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By Arthur La Motte

I NDUSTRIAL explosives, as distinguished from military explosives, include high explosives and blasting powder. The high explosives which are best known are straight dynamite, gelatin dynamite, ammonia dynamite and permissibles. There are two kinds of blasting powder, saltpetre blasting powder and nitrate of soda blasting powder. Blasting powders are mechanical mixtures of nitrate of potash or nitrate of soda with sulfur and charcoal, highly compressed, granulated and glazed. They ignite from a spark and burn with relative slowness, the rate of burning and hence the rate of conversion into gases depending upon the size of the granulation and upon the degree of. confinement under which the powder is placed. High explosives, on the other hand, are chemical compounds which detonate; that is, when the explosive is subjected to a violent shock, provided in practice by a blasting cap or an electric blasting cap, the molecule of the essential ingredient, usually nitroglycerin, is disrupted and the energy and heat released cause any other explosive ingredients which may be present, such as ammoniuin nitrate or T.N.T., to decompose with a resultant evolution of gases at an extremely rapid rate varying from 6000 to 20,000 ft. per second.

Jan 1, 1924

By M. W. Lightner

IN 1947 the steel industry rebounded from its wartime effort and produced a record-breaking peacetime tonnage of steel ingots. During the first six months of the year the industry produced 42,000,000 tons of ingots and expected to produce 85,000,000 tons for the year. With a rated capacity of some 91,000,000 tons, production was at a rate of about 93 per cent of capacity. Credit must be extended to the steel producers who have maintained this steady state of operations while faced with many problems, not the least of which was a continued shortage of satisfactory scrap. Furthermore, the steel industry started a record-breaking peacetime expansion program at a total cost of more than $1,000,000,000. This program will increase the ingot-making capacity of the country by 2,500,000 tons and should be completed in 1948.

Jan 1, 1948

By Waldemar Lindgeen

PART I.—General Features. PAGE Purpose and Extent of Inquiry ; Definitions (Fissure-Veins, Metamorphism, Metasomatism, Impregnation, Cementation, Weathering); Metasomatism in Connection with Mineral Deposits, Especially Fissure-Veins; Calcu lation of Analyses ; Criteria of Metasomatism; Crystallization of Sec ondary Minerals in Other Bodies; Secondary Alteration of Veins; Structure and Composition of Metasomatic Vein-Rocks and Their Rela tion to General Metamorphism,.759 PART 11.—Minerals Developed by Metasomatic Processes in Fissure-Veins. Quartz, including Chalcedonite and Opal; Rutile and Anatase; Fluorite; Calcite ; Magnesite and Dolomite ; Siderite; Muscovite and Sericite ; Biotite; Chlorite; Pyroxene and A mphibole; Garnet; Epidote ; Ortho clase ; Albite ; Tourmaline ; Topaz ; Kaolinite ; Zeolites ; Pyrite ; Mar casite ; Chalcopyrite ; Arsenopyrite; Pyrrhotite ; Galena; Zinc-blende and Other Sulphides; Tellurides; Native Copper ; Gold and Silver,. 601 Resistant Minerals,........... 619 PART III.—The Fissure-Veins Classified According to Metasomatic Processes. 1. Topaz-Cassiterite Veins (Altenberg and Zinnwald, Saxony ; Mt. Bischoff, Tasmania),..........620 2. Scapolite-Apatite Veins,.........625 3. Tourmalinic Gold-Copper Veins,.. 626 4. Biotitic Gold-Copper Veins,........ 641 5. Propylitic Gold and Silver Veins (General Features; Comstock Lode; The Veins of Nagyág, Hungary; Pachuca, Mexico ; New Zealand; Alaska ; Silver Cliff, Colorado; Silver City, Idaho),. .. .645 6. Fluoritic Gold-Tellurium Veins (Cripple Creek ; Other Occurrences),. 654 7. Sericitic and Kaolinitic Gold- and Silver-Veins (General Remarks; The Freiberg Veins ; De Lamar, Idaho; Summit District, Colorado),. . 6.58 8. Sericitic and Calcitic Gold-Silver Veins (The Gold-Quartz Veins of Cali fornia ; Idaho Types ; San Juan, Colorado ; Treadwell Mine, Alaska ; Gold Veins of Ontario, Canada; Schwarzwald Fissure-Veins),. . 664

