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S. F. EMMONS RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP. The movement was started by a number of the friends and admirers of the late S. F. Emmons, Economic Geologist of the United States Geological Survey, to perpetuate his name through a fellowship to be known as the ?S. F. Emmons Research Fellowship," and they have succeeded in raising some $13,000 for the purpose of carrying on research work in economic geology. The Committee in charge of this Memorial Fund has succeeded in obtaining the co-operation of Professors Kemp, of Columbia, Irving, of Yale, and Lindgren, of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the administration of this fellowship. These three gentlemen are respectively geologists of the institutions mentioned and are exceptionally qualified to determine in what direction the fund can be best administered. It is hoped that additional contributions will be forthcoming from many who have heard of this movement. Subscriptions are invited and may be sent to any one of these gentlemen, or to Benjamin B. Lawrence, Treasurer, No. 60 Wall Street, New York City.

Jan 10, 1913

(This list includes only those who have entered military service within the past month, or whose entry has only recently become known to us; it also includes a few names of those whose titles or assignments have been changed within the month. The last complete list was printed in Bulletin No. 131, November, 1917. A complete Honor List is maintained in the reception room at the office of the Institute.) BANKS, HAROLD P., 2d Lieutenant, Ammunition Train, 2d Division, U. S. A. BARKER, L. M., Co. B., 62d Infantry. BENHAM, W. M., Sergeant, Co. H, 158th Infantry. BOUDWIN, WALKER J., Co. C., 25th Engineers, Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass. BOWLES, MARTIN F., 2d Lieutenant, Co. B., 355th Infantry. BURG, ROBERT S., Instrument Sergeant, Headquarters Co., 340th Field Artillery, N. A. CHALMERS, JOHN W. P.; Signal Depot, Royal Engineers. CHETNEY, P. C., Corporal, 340th Field Artillery, Headquarters Co. CLARK,. WILL L., Federal Fuel Administrator for Arizona. COFFEY, George W., Lieutenant, Engineer Section, Officers' Reserve Corps.

Jan 1, 1918

The suggestions of the members of the Institute are very much desired by-the Committee on Nominations prior to deciding upon its nominations to fill the places of those officers who retire early in 1917. The Committee must make its final report to the Board of Directors early ill October. The members are, therefore, -asked to send in promptly their suggestions for Directors as well as for Vice-Presidents and President. The Committee hopes to hear from a large number of the members. The officers to be elected at the annual meeting in February, 1917, are: One officer, known as Director and president. Two officers, known as Director and Vice-President. Five officers, known as Director. The attention of members is called to Articles V and VII of the Constitution, and to By-Law XIII, which reads as follows: "The geographical districts to be considered by the Committee on Nominations shall be as follows, until otherwise ordered by the Board. District No. 1. New England, New York, and New Jersey, excepting New York

Jan 9, 1916

Canadian owned Lake are carriers will be used again this year in an attempt to make up the deficit caused by the two months steel-strike. Buffalo mills need between 5 million and 6 million tons of ore before the Lakes navigation season ends. Mutual Security Program aid will help reactivate Austria's largest iron ore mine. The Erzberg development is one of the moat important in Europe. MSA announced approval of $500,000 in supplemental financing of equipment. Following the war, the Russians stripped the Erzberg and Radmar deposits of equipment. The he Carborundum Corp. is going to build a $2.44 million plant at Akron, NO.. TOP near Niagara Falls for production of rare metals used by the Atomic Energy Commission. A subsidiary, the Carborundum Metals Co., Inc.,, will produce zirconium, hafnium sponge metals. The pyrochlore rich Sukulu Hills in Eastern Uganda will be mined under a pool arrangement including Tinto Mines, Monsanto Chemicals and Frobisher Mines. The combine will be known as the Uganda Development Corp., Pyrochlore is used in the manufacture of heat-resisting. alloys for Jet engines.

Jan 1, 1952

IN the extra-mural service being built up by the Engineer-ing Societies Library as its finances permit, an occasional large total charge is incurred for exceptionally protracted services. A western steel company, for example; was charged the unusual fee of $500. They wanted complete informa-tion on transverse tests of steel, and asked the library to compile copies of all accessible records. Weeks -of search-ing and photoprinting produced three volumes of data. Two years afterward the company's chief engineer told the director of the library that the cost seemed high when the bill was paid but that the volumes had been in constant use. The information had been worth thousands of dollars. A client who wishes to pay no more than a moderate fee for services can state to what limit he is willing to go. Thus he may specify that he would like searches made on a particular subject but that he does not wish to exceed $5 or $30- for the information. The library is as willing to perform a small service as a large one.

