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By D. Yamada, T. Tanaka, N. Inouchi, J. Nakahigashi, H. Yoshimura, T. Nonishi

The use of cereal food materials as lubricants was investigated in an attempt to develop nonpolluting lubricants. Suspensions of wheat flour in water and other types of cereal food lubricants were prepared and their friction coefficients measured. The results indicate that a cereal food lubricant containing 30% lipids, 2% proteins, 60% carbohydrates and 0.6% calcium carbonates has the lowest friction coefficient for a sheet (cpTi-1). As example applications, the lubricant was tested with a forming press and a screw-fastening device. In both applications the cereal food lubricant performed relatively well in comparison to conventional lubricants and thereby has potential for practical applications.

Jan 1, 2006

By Holly L. O. Huyck

Disseminated hypogene sulphide mineralization in the Lakeshore porphyry copper deposit (also called the Cyprus-Casa Grande deposit) of Arizona occurs in both a granodiorite stock and associated volcanic rocks. Structural development and vein paragenesis at Lakeshore are similar to other Laramide porphyry copper deposits of the southwestern U.S. Two major structural trends are present: intrusive contacts, copper-bearing potassic alteration veins and major post-mineralization Basin-and-Range type faults trend N-NW, whereas phyllic veins and secondary post-mineralization faults trend N-NE, and deep propylitic veins trend NE-ENE. Lithologic permeabilities, caused by fracturing in all rocks and by grain size distributions in volcanic rocks, controlled the distribution of copper mineralization. Differences in chemical compositions of host rocks did not affect are grade. Structural control, through density of chalcopyrite-rich veins, was the major control of are grade. Fracture density of other potassic vein types did not strongly affect grade. Within volcanic lithologies, permeability, as indicated by grain size distribution, provided a second-order, but significant, control of mineralization.

Jan 1, 1990

By Ted J. Smith, Stephen E. Kesler

"Zonation patterns are welt developed in the mafic metavolcanic rocks that host epigenetic quartz-carbonate-gold vein mineralization at the Hollinger-McIntyre deposit. Carbonate alteration assemblages are strongly zoned about mineralization. Proceeding inward from background greenschist facies rocks to alteration envelopes enclosing individual veins, the following assemblages are observed:Assemblage I-quartz-albite-chlorite-epidote-actinolite-(calcite)Assemblage II-quartz-albite-chlorite-calcite-epidoteAssemblage III-quartz-ankerite-sericite-(chlorite-calcite)Assemblage IV-quartz-albite-ankerite-sericiteLithogeochemical zoning is equally well developed as variations in whole-rock abundances ofAs, Au, Ba, Rb, and Sb. As and Ba form the most useful zonation patterns, outlining individual ore zones as well as broader trends of mineralization.Gas chromatographic analyses of fluid inclusions in the quartz-carbonate veins indicate that the mineralizing fluid was an H20-C02 mixture. Locally, CH4-rich fluid inclusions are associated with graphitic and/or carbonaceous wallrocks. Fluid inclusions in ore-bearing veins have higher CO2 contents than those in non-ore veins. Extensive sampling and analyses of veins from the area surrounding the deposit reveals a well developed zonation of CO2 contents about the main zone of mineralization. Low CO2 levels (1-2 mole%) in veins are peripheral to the deposit and increase to over 12 mole% in mineralized zones.The observed zoning of the carbonate alteration assemblages is a result of the addition of CO2 to the wallrock, which is consistent with the zoning of CO2 in the fluid inclusions.The zoning patterns delineated in this study are useful in exploration both on a deposit scale and on the scale of individual ore zones."

Jan 1, 1985

"THE OTTAWA BRANCH, CIM, each year holds a symposium on a subject of topical interest. The symposium this year was on Canada's Offshore Mineral Resources, at which papers were presented by: Dr. Donald G. Crosby, chief, Resource Administration Di-vision, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa; John A. Beesley, head, Legal Division, Department of External Affairs, Ottawa; and David W. Smith, man-ager, offshore exploration and production, Shell Canada Limited, Calgary. Because of the interest which this topic holds for our members, and because of the wealth and significance of information presented, the three papers -representing the first comprehensive review of our offshore resources -are reproduced herewith. The opening remarks of the Chairman, Dr. F. K. North, Professor of Geology, Carleton University, are also recorded, together with a few of the questions asked by the large attending audience. The symposium was held February 13th, and was organized by Dr. W. M. Tupper, chairman of the Branch Program Commit-tee. Differences in the extent of the continental shelf will be noted in the papers. These differences are related to slightly different definitions of the continental shelf by the authors."

