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By G. Issid, J. McGinty, C. Lee, Y. Pepin

For more than a decade, Hatch has used process and logistics models to assist Rio Tinto Fer et Titane (RTFT) with capacity planning, debottlenecking, and optimization to help ensure design capability, capital effectiveness, and operational efficiency of the integrated production chain. Process models are used to optimize the physics-based aspects of the system, such as mass and energy balances, flow rates, yields, and equipment specifications. Dynamic logistics models are used to optimize how the various plant areas work together to achieve the desired ends and deal with such things as plant scheduling and synchronization strategies, sizing of buffers between processes, defining the required number of process and material handling units, and designing a plant layout that minimizes plant interferences and inefficiencies. The combined use of process models and logistics models enables the overall plant to be optimized from both a productivity and quality point of view, with each plant area working in harmony with one another to achieve targeted capacities and efficiencies. This paper describes the many benefits derived from such modeling efforts over the past 15 years for each of the major plant areas at RTFT: Beneficiation Plant, Smelter Plant, Steel Plant, UGS Plant, and Powder Plant (RTMP).

Jan 1, 2011

By Felicia F. Peng

Using granular media for removal of soluble manganese from mine water and industry waste stream has the advantage of forming a compact surface layer of manganese oxide coating on the media. This process can avoid the step involving the separation of voluminous sludge of manganese hydroxide by the high-pH method for soluble manganese removal. The removal of soluble manganese is accomplished by adsorption and oxidation. The adsorption of Mn(II) on the manganese oxide-coated media was rapid through the specific adsorption and may be due to the ion exchange of hydroxyl ions on the manganese oxide by Mn(II). In the subsequent step, the adsorbed Mn(II) form the intermediate manganese complex on the manganese oxide product is oxidized with dissolved oxygen or other available oxidant source in the aqueous solution. This paper presents the efficiency of removal of soluble manganese from mine water by using a laboratory fluidized bed and the recovery of manganese oxide coating on the anthracite coal particles. In order to accelerate the formation of the manganese oxide layer on the surface of anthracite media, dilute potassium permanganate solution is used as an active oxidant. The effects of operation parameters on the manganese removal including pH, flow rate, concentration of feed and oxidant dosage are evaluated.

Jan 1, 1996

By Bradley S. Van Gosen, Anjana K. Shah, George M. Bedinger, Donald I. Bleiwas, Karl J. Ellefsen

"Ancient and modern coastal deposits of heavy mineral sands (HMS) are the principal source of several heavy industrial minerals, with mining and processing operations on every continent except Antarctica. For example, HMS deposits are the main source of titanium feedstock for the titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments industry, obtained from the minerals ilmenite (Fe2+TiO3), rutile (TiO2) and leucoxene (an alteration product of ilmenite). HMS deposits are also the principal source of zircon (ZrSiO4), from which zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) is obtained for uses mostly in refractory products. Sometimes monazite [(Ce,La,Nd,Th) PO4] is recovered as a byproduct mineral, sought for its rare earth elements, and thorium (Ault and others, 2016; Sengupta and Van Gosen, 2016; Van Gosen and Tulsidas, 2016).HMS are sediments containing dense (heavy) minerals that accumulate with sand, silt and clay in coastal environments, locally forming economic concentrations of the heavy minerals (Fig. 1). Economic (mined) HMS deposits include Holocene sediments on modern coasts, such as examples in India and Brazil, as well as coastal deposits formed by transgressions and regressions of the seas during intervals in the Quaternary, Tertiary and Cretaceous, such as in Australia and the southeastern United States. Economic deposits typically contain heavy-mineral concentrations of at least two percent. Individual heavy minerals are commonly defined as minerals with a specific gravity greater than approximately 2.9 g/cm3. These minerals are generally resistant to chemical weathering and physical degradation and thus survive well in fluvial and coastal environments. Heavy minerals in coastal HMS deposits may include, in order of general abundance, ilmenite, leucoxene, rutile, magnetite, zircon, staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite, tourmaline, garnet, epidote, hornblende, spinel, iron oxides, sulfides, anatase, monazite, cassiterite and xenotime. Of these, ilmenite, leucoxene, rutile and zircon are the primary economic minerals. Garnet, monazite, cassiterite and xenotime are occasionally recovered as byproducts. The heavy minerals as a suite typically make up no more than 15 weight percent of a deposit and usually much less. Quartz and clay minerals form the bulk of the sediment. The geology of HMS deposits and examples of significant districts are summarized in Van Gosen and others (2014) and Hou and Keeling (2016)."

