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Jan 1, 1999

By JOHN HOMER, Jacob L. Carr, Jonathan K. Hrica, Kathleen M. Stabryla, Iman Benbourenane, Jennica L. Bellanca

Given the recent focus on powered haulage incidents within the US mining sector, an appraisal of collision avoidance/warning systems (CXSs) through the lens of the available research literature is timely. This paper describes a rapid review that identifies, characterizes, and classifies the research literature to evaluate the maturity of CXS technology through the application of a Technology Readiness Assessment. Systematic search methods were applied to three electronic databases, and relevant articles were identified through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixty-four articles from 2000 to 2020 met these criteria and were categorized into seven CXS technology categories. Review and assessment of the articles indicates that much of the literature-based evidence for CXS technology lies within lower levels of maturity (i.e., components and prototypes tested under laboratory conditions and in relevant environments). However, less evidence exists for CXS technology at higher levels of maturity (i.e., complete systems evaluated within operational environments) despite the existence of commercial products in the marketplace. This lack of evidence at higher maturity levels within the scientific literature highlights the need for systematic peer-reviewed research to evaluate the performance of CXS technologies and demonstrate the efficacy of prototypes or commercial products, which could be fostered by more collaboration between academia, research institutions, manufacturers, and mining companies. Additionally, results of the review reveal that most of the literature relevant to CXS technologies is focused on vehicle-to-vehicle interactions. However, this contrasts with haul truck fatal accident statistics that indicate that most haul truck fatal accidents are due to vehicle-to-environment interactions (e.g., traveling through a berm). Lastly, the relatively small amount of literature and segmented nature of the included studies suggests that there is a need for incremental progress or more stepwise research that would facilitate the improvement of CXS technologies over time. This progression over time could be achieved through continued long-term interest and support for CXS technology research.

Jun 17, 2022

By D. DeGagne, E. De Souza, J. F. Archibald

This paper describes the potential use of anew agent material for backfill consolidation, ground waste glass, to be used as partial replacement of Portland cement fractions within backfill. Significant fractions of commercial and residential silica glass production is currently utilized as waste landfill and must be disposed of at high cost and with no foreseeable environ-mental benefit. This paper also demonstrates that waste glass materials could be effectively recycled as backfill additives, and that a significant, large and stable source of additive supply, currently land filled, can be developed. This new application will generate added value for such materials, serve to promote positive environ-mental stewardship and satisfy engineering sup-port requirements in mines.

Jan 1, 1997

By Daniel R. Walton

A study to explore the potential of utilizing the transport time required to move coal miners to and from the working sections. Consideration was given to all forms of training and presentation media, taking into account such environmental factors as noise, dynamic interferences, visibility, physical constraints, and contaminants. Indications of managements? and workers' attitudes toward man-trip training were also assessed. The final product was a proposed prototype training system for man-trip training. Includes Bibliography.

Jan 1, 1979

By Derek Ellis

Volume II of this two-part series on Submarine Tailings Disposal (STD) as a tailings management option for coastal and island mines contains descriptions of lesser known case histories. The Misima gold mine (Papua New Guinea) and the Black Angel lead-zinc mine (Greenland) are described in some detail as the best documented cases. Atlas copper mine (The Philippines) is less fully described due to relative lack of documentation. The Misima and Atlas STD systems are working to their design criteria. At Black Angel the system adopted did not prevent contamination for a number of reasons, which are now understood. Two cases are described where STD is being developed. They are the Cayeli Bakir copper mine Turkey), and the Toquepala and Cuajone mines (Peru). There is excellent documentation available for both cases. Three case histories are described where tailings have reached the sea either through beach or river discharge. In one case the STD option has been explored (Marcopper Mine, The Philippines). In the others we explore in hindsight whether STD might have been a viable alternative using the Screening Criteria that this Volume develops - see below. The mines are Bougainville Copper Mine in Papua New Guinea, and Jordan River Mine (Canada). There is potential for STD at all three sites. Finally, the Volume presents Screening Criteria for appraising STD, based on the experience in design, operation and environmental impact reviewed in the case histories.