Jan 1, 1901

By Edward Judd

CANADA'S mining industry is rapidly recovering from the depression through which it passed in 1921. Its total output of $183,029,600 in 1922 was 6.4 per cent. greater than that of 1921, and was exceeded by only three previous years, 1917, 1918, and 1920. Table 1 compares the output of a few of 'the more important items selected from preliminary data published' by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. TABLE 1.-OUTPUT OF CERTAIN MINERAL PRODUCTS IN CANADA PER CENT. 1921 1922 CHANGE Cobalt, metal and in compounds, lb 252,000 443,800 +76.1; Copper contents of blister, matte, and exported ores, lb 47,620,820 43,321,400 - 9.0 Refined copper, lb 4,286,000 730,000 -83.0 Gold, fine oz 926,329 1,230,985 +32.8 Pig iron, sh. tons 665,676 429,024 -35.5 Lead, sh. tons 33,340 47,085 +41.2 Nickel contents of matte, etc., lb. 19,293,060 17,496,490 - 9.3 Silver, including that in base bullion, gold bullion, etc., fine, oz. 13,543,198 17,611,646 +30.0 Zinc (nearly all refined), sh. tons. 26,545 28,199 + 6.2 Asbestos shipments, sh. tons 92,761 136,657 +47.3 Coal, all grades, sh. tons 15,057,500 15,045,300 Gypsum shipments, sh. tons 386,550 441,160 +14.1 Natural gas, M. cu. ft 14,077,600 14,954,100 + 6.2 Petroleum, bbl : 187,540 178,570 - 4.8 Cement, bbl 5,752,885 6,943,968 +21.0 Brick, structural, all kinds, M. , , 109,009 127,137 +17.0 On the basis of estimated market values, the whole output of 1922 was contributed as follows: Metals, 33.4 per cent.; non-metallic minerals, 45.1 per cent.; structural materials and clay products, 21.5 percent.; this distribution indicates a return of the metal mining. industry nearly to the position of relative importance that it occupied. before 1921, in which year metals contributed only 28.7 per cent. to the total value. of output while non-metallics gave 51.1 per cent. Canadian cobalt originates entirely in the ores of the Cobalt district, which are mainly treated at smelters in southern Ontario, although some quantities of residues have been exported to England and Europe. Exports during 1922 increased even more than production, consisting of about four-fifths . cobalt oxides and salts, and one-fifth of cobalt alloys and other metal combinations.