Jan 1, 1969

By O. J. Restrepo-Baena, L. Rojas-Mendoza

Gold losses must be controlled during extracting processes, especially during cyanidation. Otherwise recovery decreases and therefore the profitability of projects too. One of the phenomena that generate such losses is known as preg-robbing which occurs when some mineral constituent adsorbs aurocyanide complex from a cyanide solution. There are some laboratory methods to identify potential preg-robbing in gold ores, highlighting the PRP method, the BGMI test, and cyanidation tests by conventional agitation without activated carbon (BRP) and with activated carbon (CIL). For this study we performed an initial characterization of a sample from Antioquia - Colombia and then we carried out the methods described above in order to identify the presence of carbonaceous matter. We obtained a percentage of preg-robbing of 78.7% by applying the BGMI test; the preg-robbing potential by the PRP method was 97.9% with an extraction of 0.77% and an inferred recovery of 36.6% if preg-robbing did not occur. Finally we obtained under the BRT test a recovery of 0%, while for CIL test an extraction of 33.6% what confirmed the presence of preg-robbers agents in the gold ore. We conducted all tests in the Institute of Minerals - CIMEX at Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Medellin.

Jan 1, 2014

By C. Jewell, G. H. Rupay

"67 - 2:15-3:00Regeneration of Hydrochloric Acid from Waste Pickle Liquor Using a Fluidized Bed Reactor System. G. H. RUPAY and C. JEWELL, Dominion Foundries and Steel Ltd., Hamilton, Ont.The disposal of acidic waste liquors from pickling processes has always been a problem for the steel industry. With increased awareness toward environmental control and the problems acidic wastes create, processes utilizing recovery and regeneration of the waste acids are becoming more popular. This paper describes the Keramchemie/Lurgi process for regenerating hydrochloric acid from waste pickle liquor using a fluidized bed reactor system. The process parameters are outlined, together with a brief description of the equipment. This is followed by a discussion of the operating problems and concludes with economic data."

Jan 1, 2000

By Phillip Mackey, Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari

L'industrie du cuivre traverse une période passionnante, marquée par une forte demande, de bons prix et l'ouverture de nouvelles grandes installations. L'année 2022 a battu des records de production de cuivre, ce qui laisse entrevoir un potentiel de croissance supplémentaire. De grands projets sont en cours, comme la technologie Double Flash à Manyar, en Indonésie, qui peut produire plus de 500 000 tonnes de cuivre par an. À Munda, en Inde, on a construit la plus grande usine de cuivre du monde, qui produit plus de 1 000 000 tonnes de cuivre par an en combinant deux phases. De plus, l’installation de cellules de flottation de dernière génération au Mexique, au Chili et dans d'autres pays témoignent de la volonté de l'entreprise d'utiliser les technologies les plus récentes [1]. L'importance du cuivre dans la transition énergétique est évidente, l'accent étant mis à la fois sur la croissance et sur la protection de l'environnement. Cela se traduit par le développement d'usines de premier ordre dédiées aux pratiques durables.

May 2, 2024

By B. Daniels, A. Tieu, W. Yan, B. Ren, M. Vijay

"Plasma or thermal sprayed coatings are becoming more widely used in a wide range of industrial applications. The preference to use thermal sprayed coatings is mainly attributed to its superior wear, and corrosion resistant properties akin to hard chrome but without the harmful health implications of chrome in the coating process. Specifically, High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) plasma sprayed Tungsten Carbide & Cobalt (WC/Co) coatings are presently being tested on aircraft landing gear. This coating can be efficiently applied and is highly resistant to corrosion and wear. However, HVOF coating's durability also makes it difficult to be stripped for inspection and overhaul. Current coating removal methods usually involve a multi-step process whereby the coating must undergo diamond wheel grinding, chemical dipping, grit blasting, ultrahigh pressure (UHP) 380 MPa (55 Kpsi) water blasting, and subsequent chemical dipping, depending on the type and thickness of the coating. As explained by Yan, et al [l]"" a unique method has been developed for removing HVOF coatings with the use of only water. The method consists of modulating a stream of water at a pressure of only 69 MPa (10 Kpsi) with ultrasonic waves to generate a forced pulsed waterjet. The resulting cyclic loading of the hard coating due to the impact of the water pulses easily causes it to flake off the substrate. This paper will briefly describe the fundamentals of the forced pulsed waterjet technique with an emphasis on insitu applications of the removal of various plasma and HVOF coatings."

Jan 1, 2006

By W. Fergusson

This paper takes a look at the use of rubber to provide corrosion resistance and wear resistance in the mining industry. The longer life and reduced down time involved with the use of rubber are stressed, and examples are given of applications in grinding mills, skips, discharge chutes and screens.