Oct 1, 2016

By Yi Luo

Bolting the mine roof is one of the noisiest underground mining operations. The main contribution to the noise is the drilling of the roof bolt holes, especially drilling in hard rock. Previous research shows that the specific energy consumed in drilling bolt holes is inversely proportional to the bite depth (i.e., penetration per drill revolution). Less specific energy at a reasonably high bite depth means less energy is wasted in the drilling process for producing heat, bit wear and noise. Therefore, proper control of the drilling operation to achieve a reasonably higher bite depth can reduce drilling noise from its sources as a proactive noise control approach. In order to explore the feasibility and develop the proactive technology for reducing drilling noise, drilling tests have been conducted in laboratory settings. The preliminary results show that significant reduction in noise dose can be achieved by drilling in medium hard rock with uniaxial compressive strength of about 276 bars (4,000 psi) and at a reasonably high bite depth of about 4.6 mm/rev (0.18 in./rev). This paper presents the findings from laboratory experimental studies.

By J. Bhattacharya

In many different ways industrial raw materials resources industry as a whole has accepted the principles of sustainable development and has made a commitment to move toward this goal. The critical question now is ?how?? While many companies have adopted policies and are implementing community relations programs, sustainability is not always ?lived? throughout the organization. While traditional programs and commitment from the top are critical, employees within all functional areas can advance sustainability. Individuals can make difference at all organizational levels, and it is this collective action that is so critical for enhanced financial performance as well as the preservation of the industry. Keywords: value chains, sustainability, legislation, auditing process

Sep 1, 2012

By K. A. Natarajan, M. R. Sabari Prakasan

"Biodegradation of sodium isopropyl xanthate using two types of bacterial strains, Paenibacillus polymyxa and Pseudomonas putida, is demonstrated. At concentrations higher than 50 mg/L, the presence of xanthate in the growth medium resulted in bacterial toxicity, retarding growth kinetics. Adaptation through serial subculturing in the presence of higher xanthate concentrations resulted in the development of xanthate-tolerant bacterial strains. Stress proteins secreted by bacterial cells grown in the presence of xanthate were isolated. Bacterial cells could utilize xanthate as a growth substrate, degrading xanthate species in the process. Acidic metabolic products generated by bacterial metabolism promoted efficient xanthate decomposition. Probable mechanisms for the biodegradation of isopropyl xanthate are illustrated.IntroductionDifferent types of alkyl xanthates (ethyl, isopropyl, amyl, etc.) have been used as flotation collectors in the concentration of sulfidic ores for several decades. Large quantities of waste water and xanthate-containing effluents are generated by ore flotation processes, posing considerable environmental challenges. Billions of cubic meters of such process waste waters are produced annually across the world, most of which are discharged to the environment, often without any treatment. Leakages and accidental release of xanthate reagents from manufacturing plants and during transportation and storage can also contaminate the environment. Residual concentrations of xanthate reagents are encountered in waste effluent, which are found to be toxic to aquatic life and unfit for human consumption (Harris, 1984; Okibe and Johnson, 2002). Further, direct recycling of such waste waters for plant operations can compromise water quality standards required for process operations. The presence of residual xanthate in recycled waters from flotation plants deleteriously influences flotation processes. Xanthate can be easily decomposed at low pH values; however, CS2, which is more toxic, will be produced by the acidification of neutral and mildly alkaline xanthate-containing solutions. Physico-chemical methods such as flocculation, chemical oxidation and decomposition and physical adsorption used to remove residual collector reagents from mill process waters are often expensive and not environment-friendly (Oliveira and Rubio, 2009; Cheng et al., 2012; Molina et al., 2013,)."

Jan 1, 2015

By Norbert L. Piret

From the copper smelter operation a various outputs are to exert negative impacts on the environment. Particularly, emissions like SO2 and dusts, solid wastes like contaminated gypsum and arsenic sludge, effluents and heated cooling water are generated. Most countries have sitipulated an environmental legislation to provide the framework for an efficient environmental management. As part of the planning activities for x major greenfield copper smelter, the Following elaborations are required and were drawn up. -The Environmental Impact Assessment which is the first step of environmental management and mandatory for every new project. - The Environmental Monitoring Plan, which describes the monitoring procedures for the main impacts identified and assessed. -The Environmental Management Plan, which deals with the minimization of environmental impacts, and the methods of its implementation.

