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By Ali Montaser

This paper presents an experimental study conducted to facilitate the use of RFID on construction job sites. The study focuses on deployment settings to provide data acquisition with higher accuracy for indoor location sensing. It provides extension to the state-of-the-art in this field as it addresses the impact of metal media proximity to RFID tags, the reasonable duration for data capturing, number of RFID tags employed and the distance between them. Low cost passive RFID tags were used in the experiments where each tag is used as a reference point with a known location. Five hundred and forty (514) experiments were conducted in lab environment using a 3m by 3m test bed that is dynamically rearranged to generate 15 test beds and a total of 67713 data sets were collected and analyzed. The collected data were captured from nine locations for each test bed at four time intervals. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) was used as the main attribute for signal measurement to process the captured data. Results of the data analysis performed are studied under four main categories: duration, number of tags, locations of tags and metal interference. The best duration was found to be the 15 second in the test bed with the least number of tags; as the short amount of time to capture data did not allow creation of a lot of interference among the emitted signals. Within each test bed, errors occurred most at points where the received signals were not well distributed in a 360 degree vicinity of the data capturing point. It means that the center point of each test bed resulted in lowest errors and the points located on the extremities led to the highest errors. Finally, metal objects were found to have major impact on the accuracy of the captured data; to the level where reliable values for errors could not be calculated in the test beds attached to metal objects. In summary, the results of the experimental study and related findings are expected to provide guidelines to the users of RFID technology for localization in building construction.

Aug 1, 2013

By E. Gaucher, M. St-Amant

"Among the electromagnetic surveys performed by SOQUEM in the last three years, a certain number of the more instructive cases have been chosen to illustrate the theory of electromagnetism by field examples of: (a) The depth penetration of the TURAM as compared to the SLINGRAM (Ronka) method. (b) The limitations of the TURAM as compared to the SLINGRAM method when a conductor dips the wrong way, or when it is small in size. (c) The expression of a shallow-dipping conductor in a SLINGRAM survey. (d) The effect on the SLINGRAM survey of deep ditches or reef structures.(e) A comparison between the CRONE and the SLING-RAM method in the Abitibi clay belt, by means of field and model studies, indicating a usually better signal-to-noise ratio for the SLINGRAM method. From the above and from other experiments, different electromagnetic methods are now being used by SOQUEM, depending on field conditions."

Jan 1, 1970

By L. Yuan, J. Qin, J. Xie, Q. D. Qu, Y. P. Liang

"This paper presents key outcomes of a major Asia-Pacific Partnership project between the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation and Huainan Mining Industry Group Co. Ltd. to develop and demonstrate advanced technologies at Pansan mine, Huainan, China. A comprehensive approach assessed fundamental strata and coal seam methane conditions during mining and optimized mining sequences and coal mine methane capture systems. The project demonstrated a practical approach and procedures for advanced coal and methane co-extraction systems, improved mining safety and efficiency, increased methane capture and use, and reduced fugitive methane emissions.RÉSUMÉ Le présent article donne les principaux résultats d’un grand projet de partenariat Asie- Pacifique entre le CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) [Organisation de recherche scientifique et industrielle du Commonwealth australien] et le Huainan Mining Industry Group Co. Ltd.; ce projet cherche à développer et à démontrer des technologies avancées à la mine Pansan, à Huainan, en Chine. Une perspective globale a évalué les conditions fondamentales des strates et du méthane dans les couches de charbon durant l’exploitation et a optimisé les séquences d’extraction et les systèmes de captage du méthane dans les mines de charbon. Le projet a permis de démontrer une approche pratique et des procédures pour des systèmes avancés d’extraction conjointe du charbon et du méthane, pour améliorer la sécurité et l’efficacité minières, accroître le captage et l’utilisation du méthane et réduire les émissions fugitives de méthane."