Jan 1, 1994

The 105th Annual General Meeting of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy was held in the J.C. Lemmer Auditorium, SA National Museum of Military History, 22Erlswold Way, Saxonwold, Johannesburg on Thursday, 8thAugust, 2002. Welcome The President extended a special welcome to the guests and representatives of our sister institutes and other associations. Also to recipients of awards, senior members of industry, Honorary Life Fellows, Past-presidents, our Members and other guests, among them the following: Mzolisi Diliza, Chief Executive, Chamber of Mines of South Africa Dawie van Wyk and Rod Tucker, Vice-presidents, The Geological Society of South Africa Vaughan Townsend, President, Institute of Certificated Mechanical and Electrical Engineers, South Africa Karel Landman, President, Institute of Mine Surveyors of South Africa Frik Grobbelaar, South African Colliery Managers? Association Pierre Ballot, President, South African Institute of Electrical Engineers Trueman Goba, President, South African Institution of Civil Engineers

Jan 1, 2002

By L. C. Brichta

The Canyon Diggings zinc-lead deposit is in an area of structural deformation of sedimentary rooks in Newton County, Mo., 14 miles southeast of Joplin, within the southern limits of the Tri-State district. Mining and milling on the several tracts covering the area had been carried on sporadically since 1900, and incomplete records show a production of 1,341 tonsof zinc and lead concentrates. On the northern part of the deposit the predominant metal is which occurs as galena, cerrusite, and pyromorphite in broken chert near the surface. On the southern part, lead is subordinate to zinc, which occurs mainly as carbonate and silicate minerals in brecciated chert to a maximum depth of about 150 feet. Analyses of samples from Bureau of Mines drilling indicate that approximately 77 percent of the zinc and 50 percent of trio lead i8 in nonsulfide minerals resulting from the oxidation of sphalerite and galena. Between August 12, 1948, and October 5, 1949, the Bureau of Mines investigated the deposit by churn drilling and sampling 85 holes aggregating 10,571 feet of bore and sampling two mill-tailings dumps and three mine dumps. Factual data on the investigation and the logs of Bureau of Mines drill holes are presented in this report.

Jan 1, 1950

By Flavio Rojos-Tapia, Samuel Sánchez-Pino, Marcelo Fernández-García, Samuel Sánchez-Baquedano, Rainer M. Imhof

"Pneumatic flotation was introduced to the Chilean copper mining industry in 1993 by Ingeniería de Minerales S.A., being implementation in 1994/95. The technology is based on the designs and development of Dr. Rainer Imhof from Germany and from Chilean copper processing experience.Pneumatic flotation has been successfully used for sulphide and oxide copper minerals and copper slag, iron ores (reverse flotation), gold and promising results with molybdenum as product. Extremely hard conditions were applied in flotation process such as roughing, cleaning, scavenging. Pneumatic flotation can be applied for any type of mineral which has to be separated by flotation. Even very dense and heavy slurries can be processed, the range of the particle sizes to be collected is very wide, and the number of cleaning stages needed normally is one in our experience until now.The good performance of the technique can be explained by the high gas hold-up and the very effective micro-turbulences which boosts the attachment to the bubbles changing dramatically the flotation time concept. Some economic high lights are: less energy consumption, less maintenance costs, simple and reliable to operate and it is required a small area to install the circuits.As a result of the Chilean mining industry experience, it can be concluded that the pneumatic flotation can be regarded as an excellent alternative to the conventional way of Mineral Processing.INTRODUCTIONDerived from seventies, works in Germany about pneumatic flotation with Prof. Simonis (Technical University of Berlin) and Prof. Bahr (Technical University of Clausthal), it has been developed an interesting flotation technology in Mineral Processing, with the designs developed by Dr. Rainer Imhof, who has been known for more than ten years (Imhof, 1998) by his contribution at Ekof, KHD, Allmineral and the actual company Maelgwyn Mineral Services where he is a Technical Director. Ingeniería de Minerales S.A. has been working ten years deeply involved with the technology developed by Dr. Imhof and is more than ten years experienced with pneumatic flotation, from Wits University and Mintek in South Africa (Sánchez, 1990), (Sánchez, 1990)."

