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This report presents production and delivered costs for coal exports from the five major Western coal-exporting countries: Australia, Canada. Colombia, South Africa, and the United States. Cost data were compiled from visits to 43 mines by U.S. Bureau of Mines engineers between 1985 and 1990. All report costs are in January 1989 U.S. dollars per short ton. Production costs for raw coal are divided into mining and regulatory categories. Costs are broken down by type of cost, type of mine. and country. Scheduled operating and capital costs for raw coal were processed by the Bureau's MINSIM discounted cash flow program to determine total production costs calculated at 0% and 15% discounted cash flow rates of return (DCFROR). Delivered costs are for salable coal delivered to various markets. Costs are broken down by supply country, market, and type of cost. Scheduled operating and capital costs for salable coal were processed by the Bureau's MINSIM discounted cash-flow program to determine total salable coal costs at 0% DCFROR. Added to total salable coal costs were transportation and port costs to get delivered costs. Comparative overview information on the coal industries of the five study countries are appended. This appendix includes information on industry economics and exports, production and reserves, and coal industry issues.

Jan 1, 1993

By Robert Gannicott

??A mining company without the burden of operating a mine ??Management focused on marketing a high-quality, run-of-mine range of Canadian diamonds ??Robust revenue stream ??Specialist diamond knowledge ??Canadian exploration and development expertise ??BUT ??Single asset revenue base from depleting ore reserve ??Limited influence on production plans

Apr 1, 2005

By José Díaz Barrios

El proceso de la explotación minera de la veta Oroya Techo, perteneciente a la mina Casapalca, ha generado un desequilibrio del macizo rocoso, donde la energía que la roca de la caja, piso y techo (volcánicos de la formación Carlos Francisco) no pueden soportar mas allá del límite de su resistencia y deformabilidad natural, es liberada o “compensada” con el estrujamiento plástico de la veta Oroya Techo (estructura carbonatada). En ese sentido, el presente texto describe una manera de cuantificar dicha deformación a través del monitoreo de convergencias, donde se emplea un simple extensómetro de cinta manual y asímediante una análisis estadístico, seleccionar estaciones de convergencia por rangos de mediciones.

Sep 12, 2005

By John Gamble

This paper summarizes the weight of epidemiological evidence to evaluate the hypothesis that asbestos exposure is causally associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers as suggested by Selikoff in an early study of insulation workers. This review looks at populations that develop GI cancers, namely stomach, colorectal, colon and rectal. Guidelines for assessing causality are strength of association, biological gradient and consistency of the associations. Exposure?response (E?R) was evaluated using three methods to estimate exposure. Rate Ratios (RRs) for lung cancer and percent of mesothelioma are used as surrogate measures of asbestos exposure for all the cohorts of exposed workers. Quantitative or semi-quantitative estimates of cumulative exposure to asbestos were also used to assess E?R trends and were compared to E?R trends for lung cancer and mesothelioma in individual studies. Surrogate measures are important since there are few individual studies that have assessed E?R. None of the various methods to estimate asbestos exposure yielded consistent E?R trends and the strength of the associations were consistently weak or non-existent for the four types of GI cancers. The epidemiological evidence detracts from the hypothesis that occupational asbestos exposure increases the risk of stomach, colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer. Findings are briefly summarized below. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Asbestos; Colon cancer; Colorectal cancer; Gastrointestinal cancers; Ingestion; Lung cancer; Mesothelioma; Rectal cancer; Review; Stomach cancer

Jan 1, 2007

By Timothy A. Clancy

To help reduce the Nation's dependence on imported chromite, the Bureau of Mines is conducting research on the use of dolomites as an alternate material. Dolomite is a plentiful domestic resource and offers certain advantages as a refractory raw material. A review of the literature has indicated that there are many sources of high-purity dolomite in this country and that European nations use a greater proportion of dolomite refractories, primarily in steelmaking, than the United States, The Bureau of Mines characterized 14 domestic dolomites as to chemistry, density, mineralogy, microstructure, and thermal behavior, to develop baseline data on their suitability as refractory raw materials.

Jan 1, 1983

The commonly used Stopes-Heerlen coal petrographic classification and nomenclature has over the years been subject to variable interpretations. This paper discusses the problem with specific reference to the inertinite maceral group. The effect of various interpretations of the Stopes-Heerlen system on maceral analysis is discussed and illustrated by means of comparative analyses conducted by a number of laboratories in Australia.An attempt is made to define the reflectance thresholds used by the authors to subdivide the inertinite group; the genetic and technological significance of these thresholds are compared.The difficulties of distinguishing structured and nonstructured macerals of the inertinite group are discussed in terms of possible improvements to the present StopesHeerlen system by extending the classification to include transitional maceral types.

