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By David Bendersky

The principal objectives of this study are to: (1) survey electrical practices in metal and non-metal mines, (2) survey electrical practices in metal and non-metal mills, (3) clarify the federal regulations governing electrical practices in metal and non-metal mines/mills, (4) analyze electrical accidents, and (5) make recommendations aimed at improvement of the safety of electrical practices in metal and non-metal mines. Information was obtained from literature searches, accident reports, visits to 27 mines and 12 mills, and discussions with knowledgeable industry and government people. The various electrical power systems and practices at the mines and mills visited are described. Similarities and differences based on the type of mining and the minerals being mined or milled are presented. The federal regulations governing metal/non-metal mine/mill electrical practices (Code of Federal Regulations, Title 30, Sections 55.12, 56.12, and 57.12) are presented and discussed. Explanations of each regulation are provided in an appendix. The attitudes of mine/mill operators towards the federal regulations are described. An analysis of the electrical accidents in metal/non-metal mines and mills during the period 1972-1978 is presented. Recommendations, including specific research and development activities, aimed at improvement of electrical safety in metal/non-metal mines are submitted.

Jan 1, 1980

According to reports in August, Botswana RST's copper- nickel-cobalt smelter at Selebi-Pikwe produced 7 percent above the rated capacity of about 3,500 metric tons of matte per month. This record production occurred after 2 years of plant production difficulties and was brought about by a new management team. A shutdown for furnace maintenance had been planned for this year, but was postponed because of the improvements in production and operations. However, the mining operation continued to face problems relating to higher costs and some outstanding claims. COPPER: Effective December 1, ASARCO, Inc. and Phelps Dodge Corp. reduced their domestic copper prices by 54 per pound. Within a period of 3 days, a11 other producers (Kennecott Copper Corp., Newmont Mining Corp., Cities Service Co. , Copper Range Co. , Duval Corp., and Inspiration Consolidated Copper Go. ) had either lowered or discounted their market postings by 5¢ to 65.625¢ per pound on electrolytic wirebar and 65$ on cathode plate. Between November 29 and December 3, New York merchants decreased wirebar quotations by 1.8¢-2¢ to within a range of 57.8¢-58¢ per pound. New York Commodity Exchange (COMEX) spot-contracted copper in the week was priced at 57. 1¢ on Monday, 56.7¢ on Wednesday and Thursday, and 57.4¢ on Friday, resulting in a 5-day average of 56.9¢, London Metal Exchange (LME) cash (prompt) wirebar averaged 56.3¢ last week, opening Monday at 56.6¢, falling from Tuesday?s high of 57.2¢ to Wednesday?s low of 55.6¢ and closing Friday at 56.1¢. Foreign producers, guided by LME market transactions, lowered wirebar quotes to 56¢ per pound. Copper stocks as of December 3 totaled 187,702 short tons at COMEX warehouses and 654,573 tons at LME depositories, compared to 97,413 and 537,481 tons, respectively, for the corresponding 1975 period.

Jan 1, 1976

By Alana Pereira Ramos

O efeito de memória de forma tem como principal objetivo a recuperação da forma por meio de aquecimento acima das temperaturas críticas de transformação. Fitas da liga Ti43,5Cu37,8Ni18,7 foram preparadas através do processo melt spinnig com velocidade da roda de 21 m/s e 63 m/s. As fitas foram tratadas termicamente numa temperatura de 700°C por 15 minutos em forno e resfriadas ao ar. A caracterização das fitas foi feita por calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC) e análise por difração de raios X (DRX). Foi observado que com uma menor velocidade de rotação da roda (21 m/s) a fita apresentou-se totalmente cristalina, e quando aumentou-se a velocidade linear da roda para 63 m/s a fita apresentou-se completamente amorfa. Após o tratamento térmico todas as fitas apresentaram as transformações martensíticas e auteníticas. Observou-se que a velocidade da roda tem grande influência nas temperaturas de transformação, chegando à variação de aproximadamente 7°C. O tratamento térmico remove todos os defeitos produzidos pelo processo de solidificação rápida e produz um rápido crescimento de grão, favorecendo ao aumento das temperaturas de transformação.