Jan 1, 2003

By R. S. Dean

In general, the Division conducts investigations relating to the treatment of ores and metallurgical products from the condition to which they are mined to the refined metal. At the object of conserving natural resources and eliminating waste by furnishing information on current methods of metallurgical practice making fig fundamental studies of metallurgical processes and developing new processes and alloys to the point of demonstrating their or value. Office of the Chief Engineer The functions of the technical units of the Office of the Chief Engineer are indicates

Jan 1, 1941

By F. Hassani, R. Mikaeil, B. Ferdowsi

Two analytical solutions for estimating the ovaling deformation and forces in circular tunnels are widely used in engineering practice, due to soil-structure interaction under seismic loading. This paper discusses the discrepancy between the two analytical and finite difference methods. A comparison of the two analytical methods shows that the calculated forces and displacements are identical for the condition of full-slip between the tunnel lining and ground. However, the calculated lining thrusts differ by an order of magnitude when considering no-slip between the tunnel lining and the ground. The analytical solutions are compared to numerical analyses of the no-slip condition using the finite difference method to validate which of the two methods provide the correct method. To achieve the goal, numerical modelling, field data of the Kuhin railway tunnel and Manjil earthquake characteristics are used. Numerical analysis results agree with one of the analytical solutions that provides a higher estimate of the thrust on the tunnel lining, thus highlighting the limitation of the other analytical solution.

Jan 1, 2008

By R. S. Dean

[In E;encralt the I~8:al:ul',~,C,-J. Div:'sion conducts in\'8stigations relat-ing to the treatment of OrGR o.nd L!\3tallurl..'"lcal prod tctR froJ] t~e condi tion in :hich they are Itinod to t!1e refi!l(,u r.etal, . ' th 'the ob,icct of conserving natmal' resources .e..nd 81:mir..3.tin~ wacte by furn.i:::hir..g :nforInf'_tiou on current methods of metal11:.rgical practice, Tfu'..:.kir..g fund T!l;ntal .;;.otudie'" of metal-lurgical processe~, and de~eloping ~e~ proc6sses O~Q lloys to the point of dewonctrati:r:g the:'..r practicab'lity or va.lue}

Jan 1, 1941

By Gordon R. Sima

This contract is concerned with feasibility studies, design and fabrication of a prototype hand-held test instrument and a machine-mounted test Instrument for measurement of electrical shock hazards of mining machines. This report presents the proposed and detailed design of the hand-held test instrument and the machine-mounted test instrument. Theory of operation of each instrument is discussed and includes the operating parameters.

Jan 1, 1976

By M. G. Wallis

This report presents the results of a study to develop a detailed mining method design based on longwall mining with sublevel caving. The method is applicable to low-dipping coal seams 20 or more feet thick such as are found in the western United States. The report covers (1) the development and description of the mining method, (2) evaluation of the engineering feasibility of the design, (3) estimates of productivity and recovery, and (4) an engineering cost analysis and economic feasibility evaluation of the mining method design.

Jan 1, 1977

By Mark Fernald, Christian O’Keefe, John Viega

"In this presentation, the SONARtrac™ technology platform will be described. CiDRA's proprietary clamp-on, passive sonar array-based flow meter technology performs two independent measurements – flow rate and fluid characterization. Firstly, the meter provides the volumetric flow rate of the mixture by measuring the speed at which naturally occurring turbulent structures convect with the flow past an axial array of sensors. Secondly, the meter uses similar sonar-based processing techniques and naturally occurring sound in the process fluid to measure entrained air levels. The result is a unique ability to measure the flow rate and entrained air level of most fluids – clean liquids, high solids content slurries, and liquids and slurries with entrained air.Also to be presented is the application of the sonar-based technology platform in a variety of oil sands processes, hydrotransport, and minerals beneficiation applications. In particular, difficult slurry flow measurement and control in the areas of comminution and flotation such as mill discharge, hydrocyclone feed/overflow, final concentrate, thickener discharge, and tailings will be discussed. In addition new real time maintenance free process measurement capability will be presented in the areas of entrained air in slurry, collection zone gas holdup (?g), and slurry velocity profiling. The operational advantages and value of these measurements, even in the presence of scale buildup, will be discussed.INTRODUCTIONFlow measurements in the mineral processing and oil sands industry suffer from the limitations placed by previously available flowmeters including the commonly used instruments such as ultrasonic meters, magmeters, turbine meters, orifice plate meters, vortex flow meters, Coriolis flow meters, and venturi meters. The desire or requirement to make a non-contact measurement that is accurate and robust, and can be performed on practically any type of fluid within practically any type of pipe has driven the creation of a new class of flowmeters. This new class of flowmeter technology utilizes sonar-based processing algorithms and an array of passive sensors to measure not only flow, but also fluid composition."