Jan 1, 1970

By Túlio Moreira Campos

A tecnologia da Prensa de Rolos se encontra cada vez mais presente em circuitos de cominuição na indústria mineral. No caso de minérios de ferro itabiríticos, essa tecnologia está sendo aplicada de forma pioneira no projeto Minas-Rio, atualmente em fase de ramp-up. O trabalho compara o desempenho das Prensas de Rolos do circuito Minas-Rio sob diferentes condições de operação em relação às previsões obtidas pelos três principais modelos matemáticos disponíveis na literatura: Morrell / Lim / Shi / Tondo (1997), Torres & Casali (2009) e Dundar et al. (2013). A comparação foi realizada considerando o ajuste dos modelos a um caso base, sendo os demais testes simulados a partir dos parâmetros ajustados para esse. A comparação entre os modelos foi realizada com base nas previsões de potência consumida, capacidade e distribuição granulométrica do produto. Em geral, foram obtidas boas previsões da distribuição granulométrica do produto com os diferentes modelos, embora o modelo de Morrell / Lim / Shi / Tondo tenha superestimado a finura do produto em alguns dos testes. Além disso, foi observada uma boa correspondência entre a potência experimental e a simulada para os três modelos na maioria dos testes industriais. Entretanto, a capacidade prevista pelos modelos de Morrell / Lim / Shi / Tondo e Torres & Casali foi subestimada em todos os casos em relação aos valores experimentais.

Aug 17, 2017

By Iván Salas

Los bofedales (humedales altoandinos) son considerados ecosistemas frágiles, con características y recursos singulares, con baja resiliencia ante eventos naturales y presión antropogénica los cuales producen una profunda alteración en su estructura, composición y funciones, estas características hacen que la protección de estos ecosistemas sea legislada a nivel nacional e internacional. Hudbay Perú viene ejecutando el Plan de Manejo de Bofedales como parte de su compromiso de compensación ambiental el cual tiene como objetivo mejorar las condiciones del ecosistema del Bofedal de Cochapampa ubicado en territorio de la comunidad campesina de Chilloroya a 4300 m.s.n.m (comunidad de influencia directa de la Unidad Minera Constancia).

Sep 30, 2022

By Sergio Rojas, Maribel Suazo, Daniel Flores

El siguiente documento tiene por finalidad mostrar la solución para el reciclaje de revestimientos desgastados fuera de uso Polymet™ de Metso. Se presenta una breve descripción del escenario actual de la industria minera, en donde gran parte de los revestimientos de molino son de material hibrido (caucho y metal), lo que justifica la necesidad de reciclaje de dichas piezas. Además, se presentan los objetivos de sustentabilidad de Metso, los cuales están alineados a los objetivos de las distintas unidades mineras del Perú.

Sep 29, 2023

By Janaina Gonçalves Maria da Silva Machado

O antracito é um dos tipos de combustíveis utilizados no processo de pelotização. Estudos de caracterização desses materiais realizados no CTF-Vale indicaram muitos casos de antracitos contaminados com carvões betuminosos. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar como essa contaminação pode afetar a qualidade das pelotas queimadas e também o manuseio desses combustíveis. Para este desenvolvimento alguns antracitos, com diferentes níveis de contaminação, foram caracterizados química, física, petrográfica e mineralogicamente e seus desempenhos foram avaliados em plantas piloto de pelotização. De acordo com os resultados, quanto maior o grau de contaminação de antracitos com carvões minerais pior a qualidade física das pelotas queimadas. Em casos extremos, quando os antracitos foram contaminados com maiores teores de carvões alto-voláteis as pelotas se desintegraram durante os pot grate tests. Observou-se também que a contaminação afeta negativamente os principais parâmetros que influenciam o manuseio de combustíveis, que são umidade, distribuição granulométrica e composição mineralógica.

Aug 2, 2018

By W. H. Emens

[This circular is one of a series dealing with tie development and equip¬ment of small and medium size mines, and with the costs of such work prior to productive operation. The preparation and publication of these papers by the Bureau off Mines has been made possible through the cooperation of various min¬ing and development companies. The bureau of Mines has published a series of circulars dealing with min¬ing methods and costs at a large number of producing nines in the United States, Canada, Mexico, an, other countries. Unit costs of development work, shaft sinking, (rifting, crosscutting, tunneling, and raising are usually much higher in the preliminary development of a property than during its productive life.]