Aug 8, 2018

By Juan Manuel Candia Vargas

"El siguiente trabajo refiere los métodos de explotación empleados en la mina San Antonio de Esquilache por la Compañía de Minas del Perú, considerando previamente los métodos de preparación y desarrollo empleados. Para ello, se describen primero las labores de acceso, constituídas por los socavones de cortada, siendo el más utilizado el ""Farrallón"" que conduce el relleno a los parajes y la explotación de los minerales explotados, mientras que el ""Hardy"" se encarga de la extracción del mineral. Luego están las labores de desarrollo, comprendidas por las galerías y chimeneas sobre veta, donde las primeras son proyectadas a una diferencia de nivel que varía de 30 a 40 metros y a una distancia fija de 30 metros las segundas. La preparación de los tajeos se inicia con el ""desquinche"" de las galerías, al tiempo que se coloca la enmaderación. Por último, se da la explotación por corte y relleno en el que este último está completo antes del rajo."

Jul 20, 1955

By B. J. Moore

This publication contains routine analyses and related source data for 278 natural gas samples from 14 States. All of the samples were collected during calendar year 1973 as part of a continuous survey of the free world for occurrences of helium in natural gas. This survey has been conducted in the United States by the Bureau of Mines since 1917. In late 1965, the survey was expanded to include foreign gasfields. The analyses published herein were made by mass spectrometer and a special helium analysis apparatus, which are described in Bureau of Mines Bulletins 4862 and 576.3 Fifteen previous publications have presented the results of 10,201 gas analyses prior to 1973. The first three, Bulletins 486,4 576,6 and 617,6 contain analyses and related source data on 5,218 gas samples collected from 1917 through 1960. The other 12 publications,7 which were issued as information circulars, supplement the three bulletins and contain 4,983 analyses of samples collected since 1960. This publication is the 13th publication supplementing the three bulletins.

Jan 1, 1974

By L. H. Harrison

In coal mines equipped with electrically driven mechanical mining equipment, the problem of protection for electrical circuits and machinery important, because the hazards of fires and explosions resulting from electrical failures is greater than in most other industries. There is need for better methods and improved protective devices for this service. Studies and tests designed to determine possible value of the short-circuiting contactor as an electrical device for coal mine service were investigated. Preliminary made to determine the operating characteristics of the device, after which tests were made under actual service in three coal mines. Ordinarily, electrical protection in coal mines is divided into three classes, as follows: 1. Overload protection that is intended to protect against damage from overheating and excessive mechanical strain due to overloading. 2. Short-circuit protection that provides a means of de-energizing the equipment instantly when an accidental short circuit occurs in the equipment or on the power system. Short cm protection tends to damage from fires and, explosions resulting in the dissipation of large amounts of electrical energy in a short circuit. 3. Ground fault protection that, in its various forms, is intended, to maintain the frames of electrical equipment at or near the same potential surfaces in contact with the earth for the purpose of safe-guarding human life.

Jan 1, 1951

By M. D. Cooper

IN spite of the uncertainty in the bituminous coal industry during 1933, progress worth recording has been made. Along with other industries, coal has felt the effects of business stagnation, but even in the worst weeks of the past four years, .the total production of bituminous coal in the United States was seldom less than half the production in some of the best weeks of the more prosperous years, a record better than that of many industries. However, the competition of other fuels and sources of power, together with the increased efficiency in the use of coal, has brought anxiety to producers. This has resulted in pressure for reduction of costs, not always by the wisest means. On the other hand, the effort to survive has directed increasing interest toward research, a wholesome development in a difficult situation. Wages, limitation of hours of labor, and the NRA have occupied much time and thought. Following a period .of wage cutting paralleling price cutting, the industry found itself rather suddenly faced by the President's Agreement, followed in due course by the Code, and then in many places by the agreement with the United Mine Workers. Although there is still some uncertainty in regard to the detailed working out of the new arrangements, there seems to be an honest endeavor by the signatories to the Code and Agreement to work them out in a straightforward manner.

