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By Lis Nunes Soares

A Vallourec Tubos do Brasil é uma siderúrgica integrada com produção de tubos de aço sem costura. A qualidade e o acabamento superficial dos tubos estão diretamente relacionados com o processo de laminação pelo qual eles passam. Um fator extremamente importante para um bom processo de laminação é uma boa lubrificação da peça de laminação, o mandril. Durante o processo de laminação, o mandril passa por várias etapas além da lubrificação, incluindo etapas de aquecimento e resfriamento, que se repetem em ciclos de laminação. Um dos principais parâmetros do processo de produção que influenciam a lubrificação do mandril é justamente o perfil térmico e a temperatura superficial do mesmo. O perfil térmico do mandril afeta a aderência do lubrificante em sua superfície. Visando a melhor compreensão do processo, esse trabalho tem como objetivo propor um modelo matemático em diferenças finitas que descreva a evolução do perfil térmico do mandril durante o processo de laminação de tubos sem costura. O mesmo modelo matemático é validado através de engenharia reversa. A proposta do modelo matemático é ser usado na análise de possíveis métodos de pré-aquecimento de mandris antes da lubrificação, diminuindo ou eliminando assim possível sucateamento de peças e paradas da linha de produção por esse motivo.

Jul 31, 2018

By Alexandre Rodizio Bento

Os acidentes de trabalho estão cada vez mais presentes em indústrias de vários segmentos, inclusive no setor automotivo. Devido ao trabalho no chão de fábrica deste setor utilizar interferência humana em alguns processos e operações, onde o trabalhador compartilha o ambiente produtivo com máquinas automatizadas. Estas máquinas podem causar graves lesões temporárias ou permanentes no trabalhador, podendo chegar até a morte. Neste cenário, este trabalho apresenta um estudo da implantação da pirâmide de Heinrich como forma de informar e prevenir acidentes na indústria automotiva. É detalhado o processo de implantação da pirâmide na linha de produção. Esta implantação contribui na prevenção de acidentes, gera alertas de possíveis riscos, comportamentos inseguros e incidentes. Os resultados desta implementação acabam aumentando a segurança no ambiente de trabalho, reduz custo com acidentes dentro da indústria, que permite investir cada vez mais em métodos para prevenir e gerar um ambiente de trabalho livre de acidentes no setor automotivo.

Aug 8, 2018

By Ruediger Holz, Tommaso Settimo, Luciano Vignolo

Optimized CAPEX, OPEX, new products, yield and product quality in new process equipment as well as by upgrading of existing facilities are the key factors for success and profitable operation. For this, innovation in processes and design is crucial. Danieli can support their clients by offering innovative and well-thought-out process equipment and upgrade solutions. In 2018, Danieli has put into operation a complete cold processing complex in Turkey, which includes a new continuous pickling tandem mill featuring latest generation of market oriented technologies. In this line, dedicated to run a broad range of size and grades (IF to AHSS as DP1000), the highly efficient Turboflow® pickling process was selected. This technology already proved its efficiency and ability in former applications handling ultra-thin gauges at speeds even exceeding 400 m/min in the pickling tanks. The 5-stand 6-high OSRT tandem mill features important developments, like actuators to improve significantly strip flatness and a special air knife arrangement on the tandem mill exit side to generate perfect strip surface cleanliness. In galvanizing lines, the zinc pot is the most effective area to reduce costs in operation and consumables and increase the product quality. Danieli has spent significant efforts in developing most advanced technology for the wiping process. A fully integrated system solution has been designed to perform a wiping process with high quality, economy, accuracy and productivity. Center part is the newly developed X-Jet / Compact X-Jet air knife, added by new generation electromagnetic stabilizer as well as robotic systems to reduce human intervention and health risks in this area. This technological package is ideal also for upgrade of existing lines, typically generating a return of investment less than 1 year. On top, Danieli has developed advanced automation systems including L2 and L1 controls to achieve outstanding product performances.