Jan 1, 1996

By Minna Rämä

Iron containing leach residues like jarosite and goethite from electrolytic zinc production contain many valuable metals and harmful substances. These metals and substances should be removed in order to obtain an acceptable, stable and reusable product, and maximize economic feasibility as well as minimize environmental footprint. In this work, the processing of jarosite leach residue was studied in laboratory scale experiments under oxidizing and reducing conditions at high temperatures. First, the pretreated material was melted and oxidized to produce a melt of metal oxides. Second, the oxide melt was reduced in CO–CO2 atmosphere. Target after the reduction step was to obtain a clean slag and a liquid metal or speiss phase that collects the valuable metals, such as silver. The kinetics of the thermal processing were studied for determining optimal times and conditions for the aforementioned process steps. The preliminary results show that the process is thermodynamically feasible, and the desired phases can be obtained in the experimental conditions investigated.

By P J. McCarthy

Globalisation and consolidation is resulting in the mining industry coming to be dominated by a small number of very large companies seeking to lever assets and knowledge to create wealth. As an important service provider to the mining industry, the minerals tertiary education sector needs to understand these global drivers and respond to them. However, it is under-resourced and its sustainability is under challenge in all Western countries. Through the establishment and funding of the Minerals Tertiary Education Council (MTEC), the Minerals Council of Australia (MCA) has provided a unique opportunity to build a national, world-class minerals tertiary education environment in Australia that can be sustained in the long-term. This paper reviews how the global changes occurring in the mining industry provide the model for what needs to occur in the minerals education sector and how MTEC is the logical vehicle to facilitate these changes. It concludes by suggesting that the time has come to integrate the minerals tertiary education providers into one business. Furthermore, the vision should be for a global mining education academy based around a virtual university capable of servicing the cultural diversity and continuing education needs of the global minerals industry.

Jan 1, 2001

By James W. Townsend, William H. King

"INTRODUCTION As a byproduct of its mineral investigation program, the Bureau of Mines has developed a number of operating devices and techniques worthy of note. This paper, prepared under the direct supervision of Paul T. Alisman, chief, Salt Lake City Division, Mining Branch, and under the general supervision of Lowell B. Moon, chief, Mining Branch, reports upon ore such technique.The Wright borehole-surveying instrument developed at the Homestake mine, Lead, S. Dak., has been described in several publications. 3/ For the benefit of those to whom the publications are not available, the instrument is described here. However, this article will be concerned mainly with the technique developed by the Federal Bureau of Mines for using the instrument.In the use of the Wright borehole-surveying instrument, it was found advantageous to develop a standard practice of operation covering type of film, preparation and care of film, loading film in instrument, placing instrument in container, exposure time, unloading film from instrument, development of film, and determination of dip and strike from film impressions."

May 1, 1947

Water contact angles in the air/water/francolite, fuel oil/water/francolite and fuel oil/water/quartz systems were measured to describe the wetting characteristics of these minerals. It was found that white francolite is more hydrophilic than black and tan francolite both in the absence and presence of fatty acid addition. The contact angle measurement results do not correlate very well with the flotation response and it appears that kinetic aspects of the bubble attachment process play an important role in the francolite-fatty acid flotation system.

