bit life at astoundingly low diamond loss in comparison to oriented octahedral diamonds.

Jan 10, 1953

By S. C. Oliphant, C. R. Houssiere, George H. Fancher

DRILLING mud can be an item of great expense on the Gulf Coast. In order to understand the nature of a drilling mud, it is desirable to know the composition and size of the mineral particles that are present, The supercentrifuge has been adapted to the fractionation of mud, and this paper discusses the calibration and methods of operation and control. An alignment chart has been prepared, which was found useful in this work. Typical data are included, showing the comparative reliability of the method.

Jan 1, 1942

By C. Richard Tinsley, Ta M. Li

Accelerated development of the deep-ocean and continental margin resources may be the ultimate answer to meet rapidly increasing material demands to the year 2000. The mineral-rich oceans that have been described as "vast" and "nearly inexhaustible" have to date remained virtually untapped. Mineral Dependencies Trigger US Interests A lack of known domestic reserves of selected commodities and a climbing mineral trade deficit that reached a record $19 billion in 1974 are two factors that have sustained US interests in deep-ocean and offshore mining over recent years. But the lack of federal leadership in formulating ocean mining policy is said to have significantly discouraged the major capital commitments necessary to develop these resources.

Jan 4, 1975

By William J. Bronkala

Magnetic Separation is a proven means of effectively obtaining purification and/or concentration of mineral products. In addition, magnetic separators are widely used for tramp iron removal in the protection of mineral processing machinery such as crushers, conveyors, mixers, etc. This paper summarizes the various types of magnetic separators available and outlines their basic selection and usage. Current magnetic separator costing is provided for general guidance and estimating.

Jan 1, 1978

By E. C. Pechin

THE Lucy furnace, owned by Messrs. Carnegie, Kloman & Co., and located on the Alleghany River, on the outskirts of Pittsburgh, is a splendid modern furnace, 75 feet high, and 20 feet bosh. She had been working well on low grade ores of about 50 per cent., producing daily 68 to 75 tons. There was on stock 500 tons of Republic ore, one of the purest and best of the Lake Superior ores, averaging over 68 per cent. of iron, which had been procured for the purpose of making a trial for Bessemer iron. This was charged by itself, and Mr. Skelding, the founder, reports that he did not succeed in getting a single cast when it came down, before the furnace chilled from the hearth to the top of the boshes, some 25 feet. Every effort was made to save her, without avail, and the disagree-

Jan 1, 1874

By Robert W. Hunt

No matter how perfectly sectioned or skilfully manufactured the rails used may have been, or with what care the road-bed may he maintained, legitimate results from these important factors cannot be secured unless proper attention is bestowed upon the joint-fastenings. In this country, splice-bars of various patterns furnish the practically universal joint. Other forms have been used, and are now being experimentally tested, but the typical American rail-joint consists of angle-plates or splice-bars. At the same time, it is true that scarcely a railroad engineer is satisfied with his joint. He may consider it the best of which he has knowledge, but at the same time he is well aware of many of its weak points.

Jan 1, 1890

By Cecil Hagen

All of the production for Ecuador during 1940 came from the Santa Elena Peninsula, Province of Guayas; the major portion coming from the Ancon field, which is controlled mostly by Anglo-Ecuadorian Oilfields, Ltd. A small amount was produced from the shallow pumpers and pozos, or oil pits, at Cautivo-Achallan, Carolina, Santa Paula, Concepcion, El Tambo and Mina Tigre. Considerable exploration was carried on in the country during 1940 and numerous concessions were in force, as shown by the accompanyiag map. Anglo-Saxon continued its exploratory work in the Oriente by surface geological methods and some geophysical surveys. It is understood that this concern did considerable airplane mapping. International Petroleum, on its large concessions between the Andes and Pacific Coast, did considerable surface work as well as some geophysical. No exploratory test wells were drilled by either of these

Jan 1, 1941

Illinois State Geological Survey, 305 Ceramics bldg, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill M M Leighton, Chief A catalogue of the publications on the geology and mines of Illinois has recently been issued and will be sent upon request This index is a complete reference on the coal, coal fields and geology of the state and lists (with prices) the great number of Bulletins, Reports of Investigations, Press Bulletins, Monographs and the Educational Series of the state Geological Survey as well as publications of other agencies pertaining to the same subjects Of the several series offered by the state Geological Survey, probably the Bulletins are of most general interest A number of those available deal with the geology and geography or mineral

Jan 1, 1933

By R. R. Odman, O. N. Lofgren

At the planning stage for this plant it was scheduled that the plant operate at a low energy consumption. After start up in 1973 it was established that outcome was even better than the forecast. In view of the 1977 ore market it was decided to operate the plant at half capacity. This initiated efforts to reoptimize the process in order to hold back expected increase in energy consumption. The result from this work proves that a detailed study and tuning of the process can not only avoid expected increase, but also reduce specific energy consumption.