Oct 1, 2019

By Luca Tommasi

Danieli complemented its wide range of production plants for the iron and steel industry with a further step upstream into iron ore pelletizing and beneficiation. Danieli has engineered and constructed a state of the art and fully automated pilot plant facility – pot grate and sinter box – at Altos Hornos de Mexico S.A. (AHMSA) Pelletizing Plant, Monclova, Mexico. Installation and commissioning were completed in October 2009. Key features of the pot grate include the avoidance of the need for operator intervention during the test, automatic system preheat, absence of dead time, heat recuperation system with an air/air heat exchanger, oxygen control in preheating and firing with zirconia oxygen analyzer, possibility to test deep beds up to 625 mm. A series of projects have been accomplished by AHMSA availing of the pot grate facility with the aim to enhance pellet plant productivity and to reduce operating costs. The results obtained by use of Danieli pot grate combined with the experience and skill of plant operators has shown significant technical and economical benefits thus fully justifying the initial investment made by AHMSA and confirming the importance of having an in-house testing facility in order to optimize industrial plant operations.

Aug 16, 2017

By Maurizio Massimo

Danieli developed the “3Q” suite of process control technologies to address three critical principles: delivering the highest product Quality, in the required Quantity, with Quickness of response required for today’s casting machines. Ever increasing market demands for productivity and slab quality necessitate the latest advances/improvements in equipment design, process technology, and control software for all types of slab casters, and Danieli boasts a unique experience that extends from ultra high-speed thin slab casters to extra high-thickness conventional slab casters. The “3Q” system is monitored and controlled by a unique, intelligent HMI incorporating. Touch screen technology and Operator Assistant tablets. Operator Assistant is a tablet based system that guides the operator through the plant process, so that in the event of a process change or an alarm the operator is automatically presented with the choice of possible solutions / actions. The comprehensive range of technological packages cover all aspects of caster design and automation control, from feeding of liquid steel into the tundish to the final slab leaving the caster.

Aug 17, 2017

By Uwe Wilhelm

Pittini Group has contracted Danieli in 2011 for the supply and replacement of the existing EAF at Ferriere Nord Plant in Osoppo. This was a very challenging project: giving the fact that the Meltshop was operating already under very high performance level, there were many elements involved for the project to improve (reduce the amount of charges, promote highest possible chemical energy utilization, allow best optimization on existing transformer power, modification on Drop Out box and Water Cooled Duct, Hydraulic System for EAF, Scrap Bucket design to fit to new EAF with existing loading and transport system, Automation System Review and Upgrade) as well as limitations of the existing installation (limited space, lifting capacity building and cranes and the required solutions for fast shell and roof exchange). All furnace parts, as well as installation engineering, were developed and discussed carefully with the Customer to either provide proven and reliable concepts, but also to define solutions for fast installation/maintenance access and quick exchange for offline turnaround. In the end, from disassembly of existing equipment up to the first heat of the new furnace, only 38 days were necessary. First heat was made on January 24th 2013, on the 6th production day 32 heats where produced at nominal design capacity and 28 days after start up 100,000 t liquid steel have already been produced.

Jul 30, 2018

By Andrea Donadon

This article introduces the Danieli Total Asset Management System, which involves 360 degrees service methods and equipment. Danieli Condition Monitoring System and Danieli Torque Monitoring System are fundamental to evaluate the conditions of the working components in heavy duty transmissions. The first one monitors the vibrations and the lubrication fluid conditions with the purpose to identify the presence of malfunctions, by detecting any variation of the signals from the standard values. The second one monitors the transmitted torque for each spindle and gearbox, with the aim of detecting any anomaly in torque distribution and magnitude, and evaluating the residual life of the mechanical parts, on the base of a dedicated fatigue damage algorithm. All these features are useful in avoiding serious damages to machines, facilities and people, but allow also planning the maintenance and overhaul activities with efficiency, in order to achieve the best plant availability and reliability. The data analysis is made by the IntelliCMS software, which interfaces with plant and Danieli operators and includes the possibility to cooperate by remote connections, simplifying service activities and support. All these features allow providing new full service programs, where the client is totally supported in maintenance, overhauls and substitutions. This is the best way to ensure the most efficient, high quality and reliable after sales assistance.