Jan 1, 1997

By J. A. Marshall

"INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential for use of UAVs in underground mines and present a prototype design for a novel autorotating UAV platform for underground 3D data collection. The mining industry has recently shown increased interest in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to assist in everyday operations [20, 11, 4]. Above ground, small UAVs are in some cases a more efficient, inexpensive, and safer alternative to manned aircrafts currently used for photography, inspection and security [6, 10]. For example, attaching camera, infrared and LiDAR payloads, UAVs can provide a low-cost method of obtaining highly accurate 3D photogrammetric data and aerial photography. UAVs are now commonly used in open pit mining operations for applications that include stockpile surveying, 3D pit modelling, facilities management, accident reporting, progress monitoring, and environmental assessment [11]. There are numerous companies offering UAV services for mining applications; e.g., UAV Geomatics, Leica Geosystems, Sky Futures, SenseFly and FlyTerra, to name just a few. Common services include stockpile and open pit volume computations, environmental assessment, aerial mapping and photogrammetry. Although the aforementioned services are thosemost commonly provided by UAV surveying companies, they may also add value to other daily mining operations. For instance, SenseFly offers pre and post-blast monitoring in order to identify the presence of misfires and wall damage. This data can also be used to reconcile the blast results with expected results. GEM Systems offers a UAV equipped with a magnetometer for mineral exploration surveys. Companies such as Barrick have even used UAVs for solids modelling at tailings dams and stability monitoring [11]. UAVs in mining have so far been mostly limited to surface applications. Harsh underground environments pose many obstacles for flying UAVs. The confined space, dampness, reduced visibility, air movement, and lack of control signal propagation hinders most operators from being able to fly a drone underground. It may be that truly practical uses for UAVs underground will require either autonomous or semi-autonomous flight capabilities. Although there are many difficulties with flying underground, the potential benefits from a working system could greatly improve mining operations. The potential benefits of deploying UAV platforms underground include access to unreachable and dangerous locations and removing personnel from unsafe situations. These benefits have the potential to greatly improve mine monitoring and mine safety. Research has shown that current UAV technologies exist that allow for autonomous indoor flight. Extensive research has been done to develop UAV systems that are capable of performing on-board simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), which can allow them to navigate and map a foreign environment autonomously [5, 7, 1, 13]. Grzonka [7] successfully used an open hardware quadrotor to autonomously navigate and map an office building. The research outlines the localization, mapping, path planning, height estimation and control of the autonomous quadrotor. Other research has been done that exploits autonomous UAVs for search and rescue. Kassecker [9] proposed a software and hardware framework for a quadrotor capable of indoor and outdoor urban search and rescue and Rudol [19] developed a system for human body detection and geolocalization using an autonomous UAV.The use of autonomous UAVs in search and rescue has the potential to improve situational awareness and surveillance for a rescue team. Similar research has been done that uses autonomous UAVs for indoor exploration. Pravitra [15] outlined a strategy for autonomous exploration of miniature air vehicles (MAVs) within indoor environments and Rudol [19] developed a method for using an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) and a UAV for cooperative indoor exploration. These studies show that aut"

Jan 1, 2017

By M. Yavuz

As a branch of Operations Research, decision making is a widely used application in both science and social sciences. There are many different methods developed to solve decision making problems in the literature. In this study, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is performed for the selection of reclamation project selection in an open pit mine and the optimal solution of the problem is investigated. Different reclamation project alternatives are prepared for an open pit mine, which continues to its production activities in magnesite sector in Turkey. The data obtained from Magnesite Cooperation is used in the application of the method. A decision-making process is prepared as considering the project alternatives for the purpose of selecting the most suitable reclamation project. The entire criteria that affect the decision-making process are identified and transformed into a hierarchical structure. The problem is solved by using Fuzzy AHP method developed according to this structure. It is found that Fuzzy AHP is a method that may help decision-makers in solving different decision-making problems in mining.

Aug 1, 2013

By R. V. Ramani, R. Bhaskar

"An airborne dust cloud is an ensemble of particles of varied size, density, shape and states of aggregation. An understanding and quantifying of the dispersion and deposition of the dust generated in mines is essential to the development of measures for reducing worker exposure to dust. In coal mining, the major portion of the dust is generated during the cutting of coal using a shearer or a continuous miner.The major phenomenon affecting ambient concentration is the deposition of dust. Particle deposition may take place due to the effect of gravitational, inertial, electrostatic, and thermal forces, and mechanisms such as Brownian and eddy diffusion and inertial impaction, The three major mechanisms of deposition in turbulent flow in mines are diffusion (Brownian and eddy), sedimentation and inertial impaction. The mechanisms determining particle deposition are size depend,From a review of the literature, there appears to be a knowledge gap in the understanding of the deposition phenomena in mine airways. In order to obtain a better understanding of the deposition of dust for various particle sizes, and to develop a set of data for evaluating predictive mathematical models for dust-flow in mines, a series of dust flow experiments was performed under controlled conditions in mine airways. It appears that the deposition data generally follow the theoretical behavior of dust based on the combined effect of diffusional and gravitational deposition. In this paper, the findings of the study on the deposition of dust in mine airways and its dependence on size, velocity and concentration are discussed. A set of deposition equations that could be used to determine the approximate deposition at various points in a mine airway are presented.The major factor affecting ambient dust concentration in mine airways is the deposition of dust. Particle deposition may take place due to the effect of gravitational, inertial, electrostatic, and thermal forces, and mechanisms such as Brownian diffusion, eddy diffusion and inertial impaction. The major mechanisms of deposition in turbulent flow in mines are diffusion (Brownian and eddy), sedimentation and inertial impaction. Inertial impaction is significant only during changes in direction, but the change in direction of flow with resultant powerful eddies may cause increased re-entrainment of the particles, thus having a compensating effect. While the literature in aerosol sciences contain several references on deposition, most studies were done in small diameter tubes for diffusional deposition (Liu and Agarwal, 1974). The deposition data from small diameter, short tube experiments may not be applicable to studying deposition in mine airways that have large areas and extend several hundred meters. Further, the change in concentration along the length of a mine airway may significantly affect the deposition, an aspect that may not be easily determined in short tubes in laboratory experiments."