Jan 1, 1983

The Mexican Government is building a mill at Churunibave in Sonora to handle lead, zinc, and copper ores. This development was sparked by increased mining activity in Mexico and Arizona caused by the Korean war. Pickands Mather, acting for a group of iron ore producers, is negotiating an agreement with Steep Rock Iron Mines, Ltd. to explore and perhaps lease iron ore property covering more than 1000 acres in the Steep Rock Lake area in Western Ontario. Plans call for the early commencement of an exploratory program. Other members of the group by Pickands Mather are Bethlehem Steel, Youngstown Sheet & Tube, the Steel Co. of Canada, and Interlake Iron Corp.

Jan 3, 1951

By J. M. de la Garza Cardenas

Mexico's total oil production in 1943 amounted to 35,149,843 bbl. and in 1944 to 38,196,818 bbl., both being substantially larger than in 1942, when production was only 34,71j1547 bbl. Daily average figures are as follows: 95,111 bbl. in 1942; 96,301, bbl. in 1943; and 104,363 bbl. in 1944. The increase of 8062 bbl. in daily output from 1943 to 1944 was due to more refinery Tuns and an expanded volume in exports of refined products, although the export of crude oil decreased somewhat. The increase affected mainly the southern Tampico district (Golden Lane), which in Deccmber

Jan 1, 1945

By R. H. Sayre

.... The subject is one of great interest in every point of view to railroad managers and steel-rail makers. It has occurred to me that if in this connection your society would take up the matter of the shape or section of steel rails and the form of joint, and be able to arrive at such form for difEerent weight of rails as you could recommend to the railroa~ls of tbis country with a view of obtaining uniformity, it would be, in caseof adoption, of great value both to the railroads and makers of wils. My idea is that if botb your society and that of the civil engineers ahould join in the adoption of templates and their recoalmendation, it would be more likely tb have the desired effect. Youm truly, Robert H. Sayre..

Jan 1, 1881

By M. F. Werneke, J. A. Jones

Abstract- The use of a unique class of sulfhydryl collectors, the monoalkyldithiocarbamate salts ([RNHCS]) as direct collectors for malachite and azurite is presented. Microflotation and laboratory scale flotation tests were performed to define the collector properties of these reagents under a variety of flotation conditions. On the basis of the results, it is proposed that some property of the amine-hydrogen atom in the reagent has a significant influence on the unusual activity of these collectors for oxide copper minerals.

Jan 1, 1978

By W. E. Lamont, G. V. Sullivan

As part of its program to conserve domestic mineral resources through advancing mineral resources technology, the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, conducted investigations to determine the feasibility of recovering high-grade barite concentrates, suitable for use as well-drilling mud, from current and old waste pond materials and materials bypassed in present mining operations. Flotation studies of waste pond samples from Missouri and Nevada yielded barite concentrates containing over 95% Bas04 with recoveries of 86% and 96%, respectively, of the barite in the flotation feed. Flotation studies of a hard-rock sample from Georgia, currently bypassed in mining, yielded a barite concentrate containing 97% Bas04 with an attendant recovery of97% of the barite.

Jan 1, 1982

[RALPH ADAIR Ore Dressing Consultant Bull Mtn. Rd., Asheville, N. C. Phone 4-1693 JAMES A. BARR Consulting Engineer Mt. Pleasant, Tennessee Washington, D.C. BEHRE DOLBEAR & COMPANY Consulting Mining Engineers and Geologists 11 Broadway New York 4, N. Y. I. R. BERENT Engineering Consultants and Contractors Mineral Exploration, Mine Evaluation, Mine Designs, and Mine Management 156, Ataturk Bulvari-Ankara, Turkey BLANDFORD C. BURGESS Registered Professional Engineer Mining Consultant Monticello, Georgia GLENVILLE A. COLLINS Mining Engineer Uranium examinations Cable "Coins" 210 La Arcada Bldg. Santa Barbara, Calif.]

Jan 1, 1952

Engineering Council has been elected to membership in the Chamber of Commerce of the United States. Its representative will be Mr. Harold W. Buck, of Viele, Blackwell & Buck, Consulting Engineers, New York City, Past-president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, his alternate being Mr. Irving E. Moultrop, of the Edison Electric Illum-inating Co., Boston, member of American Society of Mechanical Engin-eers and American Institute of Electrical Engineers. The Chamber of Commerce of the United States was formed in 1912 and now consists of more than 1100 organizations in every state of the union, in the out-lying possessions, and of all the principal American chambers of commerce abroad. One of the chief aims is to obtain the best business thought on national questions that concern business. Members of the National Chamber have the privilege of using all the facilities of the Chamber's offices in Washington when information is desired.

Jan 12, 1919

By Thomas F. McLoughlin, David K. Hylbert

A new method of satellite imagery analysis has been developed during underground mine roof research. Landsat positive film transparencies were projected onto topographic base maps to scale and lineaments enhanced with a Ronchi grating (method A). Thirty-five millimeter slides of video-enhanced scenes were also projected onto base maps (method B). Both methods permit direct plotting of lineaments to scale and direct correlation with surface and subsurface data wing transparent overlays.

Jan 1, 1981