Aug 16, 2017

By Alessandro Pigani

Over the last 25 years the thin slab casting and rolling process has been gaining a major market share in the production of hot rolled strip, progressively eroding the areas previously of exclusive domain of conventional mills. This is mainly thanks to the competitiveness of the process over conventional ones, and to the growing ability of this technology to cover the majority of market niches, well beyond the boundaries of the commodity market. After having significantly contributed to the continuous expansion of this production mode and after an extensive campaign of theoretical research and physical testing in reference plants, Danieli has progressively developed over the years a new generation of thin slab casting and rolling layout, marking a new phase in the evolution of this process. The new step-ahead is epitomized by the name QSP-DUE. This configuration belongs to the Quality Strip Production (QSP) family, which is Danieli’s strip-quality-oriented thin slab based plants. The innovative features of the process are embodied in the acronym DUE, which stands for Danieli Universal Endless (Danieli patented technology – US patent n. 8087449, January 3rd, 2012). What makes this new concept different is the ability of “universal” rolling modes thanks to the fact that, now, within one single plant it is possible to perform coil-to-coil, semi-endless and endless rolling modes, making this plant a major technology innovation compared to the previous generation.

Aug 16, 2017

By Nicola Santangelo

The current economic crisis and growing environmental issues have led the steel industry to face the simultaneous effects of low demand and production overcapacity in a globalized steel market, whilst confronting high energy prices and the need to comply with the green economy. Heat Recovery from waste gas of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) represents one of the greatest opportunities to reduce the consumption of primary energy and reduce the CO2 emissions in steel industry. The heat of the off-gas, if recovered and converted into electrical power, can make the whole Fumes Treatment Plant autonomous from the electric point of view, thus making it a “Zero-Energy FTP”. The concept is to substitute the Cooling Components (Water Cooled Panels and Air Cooler) are substituted with Heat Recovery Components (Hot Water Cooled Panels and Heat Exchanger). The recovered heat can be converted into power by using an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbine. The heat recovered by the HWCP and the Heat Exchanger is characterized by a variable thermal power, which affects the efficiency of the downstream ORC System. Danieli, in collaboration with the University of Udine, has developed the Thermal Stabilizer Unit (TSU). Danieli has realized the first step towards Zero Energy FTP at ABS steelmaking plant (Italy) by installing a CHR® - Clean Heat Recovery. This plant has been started up on 17th October 2014. The HMI of the CHR® is integrated in the HMI of the furnace, so all the process could be kept under control by the furnace operator. At ABS recovered thermal power reaches 5.5 MW. The max power production reached with CHR plant in ABS (over 1MW of electric power) consents an annual saving of approx. 500,000 EUR.

Aug 16, 2017

By Márcio Aurélio dos Santos

A Automação Industrial utiliza de forma intensiva os mesmos equipamentos e softwares de TI como servidores, historiadores, switches, firewall, dentre outros. No entanto, são poucas as áreas de automação que aplicam de forma eficaz todos os controles e cuidados que esses ativos requerem. Neste cenário, a garantia de altos níveis de disponibilidade dos sistemas de automação inicia-se pelo ambiente físico no qual tais sistemas estão instalados. É comum a improvisação de ambientes inadequados dentro das áreas industriais ou a instalação em subestações elétricas que não foram construídas com o rigor necessário para receber os ativos de TI Industrial utilizados nos sistemas automação. A solução para manter elevados os índices de disponibilidade destes ativos é, sem dúvida, instalá-los em Data Centers, comumente utilizados nas áreas de TI, o que é facilmente justificável pelo fato de que a indisponibilidade dos ativos de automação representa um impacto maior aos resultados das indústrias ao se comparar com a indisponibilidade dos ativos de “TI Corporativa”. Assim, este trabalho conceitua um ambiente de Data Center, discute as particularidades relacionadas à Automação Industrial (projetos de cabeamento estruturado e as interligações entre os níveis 1 e 2 de Automação) e apresenta as estratégias que a Samarco Mineração está adotando com relação ao tema.

Jul 30, 2018

By Aaron Samuel Young, Hiago Antunes Amador de Oliveira, William Pratt Rogers

Low commodity prices and lack of new high-grade deposits are pushing the mining industry for innovation. Lean mining has been vastly discussed in the past decades as a way to continuously improve mining efficiency. Although very theoretical, lean mining presents a set of new solutions enabled by the digital transformation that the mining industry is going through. This paper proposes a framework for a short interval control system with the purpose to allow timely responses by front line supervisors upon operational deviations. In the first part, the author briefly reviews concepts of short-range planning and lean mining. Then, the materials and methods used for the development of the short interval control system are discussed. Finally, alpha trial results are presented, and next steps discussed.