Mar 1, 1992

By C. M. Campbell

IN 1934 Newfoundland, after extravagant operation based on exaggerated ideas of what she had to work with, became bankrupt, ceased to be a self-governing Dominion, and passed into the hands of a Commission. Since the days of Dawson, Canadians have been taught that no country in the world is as rich as their own. This idea has become a religion; contrary views are heresy, and are suppressed even by technical organizations and government departments. Following the alleged habit of the ostrich, we have buried our heads in the sand and have refused to face the facts. This policy of "to have today and to hell with tomorrow" is now bearing fruit. After forty years of operation on the basis of unlimited natural wealth, with resulting over-expansion, wholesale depletion of capital assets, and huge borrowings, we are, now that our wealth has been shown to be very limited, face to face with the status of Newfoundland. Already, in this Province, commission government of bankrupt municipalities is not uncommon. The ostrich is referred to as the most foolish bird in the world. That is not the case-no ostrich ever hid his head in the sand. In the clear air of his home on the South African veldt, an area characterized by low bushes, he is a conspicuous object. When danger approaches, he lowers his head; matches his background, the bushes; and danger passes him by. This leaves the Canadian, with his head still in the sand, to fill the r61e cast for the ostrich. Fortunately, a few Canadians never did get their heads covered; others are getting them out far enough to see what is going on. Their comments are very much to the point. "Nowhere in the world," says Mr. Meighen, "has more harm been done to any country by an exaggeration of its resources and potentialities than has been done in Canada'.

Jan 1, 1941

By Wei Luo

Nickeliferous laterites were characterized by particle size analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Results showed that the laterites consist mainly of nickel-substituted lizardite with cobble-like morphology and traces amounts of magnetite and phlogopite. As fluoride ions can react with silicon in the lizardite crystal structure and form metal-fluoride complexes, as well as increase the equilibrium constant of the lizardite dissolution in acid solution dramatically, the addition of minor fluoride salts (0.2wt.% NaF) gave a markedly enhanced metal extraction rate (Ni 81.7% and Co 52.3%) under the experi-mental conditions of particle size d50= 25 µm, 10% (v/v) H2SO4, reaction time 2 h, reaction temperature 90°C, liquid-to-solid ratio 3 mL g-1 and stirring at 500 rpm compared with H2SO4 alone (Ni 69.6% and Co 30.8%).

Jan 1, 2010

By Yongjun Xian

The release of fluid inclusions has a strong potential for the unintentional activation of pyrite during flotation. The present study aims to characterize fluid inclusions in a natural pure pyrite. The results indicate that a certain amount of fluid inclusions exist in the pyrite. The fluid inclusions assume a variety of shapes, including long strips, oval shapes and irregular shapes, with sizes that range from a few microns to dozens of microns. From the EDS results of hollow positions that resulted from the fracture of the fluid inclusions on the pyrite surface, certain amounts of Al, Cr, C, O, Ag and Cu were clearly detected; these elements were not detected in FeS2 pyrite itself. The contents of the inclusions were released into solution when the sample was subjected to a grinding process. Under experimental conditions of 2 g of pyrite cleaned in 40 mL of pure deionized water under an inert atmosphere, the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Cl- and SO4 2- released from the inclusions reached concentrations of 3.29 × 10-6, 32.52 × 10-6, 51.57 × 10-6 and 75.90 × 10-6 mol/L, respectively. These values are significantly greater than those from the experimental nonoxidative and oxidative dissolution of the pyrite. The fluid inclusions of pyrite were, therefore, concluded to represent the dominant sources of Cu, Fe, Cl- and SO4 2- in the aqueous solution. The present investigation provides a new understanding of the source of the unavoidable metal ions in the pulp and may benefit understanding of the flotation theory and environmental geochemistry.