Jan 1, 2015

By G. A. McGuffin

"IntroductionWITH the increase in quantity of sour gas reserves in the Province of Alberta, and the wider market for sulphur brought about by mounting world demand and restrictions placed on the principal supply, it was inevitable that this important source of sulphur would be .developed. In the light of these facts, it seems timely that a general paper on sulphur recovery from petroleum gases be presented. This, then, is the purpose of the following text. A short discussion of each of the following subjects is presented:(1) Properties and uses of sulphur(2) Existing sources(3) Market research(4) The recovery process in Turner Valley(5) Hazards of sulphur productionNo pretext of originality of material is made since innumerable reports have been prepared on this and related topics and information contained in these has been used quite liberally.Properties and uses of SulphurSulphur is a non-metallic element having an atomic weight of 32.06. The stable crystalline form at atmospheric temperature is referred to as 'rhombic' sulphur. It is bright yellow and has a specific gravity of 2.05, equivalent to 129.2 lb./cu. Ft. Above 204°F. sulphur has another stable crystalline form, referred to as 'monoclinic'. This is reddish-brown and is slightly less dense than the rhombic variety (122.4 lb./cu. Ft.). Sulphur in bulk form weighs 84 to 90 lb. per cu. Ft. Sulphur melts at approximately 240°F. to a straw coloured liquid which is quite viscous."

Jan 1, 1952

By S. A. Briggs

Bioremediation has been accepted as a treatment technique for groundwater contamination in subsurface soils and shows promise for contaminated fractured rock environments. Biological growth in fractured rock is expected to occur predominantly as biofilms attach to the fracture surfaces. Biofilms in rock fractures are subject to a complex system of forces and other phenomenon due to the dynamics of the bulk fluid in which they grow. In this paper, through the applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to rock fractures, where the boundaries are rough and the flow is complex, a precise analysis was conducted of the interaction of a fluid flow and the rock fracture. Specifically, hydraulic parameters and velocity profiles of an actual rock fracture were calculated and compared to a fracture of equivalent aperture. From the analysis it is clear that it is important to use more complex models such as the Lattice Boltzmann Method used is this paper to describe fracture flow.

May 1, 2009

By M. L. Trépanier

"Engineering and technical services are supplied by the Engineering Department, located at Thetford Mines, Quebec, approximately 60 miles southwest of Quebec City. The department serves the three operating mines in the Thetford area, the Asbestos Hill mine at Putuniq, Nouveau Quebec, and the Nordenham plant at Nordenham, West Germany. The Engineering Department is responsible for supplying the following services. 1. Administration and coordination of capital projects. 2. Engineering, design and drafting services for in-plant changes or improvements. 3. Preparation of geological plans for mine planning and ore reserves determinations. 4. Short-, medium- and long-term mining plans. 5. Rock mechanics studies and monitoring. 6. Grade control monitoring. 7. Environmental control engineering and construction. Details of the organization and services rendered will be the basis of the paper."

Jan 1, 1976

By A. Flemming

"As the next century draws near, new mine properties must be brought into production to replace existing operations that are approaching their economic life. This paper presents some of the critical technical issues being addressed by Manalta Coal Ltd. as they strive to bring the Telkwa Coal Project near Smithers, BC into production during the year 2000. The mine is planned to produce between 1.0 to 1.5 million tonnes per year of medium volatile coal for export to overseas thermal and PCI markets. IntroductionManalta Coal Ltd. (Manalta) is proposing the development and operation of a surface coal mine and associated infrastructure approximately six kilometres southwest of the village of Telkwa, British Columbia (Fig. 1). The infrastructure consists of a coal washing facility, tailings disposal area, clean coal haul road, access road and rail loadout facility. Over a 25-year period, the mine is expected to produce between 25 and 37 million clean tonnes of coal primarily for the export market.To achieve public and governmental approval for the development, the project will be reviewed under British Columbia’s Environmental Assessment Act. Manalta entered the formal Assessment process in February 1, 1997 with the submission of an Application for a Project Approval Certificate for the Telkwa Coal Project."

Jan 1, 1997

By K. H. Poulsen, C. J. . Hodgson

Synvolcanic, layered gabbro-anorthosite sills at Rainy Lake, Northwestern Ontario, reflect a combination of igneous processes including fractional crystallization, wall rock assimilation and possibly liquid immiscibility. Chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite mineralization at the base of the Grassy Portage intrusion accumulated by crystallization of a sulphide liquid during cooling. Upward enrichment of Fe and Ti in this intrusion and also in the Bad Vermilion Lake anorthosite complex culminated with the crystallization of lenses of disseminated to massive magnetite+ apatite+ ilmenite+ rutile. Regional low to medium grade metamorphism and accompanying deformation resulted in recrystallization and local remobilization of ore minerals.