Jan 1, 1979

By A. Michalkow

DELN ITE Mines Limited is located in Deloro township, on the west end of the south break of the Porcupine Camp. Mining operations are currently being carried out on the downward extension of a system of quartz veins in an andesite zone. This zone has been followed from surface to the present bottom level of 5,250 feet. The changing mineralogy of the vein system has involved an increase in tourmaline content from the surface downwards, so that the veins at the lower levels are composed of dark brown quartz-tourmaline. The drilling problem presented by these extremely hard veins was partially alleviated by the development and adoption of a one-inch drill bit. All blast-hole drilling is now done with the one-inch bit, without any difference in hole spacing.

Jan 1, 1962

By Daniel Murray

"ACCIDENT PREVENTION in and around coal mines presents many problems of a type which are not encountered in any other industry. This is particularly true of the coal mines in Nova Scotia, where the underground workings are very extensive and the area of exposure to workmen is very great.Roof conditions at the coal faces and in the waste change very rapidly, almost from hour to hour, and it is at these places that the greatest dangers exist and where most mine accidents occur. It is only natural, therefore, that our attention, as far as accident prevention is concerned, should be concentrated •at the coal faces and in the waste, especially in mines where the longwall system is used in the operation •of the seam.It has been said that no hard and fast rules can be set down for timbering at the coal faces and in the waste in the coal mines in this area. We do not subscribe to this theory, however, for the following reasons:On the longwall faces in No. 18 Colliery of the Dominion Coal Company, Limited, where the 'Dosco Miner' has been in operation and where there is a very rigid system of timbering and roof supports, which is strictly followed, only one compensable accident has occurred on those faces from May 2ndJ 1950, to the time of writing this paper, February 3rd, 1953.The 'Dosco Miner' has worked on four different longwall faces in this mine and has mined and loaded some hundreds of thousands of tons of coal."

Jan 1, 1953

By Malcolm Black

Introduction Before beginning to write this paper, I decided that I should first find suitable definitions of the words Sample and Sampling. The dictionary gives: "Sample.-A portion indicative of the whole"; and according to Baillie (1), sampling is "That process whereby a representative and comparatively small portion of material is selected from a large bulk, and preserved under such conditions as shall prevent contamination or avoidable alteration, with a view to the formation of valid conclusions regarding the suitability of the bulk for specified purposes". These comprehensive definitions are alike in substance, and indicate that unless a truly representative portion is taken, it is not a sample. Ore 'as mined' generally varies a good deal in composition, and, in crushing, segregation takes place. Some of the minerals present, due to differences in hardness and friability, break into smaller pieces than others, and, on reaching the bin, the coarse particles roll away, leaving the fines behind. The result of this segregation is generally quite noticeable on the conveyor feeding the mill, especially when the bin is nearly empty and the crushing plant shut down. Should the sampling period synchronize with either the coarse or the fines, the sample obviously would not be representative. I agree that this is rather far fetched, but I maintain that such a condition is possible. Assuming that a representative sample may be procured from the feed conveyor, the method of cutting it down for assay has considerable influence in maintaining the original condition of the sample. The finer the material is ground after each cut, the more uniform the sample will remain. To illustrate this point, let us take a quantity of fine sand and add, say, three grains of rice to represent metallic particles. We may mix this sample by any of the known methods, then cut it into four equal portions. It is obvious that at least one of the portions will be without a rice grain. But let us grind the three grains of rice into flour and proceed as before. Now there will be a much greater chance of including some of the rice in each portion.

Jan 1, 1935

By J. Keith Haddock

"Introduction The Boundary Dam Mine is located 5 km south of the City of Estevan, Saskatchewan and is operated by Manitoba and Saskatchewan Coal Company Ltd., one of the Luscar companies. The entire production of 1.7 million tonnes per year is delivered to the Boundary Dam Generating Station of Saskatchewan Power Corporation. Geology There are basically two seams mined on the property, the main Estevan seam ranging in thickness from 3.0 m to 4.5 m with partings and the upper Roche Percee seam (roughly 15 m to 23 m above the Estevan) which ranges from 0.6 m to 2.0 m in thickness. Most of the reserves are concentrated in the Estevan seam, the Roche Percee only being mined whenever its thickness makes it economic to recover. The coal measures belong to the Ravenscrag Formation of Tertiary (Paleocene) Age. This formation is widespread in North Dakota and Montana and contains the lignite fields of North Dakota and subbituminous coals of Montana. The formation is gently tilted to the southeast at Boundary (0.5 degrees) and consists of weak sandstones, siltstones and silty mudstones. Reserves and Coal Quality The present minesite encompasses a coal reserve of approximately 50 million tonnes calculated to a maximum stripping depth of 37 metres or 20:1 mining ratio. The reserves form only a part of the total reserves in the Estevan area which are owned by the Saskatchewan Power Corporation. The coal being mined is classed as Lignite ""A"" and has the following specifications:"