Jan 8, 1923

By Maurice Grieves

The great majority of shafts constructed today are still excavated by drilling and blasting, a method which changed very little in over 100 years until the introduction of the mechanical lashing unit and cactus grab by the South Africans, which enabled muck to be removed as fast as massive hoisting systems could handle it and resulted in very rapid rates of sinking. Record breaking month's performances were achieved at -Hartebeestfontein No. 4 shaft, October 1960-337.1 m; Western Reefs No. 4 shaft, October 1961-340.7 m; and Buffelsfontein eastern twin shaft, March 1962-381.2m. The method was very labor-intensive, requiring a crew of over 60 workers at the shaft bottom during the drill cycle. Safety precautions were strict, but in the drive to achieve rapid advance, cases of personal injury were still somewhat high because of the large number of people engaged in this potentially hostile environment. The South African method, as it came to be referred to throughout the rest of the world, was adopted in the United Kingdom in the late 1950s in a modified form with greatly reduced manpower and nonsimultaneous sinking and lining, which was insisted on by the British Mines Inspectorate. In that instance, it was successfully used to sink the 7.3-m-diam concrete-lined shafts at Kellingley to 770 m depth, with rates of advance of over 90 m/month achieved, a British record at that time. During the sinking of the 1.15-km-deep twin shafts at Boulby potash mine in the UK in 1970, the method was again used, but for the first time ever in Britain exemptions from the mining code permitted the use of crash beams, crash doors, jack catches, and semi-simultaneous sinking and lining techniques. New British shaft sinking records of over 120 m/month were achieved in both shafts. Similar equipment and techniques were used in the early 1970s to sink several deep shafts in Canada, notably Creighton #7 and the Con zinc mine at Yellowknife in the NW Territories. Today, this equipment is standard for deep shafts in the US and the rest of the world. However, with the tremendous escalation in mining labor costs, the impact of health and safety legislation, and environmental regulations, coupled with a very real shortage of miners willing to work in this exposed situation it was apparent that an alternative to the labor-intensive conventional method of shaft construction had to be found. Recognizing the trend is inevitable, one or two major German shaft sinking contracting firms began to take a fresh look at full face boring techniques applied to tunnels and raise bored shafts. The results were most encouraging. Tunnel drivage techniques using moles had developed considerably from Colonel Beaumont's original channel tunnel machine circa 1880 to the superbly engineered Priestley machine selected to cut the British side in 1975 and the double shielded Robbins Grandori borer on the French side of the English Channel. Full face tunnel machines were being successfully used to drive uphill in inclined shafts in Austria and Switzerland. At Mapprag in Switzerland, the Demag mole drove the first (intentional) vertical transition and curve, and then went on to successfully complete the 730-m-long penstock shaft at an inclination of 35°. In Austria, the Wirth mole drove the Kaprun Glacier ski-lift railcar tunnel at record breaking rates of 457 m/MONTH (best 30 m/d) through green schist at an inclination of 29° for a distance of 3.35 km while the Hydro tunnel at Sarrelli in Switzerland was being driven by the Robbin's mole at an inclination of 35°. Simultaneously, extremely promising results were obtained using large assemblies of cutter discs on raise borer heads, such as the 4.87-m-diam X 460-m-deep shaft raised by Teton for Jim Walter Resources Inc. Bearing in mind that most mine shafts in the future (unless in exceptionally competent rock) will require some form of lining, and the trend will be toward deeper shafts as the more easily accessible mineral deposits become exhausted, it was seen that normal raise boring had definite limitations in vertical accuracy, in the limitation imposed by the drill string on the available torque that could be applied to the cutter head, and in the risk of collapse of the unsupported shaft rock wall in friable or jointed and fissured ground, since it is not possible to apply any form of temporary support until the permanent lining is being installed. A further problem was the economics of installing a subsequent lining, necessitating setting up a headgear and hoisting arrangement approaching in size that required for conventional drill and blast sinking and lining. Because of the economics, German contractors opted for a phased transition from drill and blast to the full face, rodless, out of the solid shaft mole, by starting off with a down-the-hole shaft boring machine -without a drillstring-but using a pilot hole to get rid of the muck.

Jan 1, 1982

By Lane, K. S.

The problem of stability of slopes in reservoirs is one of real interest in civil engineering. The problem is whether the valley walls will remain stable or whether they are likely to slide as conditions are changed by storage of water in the reservoir. If major slides are indicated, as on the walls of relatively steep canyons, one must estimate whether they will be so located and of sufficient size as to interfere with operation of the reservoir-as by blocking the outlets, or by displacing sufficient water to over-top the dam in a huge wave. Some cases involve problems in soil mechanics for slides in earth or weaker rock; other locations need the assistance of rock mechanics for slides in harder rock. While this is not a new problem, attention has recently been focused on its importance by the hugh landslide into the Vaiont reservoir in 1963, which claimed the lives of over 2000 people and forced abandonment of the dam and powerhouse.

Jan 1, 1969

By GEO M. FOWLER

AN appraisal of the activities of the mining geologists during 1936 clearly indicates the ever in- creasing utilization of geology in the search for ore. Few men with geo- logic training are idle at present; this is particularly true regarding recent graduates. Many have accepted employment in distant fields, such as the Philippines and South America, and greatly increased mineral production from these places reflects their activities. In North America, regions of intense mineralization formerly important are being restudied in greater de- tail and with better understanding; as a result, new mineral wealth is being found in many such districts. Much is being done by private companies and individuals, and it is to be hoped that mining companies will increasingly make available the purely scientific results of such studies by permitting their geologists to publish. On such generosity to a large extent will future advances in ore finding depend.

Jan 1, 1937

By AIME AIME

T HE Institute of Metals Division and the Iron and Steel Division will meet jointly at the Stevens Hotel, Chicago, during the week of the American Metals Congress, Sept. 22-26. The Iron and Steel Di- vision of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Society for Steel Treating and the American Welding Society meet at the same time. but the sessions have been arranged to conflict as little as possible. A rich program of papers and plant visits has been arranged for the members and guests of the two Institute Divisions. The annual dinner and a pro- gram of entertainment are being arranged by the Woman's Auxiliary of the Chicago Section. Members are urged to register immediately up011 arrival and to make dinner and plant visit reservations at the same time.