Jan 1, 1984

By H. H. Bleakney

THIS paper presents evidence that in 3 1/2% nickel steel, the published temperature for the Ac1 transformation, l,275°F., represents the completion of that transformation, and that its inception occurs approximately 275°F. lower, at about l,000°F. The formation of austenite within this range, especially at the higher temperatures, and its subsequent decomposition to martensite, results in considerable impairment of the properties of the steel. That the solid solution found to occur below l,275°F. is austenite has been questioned, but the evidence herewith presented, while not decisive, appears to be reasonably convincing. INTRODUCTION The February, 1939, issue of Metals Technology contains a very interesting paper by I. N. Zavarine, Associate Professor of Metallurgical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In that paper, Professor Zavarine presented photomicrographs illustrative of the microstructures produced by heating nickel steels to a temperature slightly below the carbon change point, and holding them at that temperature for various lengths of time. His illustrations show that the structures found after such treatment do not consist merely of ferrite and carbides, but are characterized by the presence of a third phase, which he describes as a' 'sub-critical solid solution'. The occurrence of this third phase in increasing amounts is accompanied by an increase in strength and a loss of ductility and impairment of elastic ratio of the steel. Some years ago, one of the authors encountered the above-mentioned phenomenon in treating large forgings of 3.5% nickel steel. After normalizing and then drawing at l,250°F., very poor mechanical properties were obtained. Investigation of the steel disclosed no inferiority in quality. Eventually, after considerable waste of time and money, a draw temperature of l,150°F. was tried. This treatment resulted in a very great increase in elastic ratio, over 5 per cent increase in percentage elongation, and proportionate improvement in reduction of area.

Jan 1, 1941

By O. J. Restrepo-Baena, L. Rojas-Mendoza

Gold losses must be controlled during extracting processes, especially during cyanidation. Otherwise recovery decreases and therefore the profitability of projects too. One of the phenomena that generate such losses is known as preg-robbing which occurs when some mineral constituent adsorbs aurocyanide complex from a cyanide solution. There are some laboratory methods to identify potential preg-robbing in gold ores, highlighting the PRP method, the BGMI test, and cyanidation tests by conventional agitation without activated carbon (BRP) and with activated carbon (CIL). For this study we performed an initial characterization of a sample from Antioquia - Colombia and then we carried out the methods described above in order to identify the presence of carbonaceous matter. We obtained a percentage of preg-robbing of 78.7% by applying the BGMI test; the preg-robbing potential by the PRP method was 97.9% with an extraction of 0.77% and an inferred recovery of 36.6% if preg-robbing did not occur. Finally we obtained under the BRT test a recovery of 0%, while for CIL test an extraction of 33.6% what confirmed the presence of preg-robbers agents in the gold ore. We conducted all tests in the Institute of Minerals - CIMEX at Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Medellin.

Jan 1, 2014

By J. C. White

This paper, after a brief introduction giving the history and geology of the area, deals with mining operations at the Copper Mountain mine of Gaspe Copper Mines, Limited. It discusses development operations, and then goes into the mining methods employed, covering drilling, grade control, blasting practice, loading and hauling, and the road and service machines used.

Jan 1, 1969

By Hong-wei Ma

With social development and technological advancement, mine rescue robots used in complex environments have developed as a research hotspot. This paper reviews the progress of research on coal mine rescue robots, and key technologies of rescue robot design are put forward, such as mechanical structure, self-navigation and self-orientation, multi-sensor information fusion, multi-robot cooperation, and wireless communication technology.

Aug 1, 2013

By Phillip Mackey, Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari

L'industrie du cuivre traverse une période passionnante, marquée par une forte demande, de bons prix et l'ouverture de nouvelles grandes installations. L'année 2022 a battu des records de production de cuivre, ce qui laisse entrevoir un potentiel de croissance supplémentaire. De grands projets sont en cours, comme la technologie Double Flash à Manyar, en Indonésie, qui peut produire plus de 500 000 tonnes de cuivre par an. À Munda, en Inde, on a construit la plus grande usine de cuivre du monde, qui produit plus de 1 000 000 tonnes de cuivre par an en combinant deux phases. De plus, l’installation de cellules de flottation de dernière génération au Mexique, au Chili et dans d'autres pays témoignent de la volonté de l'entreprise d'utiliser les technologies les plus récentes [1]. L'importance du cuivre dans la transition énergétique est évidente, l'accent étant mis à la fois sur la croissance et sur la protection de l'environnement. Cela se traduit par le développement d'usines de premier ordre dédiées aux pratiques durables.