Oct 3, 2019

By Tiago Seixas Bittencourt

Technological developments, associated with the constant worry about the environmental impacts arising from industrial activity, it has driven the development of technologies and practices for efficient fumes and particulates capture arising from the manufacturing processes of steel in steel plants in general. Currently, the electric steelshops in operation with Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF), seek parameterize/design dedusting systems able to retain most of the particulates generated during melting and refining of steel in FEA through configurations of equipment, technologies and parameters operation in order to equalize the antagonistic relationship between effective fumes capture and energy balance of the EAF. The present work gets as a fundamental premise to evaluate critically the possible different settings of the usual dust removal systems, as well as their respective classical parameterizations. The work main purpose is to establish a general rule evaluation technique for dedusting system considering the different modes of operation of an Electric Arc Furnace.

Jul 30, 2018

By Márcio Corrêa de Carvalho

Welded deposited chromium carbide overlay’s has been widely used in various branches of welding overlay’s industry related to wear. Characterization techniques are an important tool in the development of chromium carbide overlays resistant to wear, enabling the identification of phases, constituents and defects. In this work one used optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy on chromium carbide overlay’s deposited by submerged arc welding process. The characterization techniques identified precisely the elements of the overlay’s enabling point of the main cause of the observed defects such as cracks, porosity and clusters of particles known in the industry as " rice crispy" .

Aug 16, 2017

By Estevesson Ferreira Miqueletti

Neste trabalho, tiras de cobre foram laminadas para se obter tubos aletados. As variáveis importantes ao sucesso do projeto foram: a) a temperatura de tratamento térmico e b) a largura da tira. Tiras largas resultaram em pouca união, levando a escolha de tiras menos largas. Temperaturas altas também resultaram em baixa união. A melhor condição foi tiras de 100 mm de largura e 500°C de tratamento térmico.

Aug 16, 2017

By Fábio de Oliveira Braga

A descoberta de óleo e gás no Pré-Sal transformou o Brasil em um dos grandes possuidores de reservas de petróleo no mundo e aumentou as expectativas de produção em águas profundas. Apesar da euforia, alguns desafios têm o potencial de inviabilizar a exploração do Pré-Sal: a complexa logística offshore, as dificuldades de acesso ao reservatório, as condições físico-químicas do poço e de subsuperfície. As condições impostas pelo ambiente são relevantes, devido aos altos teores de contaminantes, alta temperatura e pressão, que exigem materiais de alto desempenho. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar os avanços que podem contribuir para superar as condições físico-químicas do Pré-Sal. Verificou-se que a solução deste problema pode envolver três tipos de abordagem: O desenvolvimento de ligas resistentes à corrosão (LRC), a adição de agentes modificadores do meio corrosivo (inibidores) e modificações no projeto dos equipamentos. Espera-se, portanto, que a utilização conjunta das diferentes abordagens proporcione a viabilidade de longo prazo da produção no Pré-Sal.

Aug 17, 2017

By Luís Marcelo Marques Tavares

Pelotas de minério de ferro representam uma parcela significativa do mercado transoceânico de minério de ferro, contando com uma participação importante de empresas brasileiras. Pelotas concorrem favoravelmente com granulados e sínteres de minério de ferro na carga metálica de fornos, em particular devido à sua elevada resistência à degradação durante o manuseio e transporte. Entretanto, pelotas ainda sofrem desse problema, que resulta na geração de finos, removidos previamente à alimentação do forno, ou de cacos, que podem resultar no aparecimento de clusters em fornos de redução direta. Esses efeitos danosos da degradação podem ser minimizados caso uma metodologia adequada de caracterização de pelotas e de simulação do processo de manuseio se encontrasse disponível. O presente trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de metodologia inédita e inovadora para previsão de resultados de degradação de pelotas, desde a usina pelotizadora até o pátio ou forno do cliente, desenvolvido como parte da parceria entre o Laboratório de Tecnologia Mineral da COPPE/UFRJ e a Samarco Mineração. O trabalho mostra ainda uma validação preliminar a partir de um ensaio de quedas múltiplas em laboratório, mostrando ótima aderência. Um simulador do processo foi desenvolvido, o qual permite inserir as características das pelotas produzidas, bem como o fluxograma de manuseio, permitindo prever a intensidade da degradação.