Jan 1, 1930

By L. C. Graton

[CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. By George M. Fowler2 Question 1-Is Structural Deformation of Some Character Always Necessary for the Migration of Mineralizing Solutions, Especially in Limestone or Other Dense Rock? DISCUSSION by: A. M. Bateman 10 S. F. Kelly 15 C. H. Behre, Jr 8, 13 G. B. Langford 13 T. M. Broderick11 H. E. McKinstry6 R. H. Clarke 13 D. H. McLaughlin8 J. D. Forrester for M. H. Gidel . . . 4 W. H. Newhouse13 G. M. Fowler 2, 6, 11 R. H. Sales 6 L. C. Graton 11 Edward Sampson 12 R. D. Hoffman 10 J. S. Stevenson 7 I. B. Joralemon11 L. B. Wright 2 Question 2-What Are Some of the Chemical and Physical Characteristics in Certain Beds within a Limestone Formation that Determine Their Favorable or Unfavorable Aspects as Reservoirs for Ore and Other Introduced Minerals? DISCUSSION by: G. W. Bain 17G. M. Fowler 21 C. H. Behre, Jr21L. C. Graton18 J. S. Brown 16G. F. Loughlin18 E. L. Bruce 19R. H. Sales 19 R. H. Clarke 20A. K. Snelgrove 20 Question 3-Are There Any Criteria by Which One Can Determine When Mining Operations Have Reached the Roots of an Ore Deposit? DISCUSSION by: J. M. Boutwell29G. B. Langford 29 T. M. Broderick28G. F. Loughlin25 E. Y. Dougherty27R. H. Sales 24 G. M. Fowler 22F. A. Thomson 26 I. B. Joralemon 22Edward Wisser 30 General S. F. Kelly35 References36

Jan 1, 1940

By HENRY M. HOWEL

1. Introduction.-The first part of this papers treats of the causes and the restraining of piping in steel ingots; the second& considers the causes and the restraining of -segregation; and the third proposes certain precautions in engineering specifications concerning these two defects. Into their causes I have looked carefully, with the purpose of arriving at rational methods of restraining them, and at efficient ways of detecting. and measuring the harm which they cause, so as to benefit the public by reducing this harm at once effectively and with the least expense to the manufacturer, and therefore in the end with the least expense to the consumer. In Part I., I infer that the pipe is chiefly due to what I, call the virtual expansion of the outer walls of the ingot in the early part of the freezing. I find that the upper and smooth-faced part of the pipe probably forms while the interior is still molten, but that the lower, steep, and crystal-faced part probably forms in metal which is already firm. Of the five causes which may co-operate to limit the depth of the pipe, I find that three-blow-holes, sagging, and the progress of freezing from below upwards-are usually effective. I find that the pipe may be lessened by casting (1) in wide ingots,; (2) in sand molds, especially if these are pre-heated (this is rarely expedient); (3) at the tops instead of at the bottom; (4) slowly; (5) and with the large end up; (6) by the use of a sinking-head or other means of retarding the cooling of the top; (7) by permitting blow-holes to form; and (8) by liquid compression.) Most of these I consider in some detail, and in particular I dwell on the advantages of casting with the large end up, and I propose certain administrative arrangements to permit this.

Mar 1, 1907

By W. W. Wirth

RESEARCH looking toward the reduction of the cost of roof support by substitution of longer-life materials for wooden timber is fully justified by the fact that roof support is an important element of all production costs. Permanent or semipermanent roof support will reduce the expense of timber-maintenance crews during steady operations, but even more markedly during idle periods. The management, therefore, is faced with the important problem of timber renewals, which in times of regular operation are frequently obscured by more urgent problems of production. Increased use of timber in the Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania is caused mainly by increased percentage of coal obtained from robbing areas, which requires more timber for safety than develop-ment work, and maintenance of long haulageways through crushed ground despite the fact that less coal is transported over them. The timber reserve in the immediate vicinity of the mines has been depleted to such an extent that it is necessary to secure 70 per cent of the timber requirements from distant sources. Originally, mine timbering in this region was done by largely utilizing round props or legs with round collars. The whole cross section of the tree from which timber was cut was utilized by forming the joints between the legs and the collars with saw and adze, using plank or round saplings for lagging behind the legs and over the collars to prevent material falling between them. The Mine Inspectors' report of 1898 records an important digression from the use of round timber, when two tunnels at the Babylon colliery, near Pittston, Pa., were timbered with 12 by 12-in. square timber sets with mud sills, through quicksand for distances of 425 and 160 ft., respectively. The timbers were lagged with 3-in. plank to control sand.