Jan 1, 1933

By Juan Carlos Zevallos

Ante un escenario incierto y de gran tensión como consecuencia de la pandemia del COVID-19, el sector minero peruano ha venido desarrollando tareas sociales fundamentales y comprometiendo grandes esfuerzos en ayuda económica, operativa y logística. Las acciones descritas en este artículo demuestran que en los últimos años las empresas mineras en el Perú han dado un salto importante en la dinámica de su relación con el entorno, la comunidad y el Estado, lo que ha facilitado coordinar aportes y establecer sinergias.

Aug 30, 2020

Law of the Sea. - The Ninth Session of the Law of the Sea Conference resumed July 28 at Geneva and will run for 5 weeks. The 160-nation Conference began in 1973. Two of the major factors to be discussed are the transfer of technology to the UN-controlled Enterprise or mining authority, and how the 36-member Council will make decisions. As the session completed its third week, delegates expressed little hope of completing a treaty text this year. There was a feeling, though, that substantive issues might be settled so that a treaty text can be completed next year. The Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act signed by the President on June 28, provides an interim regulatory procedure for ocean mining activities conducted by U.S. nationals that may be superseded by a law of the sea treaty.

Jan 1, 1980

The notes from which this paper has been prepared were set down at the time of the author's departure from Australia in 1935. Mr. Frank Forman, Government Geologist of Western Australia, who has very kindly read the paper in manuscript, affirms that the views here set forth are now accepted by most geologists. Thus, Forman's recent presidential address before the Royal Society of Western Australia (1937) mentions sediments in the Kalgoorlie Series "including banded jaspers and jaspilites."While it may, therefore, be superfluous to belabour the question further at this time, Mr. Forman has encouraged the author to publish this paper as a summary or both past and present views.To those specially interested in the subject of the paper, a study of pertinent Plates attached to Western Australian Geological Survey Bulletin No. 71, 1917, is suggested.The type of rock which is variously called "jasper bar," jaspilite, or "ferruginous quartzite" is familiar to all mining men who have worked in the West Australian goldfields.In its typical form it is a "striped" rock consisting of alternate layers of white or pinkish silica with red to brown bands of iron-bearing silica.In the course of geological work in many parts of Western Australia I studied exposures of jasper bar and was repeatedly impressed with the similarity of much of the material to the sedimentary "banded iron formation" of Canada. It was, therefore, a surprise to learn that the jasper bars were not generally regarded in Australia as sedimentary horizons. It is true that Honman offered convincing evidence of the sedimentary origin of the jaspers...

Jan 1, 1939

By Bryan Ore, Angel Mateo, Edwin Asencios

La operación de Minera Colquisiri S.A. está ubicado en la provincia de Huaral, inicia sus operaciones en el año 1985. Su sostenibilidad se basa en su sistema integrado de gestión (SIG) y una armoniosa convivencia con la agricultura. Es un yacimiento del tipo sulfuros masivos volcanogénicos (SMV), donde predomina cuerpos de mineral lenticulares, predomina el tipo de roca IIIB, a IIIA. Actualmente viene explotando el cuerpo Sofía D como principal cuerpo mineralizado, con una producción diaria de 1600MT, la cual es procesada en la planta concentradora de minerales polimetálicos. Cuenta con un depósito de Relaves operación y recircula el agua del proceso de sus operaciones en su totalidad.

Sep 30, 2022

By Leduar Ramayo Cortés

Dado que en la industria minera, la exploración profunda representa uno de los costos de perforación y capacidad de gestión de metodología para las empresas, se ha previsto el uso de nuevas tecnologías como la Titan 24. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala dicha tecnología como la más adecuada para realizar estudios profundos de depósitos minerales en minas activas que representen grandes retos para las empresas. Así también se describe los casos históricos de la aplicación de Titan 24 en diversos proyectos.