May 2, 2024

By Ken G. Kress

Syphons can be a simple, reliable and proven alternative to otherwise more complex pumping systems or low level outlet works. In a simple form they consist of a pipeline constructed over the top of an embankment or high topographic feature, connecting a source pond to a receiving pond or channel (see Photograph 1). The syphon action is initiated by removing air from the pipeline (priming) using simple devices which can be purchased ?off the shelf?. Once primed, the syphon flow rate can be controlled or stopped using conventional gate, valve, orifice plate or other devices. Repriming is not required even if the flow is stopped, provided the syphon is not drained. A limiting factor in considering a syphon as a design option is the maximum lift (i.e., vertical distance from source pond level to summit of syphon) which is approximately 9 metres, or less, dependent on syphon pipe features and site conditions. Pipeline syphons can be quickly constructed from readily available materials including steel, polyethylene and PVC pipe. They are particularly well suited to many of the unique conditions often encountered at minesites. This paper identifies situations that can sometimes be best resolved using pipeline syphons. It provides basic principles for pipeline syphon design and includes case histories of their successful application.

May 1, 2001

By H. C. Cooke

"The Eustis mine, which was discovered in 1865, lies about 6 miles southwest of the city of Sherbrooke, Quebec, in lots 2, 3, and 4, range 9, Ascot tp. The mine was operated almost continuously from 1865 to 1937, under vanous owners.The ore was pyrite with varying amounts of chalcopyrite, a small amount of zinc blende and galena, and a low content in gold and silver. Parts of it ran quite high in copper, but the mine average would probably have been between 3 and 4 per cent. The high percentage of pyrite made it profitable to separate the ore into a copper concentrate and a pyrite concentrate. The latter was shipped away for manufacturing sulphuric acid, or was treated in a plant erected in 1887 at Capelton by the Nichols Chemical Company.The ore is a replacement of mica schist, which in turn was formed by the shearing of rhyolite flows. Ore also replaces the 'green rock', a term locally applied to carbonatized mica schists. The ore contained numerous 'horses' and smaller fragments of country rock, in all stages of replacement, ranging from those whose character was quite distinct to those whose ancestry could only be detected by an indefinite banding preserved in the sulphides."

Jan 1, 1954

By Jodi Wilding, Barry Lurnsden

The implementation of new technology to mineral separation operations requires rigorous testing to confirm the technology&apos;s technical and economic benefit. The Jaguar Mine owned by Jabiru Metals is located in Western Australia and sequentially separates a copper concentrate and then a zinc concentrate. Fine grinding (80% of zinc in tail is <25µm) is required to achieve efficient mineral separation. All mineral losses are therefore fine mineral losses, and so improvements in metal recovery must focus on this fine mineral. Magnetic aggregation technology has been shown to increase the recovery of fine paramagnetic minerals so it was an appropriate technology to evaluate at Jaguar. Testwork commenced in the copper circuit and it was found that there was a substantial reduction in copper in copper tail and an increase in zinc recovery to the zinc concentrate. The increase in zinc recovery in the latter zinc circuit was an interesting result and initiated the second stage of testwork that was to install and test a second magnetic conditioning unit in the zinc círcuit. This showed a further increase in zinc recovery. Magnetic conditioning technology has now been fully evaluated in the plant and is now part of the Jaguar flowsheet.

Jan 1, 2011

By R. J. Chase, C. Davies

"The Merelani graphite-tanzanite deposit is located in northeast Tanzania, 14 kilometers south of Kilimajaro International Airport and in close proximity to the towns of Moshi and Arusha. The graphite mineralization is hosted by relatively undeformed linear Proterozoic metasedimentary gneisses, several of which have been subjected to hydrothermal alteration resulting in tanzanite mineralization. Exploration work comprised detailed geological mapping coupled with pit and trench channel sampling and a subsequent 1500 meters of diamond drilling. In addition, metallurgical tests have shown the graphite to be of unusually coarse flake size, crystallinity and high purity.Feasability studies have shown the economic viability of a major coarse flake graphite deposit with the measured resource to 50 meters in excess of 9 million tonnes assaying over 85 graphitic carbon. Production is due to start by the end of the first quarter of 1994 with the processing plant design capacity initially set at 15 000 tonnes per annum.In addition to graphite production, tanzanite will be produced through selective mining within the graphite open pit in the upper horizon and from underground workings within the lower horizon.The Merelani graphite-tanzanite deposit will be the first major orebody to be exploited through means of private funding since Tanzania gained independence"