Jan 1, 1940

By Robert E. Wilson

TO show the vital importance of our future oil supplies to our economy, I will merely point out that this country, with something like 15 per cent of the world's land area and something like 7 per cent of the world's population normally uses between 65 and 70 per cent of the motor vehicles of the world, between 65 and 70 per cent of the world's rubber, and produces and refines between 65 and 70 per cent of the world's petroleum. Despite all the arguments as to which is cause and which is effect, all will agree that all three of these important industries are mutually dependent. If we had not been able to produce 65 or 70 per cent of the world's oil in this country we would not have the degree of mechanization, or the efficiency of transportation, or the high industrialization that we enjoy. Furthermore, the fact that oil has been plentiful and cheap has had a tremendous effect on all the things in which we as engineers are interested. For that reason, if for no other, it is well to look ahead to see what the outlook is for the near and far-distant future.

Jan 1, 1945

By H. W. McQuaid, E. W. Ehn

It is usually assumed that chemical specifications are sufficient for steel to be used for case carburizing, and if the steel analyzes within the ordinary limits specified for steel for this purpose, no difficulty traceable to the steel used should be encountered in obtaining satisfactory results in the case carburizing and hardening. Much work has been done to determine the effect of various alloying elements on the rate of carbon penetration, etc. but, to our knowledge, little if anything has been published in regard to the effeet of the quality of the steel on the final results in the hardening of case-carburized steel parts. The writers believe that the structure of the case both before and after quenching is greatly affected by the actual condition of the steel itself as made, and that for good results in the case-carburizing and hardening departments, the steel should be of the best possible quality as regards non-metallic impurities. It is the purpose of this paper to prove that the presence of excess dissolved oxides in the steel, as made in the melting furnace, affects permanently the results obtained in carburizing and hardening and that it is possible that the presence of dissolved oxide call result in total unfit-ness of low-carbon steel for case hardening purposes. When races and rolls for roller bearings are made from a low-carbon steel, case carburized and hardened, it is of primary importance that the results of this treatment be of the highest quality. It is necessary, therefore, that in the case-carburizing work each detail be rigorously checked to avoid any defects which would cause the loss of much time and material. The case carburizing with which this paper deals was done in under-fired oil furnaces. The temperature of each furnace is controlled by means of a platinum platinum-rhodium thermocouple, in connection with a potentiometer indicator and potentiometer recorder. The temperature of each furnace is registered every 15 min. by an operator, who is continually checked by the automatic recorders.

Jan 1, 1922

By H. W. McQuaid, E. W. Ehn

It is usually assumed that chemical specifications are sufficient for steel to be used for case carburizing, and if the steel analyzes within the ordinary limits specified for steel for this purpose, no difficulty traceable to the steel used should be encountered in obtaining satisfactory results in the case carburizing and hardening. Much work has been done to determine the effect of various alloying elements on the rate of carbon penetration, etc. but, to our knowledge, little if anything has been published in regard to the effeet of the quality of the steel on the final results in the hardening of case-carburized steel parts. The writers believe that the structure of the case both before and after quenching is greatly affected by the actual condition of the steel itself as made, and that for good results in the case-carburizing and hardening departments, the steel should be of the best possible quality as regards non-metallic impurities. It is the purpose of this paper to prove that the presence of excess dissolved oxides in the steel, as made in the melting furnace, affects permanently the results obtained in carburizing and hardening and that it is possible that the presence of dissolved oxide call result in total unfit-ness of low-carbon steel for case hardening purposes. When races and rolls for roller bearings are made from a low-carbon steel, case carburized and hardened, it is of primary importance that the results of this treatment be of the highest quality. It is necessary, therefore, that in the case-carburizing work each detail be rigorously checked to avoid any defects which would cause the loss of much time and material. The case carburizing with which this paper deals was done in under-fired oil furnaces. The temperature of each furnace is controlled by means of a platinum platinum-rhodium thermocouple, in connection with a potentiometer indicator and potentiometer recorder. The temperature of each furnace is registered every 15 min. by an operator, who is continually checked by the automatic recorders.