Jan 1, 1934

By Adriano Soares, Dennis Mercado, Danilo Zuasnábar

En el 2017, Nexa registró 7 accidentes en todo el mundo, de los cuales 4 sucedieron en el Complejo Pasco. Para contrarrestar la situación en dicho complejo, se implementó el Programa de Preveneción de Fatalidades como estrategia principal. Este programa tiene como premisas reforzar las barreras de protección, aumentar el involucramiento del liderazgo, enfocar los esfuerzos y herramientas de control para la prevención de fatalidades, aumentar la visibilidad para peligros, riesgos y controles específicos, así como reforzar la idea de que la seguridad no es ausencia de accidentes, sino presencia de controles. Como resultado, se logró reducir a 0 las fatalidades y el TIN (tasa interna Nexa) disminuyó de 34.4 a 2.43.

Sep 20, 2019

By César Augusto Martín Hilser Vicuña

El "Punto de fluencia” es el contenido de humedad crítico a partir del cual un mineral concentrado sufre “liquefacción”, es decir, libera la humedad como agua libre al ser sometido a las sacudidas propias de una travesía por mar. En esta perspectiva, el presente texto correlaciona la influencia que tiene el proceso de producción de los concentrados en el punto de fluencia a través de los siguientes factores: granulometría, efecto de los reactivos de flotación y la mineralogía. De forma que al conocer los factores que influyen notablemente en el valor de la humedad límite de transporte, se evita los riesgos de que la carga sufra licuefacción durante su transporte por mar.

Sep 14, 2009

By Gabriel Gonçalves Pessoa de Castro

O trabalho teve por objetivo produzir uma liga Al AA1070 com microestrutura ultrafina via prensagem por canais equiangulares. O processo empregou a rota C com 2 passes consecutivos a frio e acumulou uma deformação ?2 = 2,38. O material de partida é proveniente de um processo de laminação a quente na qual a microestrutura resultante era composta de grãos grosseiros com tamanho de grão de 14,5 ± 19,1 ?m e dureza de 31,1 ± 1,9 Vickers. Foi realizada a caracterização microestrutural com o auxílio das técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e de difração de elétrons retroespalhados. O comportamento mecânico das amostras foi avaliado por ensaios de dureza Vickers, a fim de se determinar a energia armazenada durante os passes. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o material de partida apresentou estrutura parcialmente recristalizada, decorrente do processo termomecânico de laminação. A deformação cisalhante severa que ocorre na interseção entre os canais durante o processamento via ECAP permitiu um intenso refinamento de grãos. O tamanho de grão após o 2° passe foi da ordem de 1,6 ± 1,7 µm. A dureza após o 1° passe quase dobrou em relação ao material de partida, mas praticamente se manteve no passe seguinte, sugerindo uma possível estabilidade. Pode-se concluir que ocorreu um considerável refinamento do tamanho de grão em função da elevada fragmentação e rotação da subestrutura após os passes de deformação.

Aug 8, 2018

By J. Nelson Rivera

El presente texto señala la geología del distrito minero de Huarón, ubicado en Cerro de Pasco. Los depósitos minerales se han localizado dentro de un anticlinal asimétrico de doble hundida que se orienta al N 25°W. Asímismo, los precipitados se distribuyen según el zoneamiento siguiente: la zona del cobre, conformada por las asociaciones minerales de alta temperatura que acompañan tanto a la enargita que se ubica en la parte central del distrito como a la tetraedrita que se sitúa en la periferia; zona del zinc-plomo, constituída por los minerales de temperatura intermedia que acompañan a la esfalerita marrón y a la galena, que se sitúan en el área periférica a la zona del cobre; y la zona del zinc-plomo-plata constituida por los precipitados de baja temperatura que contienen minerales de plomo-zinc con valores altos de plata y que se sitúan en la periferia del distrito.