Feb 1, 2012

By A. R. Miller, G. Desrivières, T. MacKinnon, H. Bursey, M. C. Bétournay, B. Replogle, D. L. Barnes, P. Laliberté

"A mine production locomotive, the world’s first applied industrial fuel cell vehicle, has been designed and tested in the context of a number of proof-of-concept projects supported by the Fuelcell Propulsion Institute, an international consortium of stakeholders dedicated to facilitate the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles.The locomotive’s simple electric-powered motor and controller system was ideal to study a number of requirements related to fuel cell power application: hydrogen power plant operation, underground hydrogen use, risk and regulatory requirements, production performance versus the conventional battery- powered locomotive version under measured duty cycles and production requirements, power plant design improvements for other fuel cell vehicles, and cost benefit aspects.This article will focus on the design and testing aspects of this project which has led to successful performance demonstrations of the vehicle under surface and underground conditions at two mines. It will also present information on the creation of a safe, reliable, and efficient power plant that fulfilled its design objectives, including longer productivity time for a given vehicle fill-up."

Jan 1, 2004

By Paul Miranda, Corby Anderson

"The Center for Advanced Mineral and Metallurgical Processing (CAMP) has recently obtained a Mineral Liberation Analyzer (MLA). CAMP has utilized the technology for several projects with excellent results. The MLA is able to both analyze size and quantify mineral phases. Therefore, the MLA is becoming the Sherlock Holmes of the mining and metallurgical industry. For this presentation, four projects have been evaluated and data was collected using the MLA. The first project involved tungsten mine. Previous mining practices have yielded poor tungsten results and recoveries. By using the MLA, tungsten mineral phases, along with possible contaminants, were verified and the results used to try to increase overall tungsten recoveries. The second project evaluated a molybdenite/chalcopyrite concentrate with surprising results. The third project is a silver project. Initial flotation scoping tests were performed by attempting to separate silver from gangue material. Because of the poor recovery results (less than 5%), MLA was used to determine possible scenarios for increasing silver recovery. Finally, the last project involves gold evaluation in tailings. For all projects, MLA application results will be presentedand discussed.INTRODUCTIONThe Center for Advanced Mineral and Metallurgical Processing (CAMP) has recently received a software add-on to a scanning electron microscope (SEM) located at Montana Tech. The Mineral Liberation Analyzer (MLA) technology was developed by Dr. Ying Gu of the JKTech Center of the University of Queensland. Since August 2006, CAMP has received and processed over 50 samples. These samples include a total mineralogy of tungsten ore samples, gold tailings, lead zinc tailings pile, molybdenite concentrates, copper concentrates, as well as others. During analysis of these received samples, the technology allows the samples to be quantified mineralogically with some surprising results.For analysis, the samples were initially sieved between 170 to 200 screen sized mesh. This ensures that received samples mineral size is fairly uniform. The samples are then placed into epoxy and allowed to harden. Next, the samples are polished and carbon coated for MLA analysis."

Jan 1, 2007

By C. W. Owings

Recent recommendations of the Bureau of Mines regarding, rock dusting to prevent dust explosions in coal mines have been issued as Mine Safety Board Decision 32 and printed as Information Circular 7109.5/ The last paragraph on page 2 of I. C. 7109 states: After a mine or any part of a mine has been rock-dusted, samples of dust for analysis should be taken from the floor, ribs, roof, and timbers at such intervals of time as will give apple warning of need far redusting in order to maintain the required minimum percentage of incombustible in the mine dust. Details of the methods of sampling and analysis are given in Bureau of Mines Information Circular 7113.

Jan 1, 1940

By Lottrey A. L, Sowerby B. D, Cutmore N. G

On-line monitoring of low rank coal quality during input to a process has the potential to provide benefits through: ò anticipation of coal quality variations prior to utilisation; ò provision of a tool to help determine the influence of coal quality on process behaviour, and ò provide a direct measure of coal quality for pricing. Moisture and ash are the two most significant coal quality parameters for combustion. They determine the energy content which can be derived from the coal and the problems arising from the presence of ash in the process (eg ash fouling, corrosion, erosion, particulate emissions and ash disposal). Extensive pilot-scale testing and full-scale experience has shown that specific coal/ash constituents (eg Na2O/ash ratio, acid-soluble aluminium, silica, sulphur contents, etc) are also important for the behaviour of Latrobe Valley brown coal during combustion, ash formation, deposition and removal of ash in precipitators and furnace ash hoppers. This paper discusses the range of on-line analysis techniques which have been investigated and their application to low rank coal analysis. Preliminary results from a joint SECV/CSIRO project which aims to develop two separate advanced instrument systems are also presented. These systems are based on: ò microwave attenuation and phase shift - for direct determination of moisture content; and ò inelastic neutron scattering - to provide total hydrogen, carbon, chlorine and ash contents, with potential for calculation of moisture content, specific energy, sodium content and Na20/ash ratio using correlations.

Jan 1, 1992