Jan 1, 1922

By F. W. Lee

A GREAT CURTAILMENT of field activities among the geophysicists occurred last year, especially in prospecting for the common metals. In gold, however, an "outstanding achievement . . . was made by the engineers of Consolidated Goldfields. Here the suboutcrop of the Main Reef Series was traced from Middelvlei through properties of the westward area, a distance of from 30 to 40 miles. Here Drs. Reineche and Krahman prospected with the aid of a sensitive magnetometer and established the singularities of the various beds which heretofore had not been sufficiently appreciated. Several underlying shale beds were used to determine this suboutcrop under the dolomite. This area promises to be the equivalent of one-half the size of the present gold fields and to rank in value with the Far East Rand." The present temperature compensated magnetometers permit accurate field observations to less than 5 gammas. Since magnetic anomalies may have their origin due to a change of elevation as well as to the outcropping of a bed of another magnetically different material, intimate geological knowledge is of great assistance in the interpretation of these measurements. To what extent magnetic measurements reflect the basement when the material is homogeneous, consisting primarily of red granite, was determined by members of the Bureau of Mines and described by Dr. J. H. Swartz. Because of the diverse causes of magnetic anomalies, some of which were discussed and correlated by Stratton and Joyce upon known conditions, magnetometer measurements are often difficult to interpret.

Jan 1, 1933

By Fitterer, G. R.

The impact of the work of Herty "et al" on modern liquid steel technology can only be evaluated by first setting the stage as it existed in 1926. It is important to briefly review not only the steel making process and viewpoints regarding methods of refining, but also to describe the tools which were available for research at the time. One must recall that only 15 years before the beginning of this program, the open hearth production exceeded that of the Bessemer in the United States. Many open hearths were still operating on producer gas (a very inefficient fuel), although some plants were converting to the use of natural gas and very few to oil. Continuous rolling of wide strip started this year. The Faraday Society in England held a World Conference on Physical Chemistry in Steel Making in 1925 and the contributions to this work created considerable interest throughout the world and it appeared that physical chemistry might convert the art of steel making into a science. These papers, however, attempted to solve the problems through the use of the older physical chemical concepts such as Nernst's numbers, etc. and considerable data were missing. In 1923, Lewis and Randall had published their book Thermodynanzicsl and this was later to establish and standardize the steps which are now accepted for the calculation of physico-chemical equations. At the time this research work was started, there were no small high frequency induction furnaces. Northrup had just invented his high frequency furnace and a few large units had been instilled in plants. The vacuum fusion method lor the determination of oxygen in steel was

Jan 1, 1957

TULSA SECTION At the smoker concluding the two day meeting of the Tulsa section of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Tulsa, Okla., Feb. 26, 1919, Dr. Willis T. Lee, the new head of the Geological Department of the University of Oklahoma, was introduced to the assembled geologists and mining engineers. Dr. Lee requested that the geologists and engineers who were making a specialty of petroleum geology assist him in giving a good course in practical oil geology in the Geological Department of the University. After a motion offering the services of all present in giving lectures on their special subjects had been adopted, Dr. Perrine of Hutchinson, Kans., named the geologists who were pledged to give lectures in Dr. Lee's course. The students in geology at Norman are assured of the latest information regarding practical work in petroleum geology and will have the inspiration derived from contact with men who are actually at work upon the problems which they are studying. Dr. Lee and President Brooks of the University are to be congratulated upon the introduction of this .method of instruction. The plan thus put into operation is similar to the graduate system of coaching in athletics followed at many of the large universities; what is good for instruction in athletics should also prove good for instruction in applied geology.

Jan 6, 1919

Jan 1, 1967

JAMES DOUGLAS Dr. James Douglas, twice President of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, and one of its principal benefactors, died in New York on June 25, 1918, at the age of 81 years. After a life of extraordinary activity, failure of his health compelled him to retire about 2 or 3 years ago, and in view of his advanced years his death was not unexpected. His funeral was held at the Church of the Mediator, on June 26, and was attended by representatives of the American Institute of Mining Engineers and of the Canadian Mining Institute. His body was then taken to Quebec for burial in the family plot. An extended notice of Dr. Douglas, prepared by Dr. R. W. Raymond, will be presented in the September issue of the Bulletin. LEWIS NEWTON BAILEY Lewis Newton Bailey died of pneumonia at Camp Merritt, N. J., April 30, 1918, at. the age of 34 years. He was Master Engineer, .Senior Grade, in the Fourth Regiment, U. S. Engineers; and although he was offered a commission as First Lieutenant shortly after enlisting, he preferred not to accept it until he had reached France. By those who knew him well, this lack of eagerness for promotion will be recognized as consistent with his whole character.

Jan 8, 1918