Jan 1, 2007

By R. Poulin, C. F. Gleeson

The Birimian rocks of the region are gold-bearing and show many similarities to those of Burkina Faso. All three greenstone belts (Goroual, Tera and Sirba) host gold-bearing quartz veins. It appears that, contrary to previous misconceptions, lateritic terrain is not an unfavourable environment for exploration geochemistry. This is demonstrated by the results for the Koma Bangou area, where soil and termite-mound geochemistry have been successfully used in the search for gold. Soil provides an effective sampling medium where it is shallower than about 2 m; there is evidence that some soil anomalies are enhanced by the presence of secondary (botryoidal) gold. In areas of thicker, allochthonous soil cover, termite-mound sampling is more effective. At Koma Bangou an identified resource of some 11 100 000 tonnes with an average gold grade of 2.44 g/t has been reported. The gold mineralisation occurs in quartz veins and stockworks aand in the wallrocks of shear and fault zones that trend N, NW and NE. The host rocks are a granodiorite-syenite porphyry and intermediate metavolcanic rocks and tuffs

Apr 1, 1996

By Paul G. Swanson

This investigation was conducted to identify the principle causes of spoil instability problems in the Eastern Coal Province. The study was also conducted to develop a matrix to predict the strength and groundwater parameters necessary to conduct stability analyses on a proposed reclamation scheme. Suggestive methods to reduce spoil instability potential are also included. Numerous physical property, strength, compressibility, chemical and mineralogical tests were conducted on mine spoil samples obtained from 11 different surface mine sites. Site characteristics that influence the position of the post reclamation groundwater table were identified. Distinct regions within the Eastern Coal Province with high incidences of surface mine slides or high landslide susceptibility were identified. The application of the predictive matrices developed in this study is for surface mine sites mined and reclaimed in general accordance with the Surface Mine Reclamation Control Act of 1977. A review of current mining practices and the relative effect on spoil stability is included.

Jan 1, 1983

By Richard E. Thill

Elastic wave velocities and moduli were determined by both the pulse and resonance methods in a large number of specimens of St. Cloud Gray Granodiorite and Tennessee marble under the same moisture, temperature, and stress environment. Long cylinders were first tested by the resonance method to obtain longitudinal bar and torsional wave velocity. The cylinders were then sectioned in half and tested by the pulse method to obtain the transient pulse velocity. These velocities were later used to obtain various moduli for comparison. Statistical comparisons between the Young's, shear, and bulk moduli and Poisson's ratios obtained independently by the pulse and resonance methods indicate that the methods do not give equivalent results in nearly isotropic rock. The amount of difference varies for each modulus, with the least difference (less than 5 pct) occurring in the shear modulus and the greatest difference (as high as 34 pct) in the bulk modulus. Moduli determinations in aluminum show much closer agreement between the pulse and resonance methods than in rock. The discrepancy in pulse and resonance results probably is caused by frequency dispersion effects and by differences in error sensitivity in the various formulas used to calculate the moduli.