May 1, 1978

By G. S. Beaumont

This report presents a programme of work to demonstrate the use of a surface-based centralised computer control system for the remote monitoring and control of underground conveyors in a US coal mine. The system selected for demonstration was the 'Dynalink' Micro MINOS system which is manufactured by Hawker Siddeley Dynamics Engineering Limited. The site selected was Barnes S Tucker Lancashire No. 20 Mine located near Carrolltown, Cambria County, Pennsylvania. The system concept, operating and application software was designed and developed by the. British National Coal Board. The report describes the selection of the site, specification of the system requirements, commissioning, operation and evaluation of the system under typical US mine operating conditions. Experience with the system, based primarily on the system reliability and performance of conveyor control, was favourable. Mine management personnel felt that the system had successfully achieved its objectives and were keen to expand monitoring and control to other activities.

Jan 1, 1986

By V. Astucuri

El presente trabajo describe el proceso de extracción de plata de dos muestras de relaves antiguos empleando la cianuración. De acuerdo a este estudio, entre todos los procesos metalúrgicos utilizados para la recuperación de la plata como la tostación sulfatante, amalgamación, flotación, se encontró que la cianuración es un proceso completo ya que puede reemplazar a las anteriores, con excepción de la amalgamación de plata nativa y otras deficiencias. En consecuencia, la cianuración es el método hidrometalúrgico que aprovecha mejor el poder lixiviante de los cianuros alcalinos en soluciones diluídas y extrae la palta de los relaves. Por ello, se supedita a su contenido económico y a los minerales no económicos entre los que se encuentre asociado.

Oct 14, 1980

CONTENTSIntroductionGeneral GeologyCoral Reef-Volcanic Set'iesRock TypesMicaceous Sandstone and MudstoneLimestoneVolcanic RocksChertsDepositionDiatremesEarth MovementsRelation of Ore Bodies to StructureINTRODUCTIONThe author encountered the problems discussed in this paper in 1947 while surveying the mining centres of Mungana and Redcap for Broken Hill South Ltd. After his resignation from that company he made a semi-regional survey to investigate the regional problems raised by the preliminary study. Broken Hill South Ltd. continued its studies on the known ore bodies while the author's investigation was going on, and he is indebted to the staff of this company for assistance during his field work.The area mapped is part of a larger area mapped in reconnaissance by the Aerial, Geological and Geophysical Survey of Northern Australia by a party headed by Dr. H. I. Jensen...

Jan 1, 1952

By Oscar V. Mauró Obando

El presente texto describe la energía que contienen los explosivos para sensibilizar a los trabajadores que realizan las tareas de perforación y voladura. Las causas que originan los accidentes relacionados a explosivos son actos y condiciones subestándares, relacionados con el almacenamiento, transporte, manipuleo y uso de los explosivos y accesorios. En ese sentido, se busca la prevención de accidente por voladura, identificación de peligros y cómo eliminar correctamente los tiros cortados en la voladura subterránea, desde un análisis de os ingenieros de seguridad y explosivistas.

Apr 1, 2015

By J. Coffin, R. Multani, C. Deredin

Glencore’s Strathcona Mill has recently evaluated a pyrrhotite depressant combination of diethylenetriamine (DETA) and sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) to improve its overall plant pyrrhotite- pentlandite (Po-Pn) selectivity, with the aim of producing a higher quality nickel concentrate. In a previous paper, key findings from a comprehensive lab-scale program (completed at the XPS Centre) were summarized where, of the depressants tested, DETA/SMBS combination was found to be the most effective in improving the Po-Pn selectivity. The present paper describes the metallurgical program recently completed at Strathcona Mill; DETA/SMBS evaluation on select plant “grab” samples as well as the major results of three DETA/SMBS plant trials conducted on several plant ore feeds (long-term testing). Interestingly, it was found that there was variable success in using DETA/SMBS depressants on the different plant ore feeds; DETA/SMBS (dosage: 25/50 g/t milled feed) on lower Cu feeds demonstrated a ~2% Ni recovery increase at the same Ni grade. On the other hand, higher Cu feeds demonstrated virtually no benefit from DETA/SMBS at the same plant dosage, suggesting that higher DETA/SMBS dosage (at specific locations) than that tested is required to overcome the increased Cu-DETA complexation for these particular feeds. Glencore Nickel – Sudbury Integrated Nickel Operations owns and operates Strathcona Mill which has been processing Ni-Cu ores from the Sudbury Basin since 1968. The valuable sulfides are pentlandite (Pn) – (Ni,Fe)9S8 and chalcopyrite (Cp) – CuFeS2, majority of the sulfide gangue is pyrrhotite (Po) – Fe(1-x)S [0 < x ≤ 0.125] which is present in two forms: hexagonal Po (Fe9S10) and monoclinic Po (Fe7S8) (Multani & Waters, 2017; Lawson et al., 2014). Currently Strathcona Mill processes ore mined from two primary sources from the Sudbury area and produces two concentrate streams: (1) nickel-copper concentrate that is sent to the Sudbury Smelter; and (2) copper concentrate that is shipped to the Fonderie Horne (Glencore Copper, Rouyn-Noranda).