Aug 16, 2017

By Luís Marcelo Marques Tavares

Conforme apresentado na parte 1 do artigo, uma metodologia inédita de previsão de resultados de degradação mecânica de pelotas, desde a usina pelotizadora até o pátio ou forno do cliente, foi proposta, resultando no desenvolvimento de um simulador do processo, o qual permite inserir as características das pelotas produzidas, bem como o fluxograma de manuseio. A fim de demonstrar a utilidade já encontrada pela Samarco na aplicação do simulador, três estudos de casos foram apresentados: no estabelecimento, junto a um cliente, da faixa de tamanhos ótima das pelotas a serem fornecidas, que permitiu o aumento da sua resistência à degradação, minimizando os custos de produção; no auxílio à tomada de decisão em um projeto de expansão na instalação portuária em Ponta Ubú. O último estudo de caso tratou do apoio aos esforços de um cliente situado no Oriente Médio na identificação e tomada de decisão sobre ações que poderiam minimizar a degradação dentro de suas instalações.

Aug 16, 2017

By Wen Xuan

Oolitic iron ores have significant economical importance because of their extensive resources in the world. However, their utilisation is often quite limited due to the high content of phosphorus inside. The phosphorus is often finely disseminated in the oolite structure and generally not liberated in the form of free particles. The iron ore used in this work is a typical oolitic goethitic iron ore with high phosphorus. The process of phosphorus removal from this ore is difficult because the phosphorus is not present as distinct minerals. As a result, no physical beneficiation process is able to separate the phosphorus from the iron bearing phases. The current concentrate contains low iron grade (Fe ~49%) and high phosphorus content (P 0.7~0.8%). The acid leaching is a potential way to dissolve phosphorus. Previous studies have shown that the thermal treatment makes the phosphorus more accessible for the acids and enables more efficient phosphorus dissolution. Some chemical additives are reported to enhance this phenomenon. A series of tests have been carried out using roasting - grinding - magnetic separation - leaching technologies to remove the phosphorus from this current concentrate. In the first stage, several tests were performed at pilot scale under the same conditions as described in some publications. The achieved results were similar to those from previous tests at laboratory scale. In the second stage, new test conditions were investigated in laboratory scale in order to achieve better result and to reduce the operational cost.

Aug 1, 2018

By Emerson Sena Balbino, Emylle Alves Leitão, Gabriel Arthur Guieiro, Lucas van Melis

The deployment of autonomous haulage system causes several impacts in mining production chain, being necessary an appropriate change management policy, crucial to observe and gather all the benefits brought by the technology. The change management is also necessary to guarantee the adaptability of the organization in the long term. This paper briefly presents the technology deployed in the autonomous trucks at Vale's iron ore Brucutu mine, the changes that the operation team faces in the adoption of autonomous technology and the required training path to develop new procedures to deal with the sensitivity of the autonomous haulage system, besides the new operational dynamics from a process point of view, with safer, more consistent and more productive operations.

Oct 3, 2019

By Douglas Valentim Fernandes Neves

O aço inoxidável austenítico 316 (316 SS) é um dos materiais metálicos mais utilizados em aplicações médicas devido à combinação de propriedades mecânicas e do baixo custo. No entanto, desgaste e corrosão estimulam mudanças permanentes no tecido humano que podem levar à perda do implante. O desenvolvimento de recobrimentos biocompatíveis e estáveis, que apresentem propriedades mecânicas adequadas, e que não sofram ruptura ou delaminação durante o uso, é uma solução muito promissora para melhorar o desempenho do 316 SS como biomaterial para implantes. Neste trabalho, uma liga intermetálica FeAlCr, que tem apresentado propriedades adequadas para a aplicação como biomaterial, foi utilizada como recobrimento sobre um aço inoxidável 316 de grau médico. O revestimento foi obtido utilizando-se a técnica magnetron sputtering por corrente contínua. Os parâmetros de deposição, como distância substrato - alvo e pressão de gás argônio foram mantidos fixos em 50 mm e 5 mTorr, respectivamente. As amostras foram preparadas com os seguintes valores de potência de sputtering: 50 W, 75W, 100 W e 150 W. A adesão dos filmes foi analisada por teste de scratch, enquanto a espessura e a taxa de deposição foram analisadas por perfilometria ótica. As características estruturais foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura com EDS.

Aug 8, 2018