Jan 1, 1974

By E. Roman, M. Brissette

"For its end of life, Kemess Mine processed its difficult-to-treat hypogene ore from the east pit, which is a lower grade copper and higher pyrite content gold ore. Metallurgical testwork showed that improvement was possible with finer grinding. In July 2010, small grinding media were introduced into the regrind mill resulting to a nearly 50% decrease of the power draw with a finer grind, an increase of 1.1% in the final copper grade, an increase of 1.2% in copper and 2.9% in gold recoveries at the cleaners. The overall recoveries of copper and gold increased by 0.6% and 1.3% respectively.INTRODUCTION Kemess Mine was located at 430 km North West of Prince George in North Central British Colombia. Its production started in May 1998 by Royal Oak Mines and was acquired by Northgate Exploration in 2000. Kemess reached its end of life production with its last of production on March 9th, 2011. The concentrator nominal capacity was 56,000 TPD consisting of a primary gyratory crusher feeding two identical conventional SAB circuits totalizing 35,840 kW available for grinding. Rougher flotation consists of four parallel rows of eight 130 m³ tank cells to produce a concentrate of 2% Cu and 6 gr/t Au which was pumped to a 5 m x 10.8 m regrind ball mill. The regrind installed power was 4,480 kW to generate a final grind of 80% passing 40 microns. This product fed the two stage cleaner flotation circuit, first stage being two parallel rows conventional 17 m³ Denver cells and second stage, two 3.3 m x 11.0 m flotation columns in series, designed and constructed by Kemess, to produce a 22% copper concentrate grade. The cleaner flotation middlings were returned back to the regrind mill (Froehling, Mohns, Roman & Grady, 2005; Froehling, Mohns, Rajwani & Fullam, 2007). The large copper-gold porphyry deposit was composed of 15% of oxidized supergene and leach cap ore and 85% of hypogene ore having three major alteration zones, mainly characterized by their sulphur/sulphide content. Chalcopyrite is the main copper mineral species with minor bornite. Gold was mainly present as free gold or electrum. The first alteration zone consisted of a phyllic alteration characterized by moderate and intense sericite alteration which had the highest mill throughput and twice the mine grade when in contact with the supergene horizon. The second zone consisted of a potassic alteration characterized by more competent groundmass and moderate to intense quartz stockwork which had a slightly lower mill throughput. Finally, a third alteration found beneath and on the east side of the deposit having almost no quartz stockwork and hardened groundmass, sulphide content is two to four times more. This zone had the lower mill throughput with significant drop in the mine average gold and copper grade. Through its mine life, the average life of mine copper head grade was 0.21% Cu and 0.64 gr/t Au. Head grades began to decrease from 2008 to be substantially lower in 2011 as shown in Table 1."

Jan 1, 2012

By R. K. Zipf

The sudden, violent collapse of large areas of room-and-pillar mines poses a special hazard for miners and mine operators. This type of failure, termed a cascading pillar failure, occurs when one pillar in the mine layout fails, transferring its load to neighbouring pillars and causing them to fail in succession. Recent examples of this kind of failure in coal, metal and non-metal mines in the USA are documented. Mining engineers can limit the danger presented by these failures through improved design practice. Whether failure occurs in a slow, non-violent manner or in a rapid, violent manner is governed by the local mine stiffness stability criterion. This is used as a basis for three design approaches to control cascading pillar failure: containment with barrier pillars during pillar splitting; prevention with panel pillars of high width-to-height ratio and small-centre mining; and full extraction by retreat mining

Jun 19, 1905

The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 limits to 2 milligrams per cubic meter (for dust containing a maximum of 5% quartz) the average respirable dust concentration to which individual miners may be exposed. Section 205 of the Act directs that an appropriate exposure formula for dusts with quartz content in excess of 5% be established. This formula, entered in F. R. Document 70-12351 filed September 16, 1970, is 10 milligrams per cubic meter divided by % quartz. Thus, the total respirable dust exposure permitted limits the quartz to a maximum of 100 micrograms. For example, if % quartz is 5%, 10 mg/5 = 2 milligrams, and (.05) (2 mg) = 100 micrograms. Similarly, if % quartz is 10%, 10/10 = 1, and (.10) (1 mg) = 100 micrograms, etc. If the % quartz is less than 5%, the 2 mg/M3 limit prevails.

Jan 1, 1974