Jan 1, 2019

By Juan Escala Abril

El presente texto describe el éxito de modelo de gestión en planeamiento integrado aplicado por la mina Antamina. En ese sentido, se presenta un grupo de herramientas como los factores claves de éxito en la planificación, las cuales se nutren de varias metodologías de planeamiento que alternadas con aspectos particulares de la industria minera, logran el desarrollo de una metodología propia, simple, clara y efectiva que puede ser replicada con pequeñas modificaciones en otras empresas mineras.

Nov 1, 2016

By G. S. Pauley

Paper presented at a meeting on: Artificial intelligence in the minerals sector, held in Nottingham, UK, 20 April 1993 (original title: Case-based reasoning can be a catalyst for improvement). A new computer software technology known as Case Based Reasoning (CBR) can be used to produce small decision support systems that are economically viable. This is because the knowledge that they contain can be owned and maintained by their users. A CBR tool has been used to perform a pilot study with Anglesey Aluminium Metal Ltd. The results are encouraging. They suggest that a combination of CBR and participative design and implementation techniques (such as Checkland's Soft System Methodology) can achieve sustainable improvement in mineral processing functions. An explanation is presented of why traditional, rule based systems are often an ineffective way to implement support systems. It is shown that CBR may provide an appropriate technology solution. Methods of achieving sustainable benefit are indicated. The pilot study with Anglesey Aluminium Metal is used as a practical illustration of the development of a CBR application. A review of potential application areas and some observations about the implementation are presented

Apr 1, 1994

By Matheus Martini

A escória de aciaria LD é um coproduto abudantemente gerado através da metalurgia primária e secundária, sendo que após seu resfriamento e beneficiamento pode ser aplicado em diversos setores, mas que necessita ser submetido a processo de envelhecimento para minimização da expansão. Em geral, no Brasil, o Método PTM-130/78 é o mais utilizado para avaliar o potencial de expansão, entretanto o método leva 14 dias para obtenção dos resultados. Por meio de uma cooperação técnico-econômica entre a CSN e a EEL-USP, o método de expansão foi correlacionado com as fases identificadas e quantificadas por Difratometria de Raios-X e Método de Rietveld, respectivamente, além de compreender o mecanismo de expansão. Análises de regressão múltipla permitiram ajustar modelos matemáticos com 97,0% de ajuste e uma redução no tempo de ensaio de 14 dias (336 horas) para 7 horas.

Aug 16, 2017

El presente texto describe las ventajas del uso del sistema de vectores aplicados en la explotación de los minerales de la mina de Atacocha. Este sistema consiste en dividir el Ore Body a explotarse, en varias partes y que al momento de hacerlo sea de forma alternada, como si se tratase de "Stopes" independientes. Entre las ventajas obtenidas por este sistema, está que el desarrollo de derrumbes se hace menos frecuente debido a que las paralizaciones -ya sea por los derrames de minerales de las cajas de Ore Bodyi -, no delimitan un detenimiento total del área de explotación, sino solo a un sector. Otra ventaja estriba en que el costo por toneladas de todos los stopes trabajados, es menor que el sistema de cuadros empleado. Asimismo, para que el sistema sea completamente efecivo, se deben conocer los límites del Ore Body, a través de los análisis y las muestras de laboratorio permanente.

Jul 20, 1957