Jan 3, 1928

Crushed limestone is now being "de-dusted" at the Warner Co. plant in Bellefonte, Pa., by a new high-efficiency classifier utilizing aerodynamic principles not previously employed in classifiers. Crushed limestone for certain glass industry requirements must not have more than 10 pct fines in the overall aggregate, and it is the function of the new-type classifier to separate these fines from the coarse material. During the development of this classifier by the Buell Engineering Co. of New York, it was found to have possible applications for separating pulverized coal, sintered metals, ores, mineral flours, and fillers, among other items. Limestone from Warner's deep mine is initially crushed and particles larger than 3/8-in. mesh are burned in kilns to provide calcium oxide for the chemical industry. The 3/8-in. screenings are dried and crushed to -16 mesh for use by the glass industry. For those applications requiring a minimum of fines, no more than 10 pct -100 mesh material is allowable in the end product. Hence the need for high-efficiency separation.

Jan 11, 1960

By F. M. Lewis, J. E. Goodman

TENNESSEE Copper Co. operates two ore concentrators, the London and Isabella mill. Copperhill, Tenn. In 1948 and 1949 the small ball mills and rake classifiers in the London concentrator were replaced by one large ball mill and one hydraulic classifier. This new ball mill was designed oversize so that it could be operated at slower than normal speed. The proper operating conditions were established and the results published.1 Later it was found that this mill operated more efficiently with a small ball charge.2 While this London grinding practice was being developed, the Isabella grinding circuit was not changed in any way. It remained a conventional two-stage rod mill-ball mill combination, the rod mill in open circuit and the ball mill in closed circuit with a rake classifier. Study of the data indicated that grinding cost could be lowered by converting to the London practice, but not enough would have been saved to warrant the expense of converting. No plan for improving this grinding operation could be developed.

Jan 11, 1957

Zinc is just now a very important metal. Its use in cartridges and shrapnel brass are in the public eye. But its uses after the war are no less important. Brass as an engineering material for electrical machin-ery, journal bearings, and plumbing fixtures takes fully 50 per cent. of the production, and its use in these lines would have been increased in the last few years but for the price. Its use for barbed wire is probably more in war time than in peace. In the composition of paints, it is becoming more and more necessary. One of the forms of pigment, litho- pone, is the base of nearly all interior wall paints; of all the sanitary enamels for bath-rooms and bath-tubs, and is now in great demand. Zinc oxide is also increasing in use for paint, and for manufacture of linoleum. When we realize that this district-Missouri, Oklahoma, Kansas and Arkansas-produces now over one-third of the zinc ore of the world, it is at once seen that a meeting where the geology, mining, concentration

Jan 6, 1917

By Charles F. Brush

THE compression of gases to a very high degree, for purposes of scientific research, has long presented serious difficulties to the physicist. Great advances have been made of late years in the construction of ordinary air or exhaust pumps, while very little has been done towards the improvement of compression pumps. The principal difficulties encountered in the construction of such apparatus are the existence of the so-called "dead space" in the pump barrels, leakage of the piston packings under high pressure, and the trouble arising from the unequal expansion of parts caused by the development of the latent heat of the gas during compression. Of these obstacles to success, the "dead space" is far the most serious, as it fixes a limit to the performance of the pump beyond which it is impossible to carry the compression. The writer having occasion, some time since, to make a series of investigations on gases very highly compressed, and finding no apparatus, or description of apparatus, adequate to produce the required

Jan 1, 1876

By H. Rumfelt

Surface excavators for mining coal and such non- metallic minerals as quarry stone, gypsum, phosphate and the like have advanced tremendously in the last 50 years, and their advancement has paralleled that of excavators used in the construction industry during the same period. Up to a certain stage, the construction industry led the way with this development and even pioneered in how the equipment was used. Afterwards, however, new mining machinery and related operating techniques progressed along a different path than their construction counterparts because of the different demands of the two industries. The word "stage" as used above quite generally connotes a transition period, possibly of several years' duration, during which mining development followed the construction industry. Later, mining branched out and responded to its own needs. Most readers are familiar with the events which led to the development of the power shovel. The first dredge was recorded as having been used in England in the latter 1700's and was no doubt developed along the lines of some notes written in the late 1400's by Leonardo da Vinci.