Jan 1, 1994

By J. E. Hawley, R. C. Hart

"The Preston East Dome gold mine is in the southeastern part of Porcupine district, Ontario, 5 miles southeast of Timmins, and immediately south of the property of Dome Mines, Limited.The claims now owned by this Company were originally staked in 1909. After the property had remained dormant for many years, the present Company was organized in 1936 to resume development operations. Two shafts had been sunk: at the time of the early work on the claims, but lateral work from these failed to reach the ore deposits. A successful diamond drilling campaign undertaken under the direction of D. G. H. Wright, however, was followed by the sinking of a five-compartment shaft arid the erection of a mill. From the start of operations to the end of 1944, 1,292,000 tons of ore averaging $11.60 in gold a ton have been mined.An outstanding feature in this mine is the occurrence of the major gold deposits in quartz porphyry intrusives, though minor deposits are also found in the adjacent Keewatin volcanics. Most of the ore occurs in fractures, but the filling was accompanied by varying degrees of replacement of schistose wall-rocks. The ore deposits may be classified as:"

Jan 1, 1954

By J. Keith Haddock

"The Luscar Mine is a metallurgical coal mine located in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies, 41 km southeast of Hinton, Alberta. The mine is operated by Cardinal River Coals Ltd., a 50/50 joint venture between Luscar Ltd. and Consolidation Coal Company of Canada. The mine produces a high quality medium volatile metallurgical coal which is sold on the export market principally to Japan and South Korea. Operations consist of a surface mine with capacity to produce 3.0 million tonnes per year and an underground mine which is currently mothballed due to market conditions.GeologyBedrock units within the Luscar minesite are of Devonian to Upper Cretaceous age. The commercial coal measures in the area are, however, confined within the Lower Luscar Formation. The Luscar Formation consists of a 460-metre thick sequence of interbedded sandstones, shales and coal seams. The sequence is primarily deltaic in origin, and is bounded to the north and south at the Luscar mine by tectonically induced thrust faulting.The only mineable coal seam at Luscar is referred to locally as the Jewel seam. Average thickness of this coal measure is usually 10.5 m to 14 m, although in some areas folding and faulting has produced ""pods"" of coal from 15 m to over 40 m thick while in others the structural deformation has thinned the coal to 3.0 m to 4.6 m. Waste within the Jewel seam seldom exceeds a metre of shale, carbonaceous shale or infrequent sandstone stringers.Reserves and Coal QualityProven surface mineable reserves, based on pit scheduling through 1996, are 50.8 million raw tonnes. An additional 19.2 million raw tonnes are contained in possible extensions to the present planned operations. These surface mineable reserves are considered to be those reserves within 155 m of the surface. Underground reserves, located within 770 m of the surface show that 25.7 million raw tonnes have been proven to date in additon to 27 .5 million indicated and 260 miIJion inferred.Coal specification at Luscar Mine is as follows:"

Jan 1, 1985

By L. K. Daneshmend

Key issues in managing information systems in the minerals industry will likely continue to be those relating to the integration and interoperability of disparate systems. This paper argues that, in order to harness the promised benefits of information technologies, the mining industry should adopt a set of open systems standards to define data formats and protocols for seamless data exchange. This is in direct contrast to the present situation where mining equipment, software and instrument suppliers rigidly adhere to proprietary standards for fear of losing competitive advantage. Benefits to the mining sector resulting from the adoption of such standards would be: the provision of near-time data for executive decision support, and the freedom to choose best technologies. The principal benefits to the leading mining software suppliers will be increased market share as a result of “captive sites” converting to open systems standards. Examples are given of open systems standards developed for related industries such as the Petroleum Open Systems Corporation (POSC) and the Machinery Information Management Open Systems Alliance (MIMOSA).

Jan 1, 2000