By C. J. Simensen, R. Østhus, H. J. Roven, K. G. Skorpen, H. Kalager

"This work encompasses co-extrusion of alloy Al4.5Mg at the core and rapidly solidified Al4.5Mg1Ag forming the surface layer. The goal is to produce a multi-material by co-extrusion having a relatively hard surface as compared to a softer core. At the same time, work hardening in both alloys is expected to be significant due to Mg in solid solution. Precipitation hardening at 160°C is studied by applying solution heat treatments at 560°C. The hardness increased from 80 to 130 VH in the surface material after 236 h. Surprisingly, the Al4.5Mg alloy also shows pronounced aging at this temperature, i.e. from 70 to 90 VH. The relatively high solution heat treatment temperature introduces grain growth in the core, but this is insignificant for the RS surface alloy. Blisters forms at the surface and cracks follows large portions of the interface. However, the tensile ductility is significant in all conditions due to very pronounced work hardening, i.e. for the as co-extruded, T6, under- and over-aged. The elongation at fracture ranges between 40–45% and the tensile strengths 240–275 MPa. The tensile properties increase linearly with the thickness of the RS alloy, i.e. following the rule of mixtures.INTRODUCTION Al-Mg alloys in 5xxx-series are classified as non-heat treatable wrought alloys (Polmear, StJohn, Nie, & Ma, 2017). The formation of the binary ß-Al8Mg5 does not give a substantial increase in the strength of the alloys (Mondolfo, 1976). When a third element like Ag, Cu or Zn are added, G.P.?zones are formed at low temperatures and intermediate, partial coherent phases are nucleated somewhat higher temperatures and finally a ternary, equilibrium phase is formed (Auld, 1968; Cousland & Tate, 1986; Mondolfo, 1976). Both the formation of G.P.?zones and intermediate phases increase the hardness and strength of the materials. An intermediate, hexagonal T´?phase is formed in Al-5 wt%Mg-1wt%Ag, and finally the equilibrium, cubic phase (Al,Ag)9Mg5 is nucleated (Cousland & Tate, 1986; Mondolfo, 1976)."

Jan 1, 2018

By A. A. EI-Geassy

High-grade iron ore fines rejected from the DRI plants (>96%Fe2O3) were isothermally reduced in 30-60%CO/H2 gas mixtures at 973-1273K. The freshly reduced reaction products were then subsequently carburised in either Hz/CO or H2/CO/S mixtures at 823-1 073K for 30-120 min. The thermogarvimetric technique was used to follow up both of reduction and carburisation reactions as a function of time. The carburised samples were characterized by X-ray and Mossbauer techniques. Chemical and carbon analyses were also applied. The influence of temperature and gas composition on the reduction behavior was investigated. The calculated values of apparent activation energy, application of gas-solid mathematical formulations were correlated with the microstructures to predict the reduetion mechanism. The influenee of carburization time, temperature, CO contents in H2/CO or H2/CO/S were investigated. A conversion extent of Fe to Fe3C was taken as a measurable index for the efficiency of carburization rcaction under the different experimental conditions.

Jan 1, 2003

By W. A. Jones

THE Ross mine, a subsidiary operation of Hollinger Consolidated Gold Mines, Limited, is situated near the north end of lot 1, concession 2, Hislop township, Ontario. The property comprises the north half of lot 1, concession 2, and the south one-third of lot 1, concession 3. It is readily reached by a good motor road from the village of Ramore, 7.5 miles to the southeast on the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario railway. The-mine has been developed to a depth of 900 feet and the current daily production rate is about 260 tons. From the inception of operations in March, 1935, until December 31st, 1942, 455,720 tons of ore with a total value of $4,169,-316 have been milled. The silver to gold ratio of 1.48 to 1 is unusually high for Ontario gold mines. The deposit is interesting because the relationship between hydrothermal metamorphism and three successive stages of fracturing and mineralization is marked with considerable clarity. During the past seven years, detailed geological maps of the mine have been kept up to date, many thousands of feet of diamond-drill core have been logged, and numerous thin and polished ore sections have been studied. The present paper describes the structure and mineralogy of the orebodies.

Jan 1, 1944