Jan 1, 1971

(Members are urged to send in for this column any notes of interest concerning themselves or their fellow-members.) Members and guests who registered at Institute headquarters during the period July 10 to Aug. 10, 1915: William H. Rettie, Yonkers, N. Y. Paul S. King, Wilmington, Del. A. J. Eveland, Pachuca, Mexico. E. E. R. Tratman, Chicago, 111. Chang Fu Wang, Shanghai, China. Courtenay Dekalb, Tucson, Ariz. F. H. Fovargue, Terlingua, Tex. Emil Gathmann, Baltimore, Md. W. W. Elmer, Tuttletown, Cal. Henry S. Drinker, E. M., LL. D., has just completed 10 years' service as President of Lehigh University. A notable gathering of alumni, with their wives and daughters, numbering more than 1,000 persons, met in South Bethlehem on June 5. In accordance with the request of Dr. Drinker, no formal celebration was held, but, nevertheless, a spontaneous and enthusiastic expression- of appreciation and affection was voiced by alumni, students and faculty, testifying to the regard felt for Dr. Drinker and extolling the progress made by the University under his guidance.

Jan 9, 1915

By Martin Coryell

This coal area, and the coal from a limited portion of it, has been known for a long time. In 1817, McClure prepared a geological map to represent the boundaries, and they are not controverted at the present date. In 1834, Richard C. Taylor made a survey and report on portions of the basin. In 1835, Prof. W. B. Rogers was appointed by the State of Virginia to make a geological survey, and made six annual reports in which this area was included; but the reports and maps were not published. R. C. Taylor's Statistics of Coal, published in 1855, gave to the public the details of exploration and production, to date, very perfectly and completely. Daddorw and Bannan's work, Coal, Iron, and Oil, published in 1866, repeated the details before given, and advanced some vague theories respecting the coal-field, but gave no new facts. Macfarlane's work, Coal Regions of America, published in 1873, under the head of " Triassic Coal," chapter 27, gives what is known from existing publications of the position, geology, and production of the field, making

By Martin Coryell

THIS coal area, and the coal from a limited portion of it, has been known for a long time. In 1817, McClure prepared a geological map to represent the boundaries, and they are not controverted at the present date. In 1834, Richard C. Taylor made a survey and report on portions of the basin. In 1835, Prof. W. B. Rogers was appointed by the State of Virginia to make a geological survey, and made six annual reports in which this area was included; but the re¬ports and maps were not published. R. C. Taylor's Statistics of Coal, published in 1855, gave to the public the details of exploration and production, to date, very perfectly and completely. Daddow and Bannan's work, Coal, Iron, and Oil, published in 1866, repeated the details before given, and advanced some vague theories respecting the coal-field, but gave no new facts. Macfarlane's work, Coal Regions of America, published in 1873, under the head of "Triassic Coal," chapter 27, gives what is known from existing publications of the position, geology, and production of the field, making

Jan 1, 1875

By J. H. Nead

Discussion of the paper of J. H. NEAD, presented at the New York meeting, February, 1916, and printed in Bulletin No. 108, December, 1915, pp. 2341 to 2357. E. D. CAMPBELL, Ann Arbor, Mich.-Any one at all familar with research work can at once see that Mr. Nead has condensed into his tables and curves the results of a carefully planned set of experiments which must have involved a great amount of work on his part. He deserves much credit for the way in which he has carried out these experiments, for it is to the results of such systematic experimentation that we must look for further knowledge of the underlying causes which determine the physical properties of steel. It will probably be many years before we have sufficient knowledge of all the factors of the problem of the constitution of steel, but every set of carefully carried out experiments such as Mr. Nead has made adds something to our knowledge and brings us a little nearer to the final solution of the problem.

Jan 5, 1916

Safety and health are no longer secondary responsibilities but must be of paramount concern to every mining operation, according to Anthony J. Thompson, an attorney with Hamel, Park, McCabe & Saunders of Washington D.C. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) forecasts an estimated 19,000 inspections during 1979, and the economic and psychological impact of these inspections may he significant. To illustrate his point Thompson reviewed the experiences of a relatively large operation during a recent MSHA visit. The inspector was on the premises for two months, issuing between 250 to 300 "significant and substantial" (s&s) citations. During the most intensive period, about one month in duration, the operation experienced a production loss estimated between 2500 to 3000 tons; an accident rate up 30% over the previous month and 20% over the same month in the preceding year; 100% of the safety director's and safety engi¬neer's time was devoted to the inspection; 50% of top level management's time; and 90% of the mid-level or front line supervisory's time.

Jan 11, 1979

(The following list contains the names of those members of the Institute of whose connection with military service we have only recently become acquainted; it also includes the names of a few who have recently been promoted or transferred, indicated by a *. A complete list was published in the Year Book, issued as a supplement of the Bulletin for March, 1918.) *AMBLER, HARRY A., 1st Lieutenant, 0. R. C., 30th Infantry, A. E. F. BAKER, R. F., Private, Intelligence Section, Headquarters 90th Division. *BARTON, L. A., Captain, 604th Engineers. *BATTEN, H. L., Lieutenant, Canadian Engineers, C. E. F. *BENSEL, J. A., Major, U. S. Reserves. BIRKETT, HOWARD, Lieutenant, Aviation, U. S. Signal Corps. BLOOMFIELD, E. C., Lieutenant, 1st Canadian Tunnelling Co. BOOTH, L. E., Watertown Arsenal, Det. E. 0. C., N. A., Watertown, Mass. *BOWMAN, REGINALD G., 1st Lieutenant, Engineers, U. S. R., Int. Ord. Dept. No. 4, A. E. F. *BRADLEY, CLARENCE I., Convois Automobile Section 585,. S. S. U., P. A. R., B. C. M.

Jan 7, 1918

By Charles F. Brush

The compression of gases to a very high degree, for purposes of scientific research, has long presented serious difficulties to the physicist. Great advances have been made of late years in the construction of ordinary air or exhaust pumps, while very little has been done towards the improvement of compression pumps. The principal difficulties encountered in the construction of such apparatus are the existence of the so-called "dead space" in the pump barrels, leakage of the piston packings under high pressure, and the trouble arising from the unequal expansion of parts caused by the development of the latent heat of the gas during compression. Of these obstacles to success, the "dead space" is far the most serious, as it fixes a limit to the performance of the pump beyond which it is impossible to carry the compression. The writer having occasion, some time since, to make a series of investigations on gases very highly compressed, and finding no apparatus, or description of apparatus, adequate to produce the required

By J. H. Polhems, R. B. Brackin, D. B. Grove

P. L. Jones (Sink and Float Corp., New York)—The comparisons between galena and ferrosilicon medium should be applied only to the specific sink-float process used at Mascot since no evidence is presented that allows the comparison to be extended generally to galena medium as now used in other forms of sink-float. It is stated that flotation recovery of galena medium was tried but was unsuccessful and therefore the elaborate gravity system of medium recovery was applied. The expense of the gravity system at Mascot was one of the reasons for changing to ferrosilicon. However two important sink-float plants treating a combined total of over 13,000 tons of ore per day are using flotation to clean galena medium most successfully and are obtaining medium recoveries comparable with those reported in the paper for ferrosilicon. Slightly increased zinc recovery is claimed due to the change-over but it is to be noted that at the time of the change a decreased density differential was obtained in the separator. With galena a differential

Jan 1, 1952

By S. H. Ash

SAFETY records have improved in all branches of the mineral industry. While annual production was rising from $2 billion in 1910 to nearly $12 billion in 1950, fatalities decreased from 3539 in 1911 to 974 in 1951. And, although safety progressed under hand methods, it progresses more effectively under modern, mechanized methods. But powered devices such as electric or diesel units can in themselves create new hazards unless proper safeguards are instituted. Health Use of diesels underground is increasing. Diesel equipment has been used in construction of 34 tunnels in 16 states in the last 17 years. The 77 noncoal underground mines in 24 states using diesels underground range from mines with large open stopes to those with narrow veins, so that the ventilating problems represent a good cross-section of U. S. mining. The U. S. Bureau of Mines has received no report that anyone has suffered ill effects from the proper use of properly maintained equipment. The necessity for correct maintenance and use of satisfactory exhaust conditioners cannot be emphasized too strongly.

Jan 2, 1954

A mine in the mountains of southeastern British Columbia is fast earning a reputation as the safest metal mining operation of all time. Already officially proclaimed as the safest mine in Canada, the H.B. mine of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Co. of Canada (Cominco) continues to advance its safety performance far in the lead of average accident frequencies in mines across the country. Official recognition came its way again this spring when the Cominco mine was awarded the John T. Ryan trophy for the fourth time in the last five years. This award is emblematic of top national safety performance of a metal mining operation. The H.B. mine is its only four-time winner. The Ryan award is based on a frequency of accidents involving lost time of more than six days. In each of the years that the H.B. has won the award-1958, 1959, 1961 and 1962-its frequency was zero, with no accidents involving a time loss of more. than six days

Jan 12, 1963