Jan 1, 1985

By G. M. Humphrey

It is a great honour and privilege to be here in this distinguished company of the outstanding men in the mining industry and the political life of Canada. I fully recognize that I am so honoured as a symbol of the combination of American and Canadian leaders in industry who are partners in the sponsor-ship of the Quebec-Labrador iron-ore mining development which we are undertaking, and as such I want to express our great appreciation of the co-operation and assistance we have met on every hand in Canada, and the genuine friendliness and never-failing courtesy which we are always accorded. We are quite aware that it springs primarily from the very high regard in which our partner and sponsor, Jules Timmins, and our other Canadian associates are held. Their high standing among you is well known and we quite naturally fall heir to the benefits of the great esteem in which you hold them. Jules Timmins and his long-time associate, John Knox, were the original inspiration for our participation in this venture. It was their enthusiasm and vision which caught our interest and led to our joining with them in the years of exploration and search which have brought us to the threshold of this great development where we stand today. So much has been written of the details of our exploration and plans for future development that it would bore you for me to review them further here, but there is a phase of this development, and an extremely important phase of it, which I think has passed almost unnoticed and which it may be well worth while for me to bring to your attention this evening.

Jan 1, 1951

By Roger Francis

There is increasing use of acid leach extraction methods at elevated temperatures and pressures by the mining industry. In many locations there are limited supplies of fresh water, and waters with higher chloride contents must be used, making conditions more corrosive. The fluids downstream of the main autoclave are hot, acidic, oxidizing and contain chlorides and present a challenge to the mining community to ensure reliable operation. Zeron 100 is a high strength superduplex stainless stee, that offers high corrosion resistance at a cost effective price. The paper presents a combination of laboratory data and service experience, particularly in the aggressive fluids found in downstream processing.

Jan 1, 2010

By N. Saracoglu, J. P. Golightly, R. H. Wallis, J. J. Brummer

"The McClean uranium deposits are in northern Saskatchewan, 11 km west-northwest of the Rabbit Lake mine. Their average grade is 1.8% UJ0 8 and they contain 6,350 tonnes of uranium oxide in seven pods of variable grade and mineral assemblage. They are hosted by both basal Athabasca Group and the regolith developed on the underlying crystalline basement. The major mineral facies are: sulphide, arsenide, 'bleached', and hematite, with the important uranium minerals being coffinite, uraninite and pitchblende.Abundances of carbon and sulphur isotopes are consistent with their derivation from pyritic graphite in basement gneisses. Isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen suggest mineralizing fluids were aqueous and at temperatures of about 200°C. Ar39/ Ar40 laser age determination of illite indicates mineralization began about 1300 m.y, ago and that significant hydrothermal alteration ceased about 1170 m.y. ago though Pb/U data suggest the deposits continued to evolve into the Mesozoic.The deposits are interpreted as the result of oxidizing ground water stripping uranium and other metals from either the Athabasca sandstone, especially the heavy mineral layers, or from the regolith, and precipitating these when encountering a warm reduced fluid emanating from the basement."

Jan 1, 1984

By George Langford

Introduction The manufacture of ductile beryllium is one of the most interesting problems confronting the metallurgist today, and one which becomes more acutely in need of resolution as the uses for beryllium increase. Beryllium belongs to the hexagonal group of metals along with zinc, magnesium, and cadmium. The melting point of the metal is about l,280°C. ± 5°C. Due to its brittleness, the metal's chief use is as an alloying agent in copper and iron. The very low absorption coefficient of beryllium for x-rays makes the metal ideal for x-ray windows, and, similarly, because of its low capture cross-section for neutrons, the metal holds a preferred position in the field of nuclear physics. Modern x-ray diffraction methods were responsible for explaining the mechanism whereby zinc metal, although brittle when cast, could be made ductile at room temperature. The diffraction patterns of zinc and magnesium indicated the importance of the parts played by recrystallization and preferred orientation in this mechanism. It was with this in mind that an Investigation into the recrystallization and preferred orientation of beryllium was undertaken. The investigation, after a series of experiments were conducted involving cold-working and annealing, yielded the recrystallization temperature curve for beryllium. Both the texture of preferred orientation and the effect of recrystallization on this texture when subjected to compressive stresses were also determined. W. A. Alexander, J. K. Swinton and L. M. Pidgeon, in their investigation on The Recrystallization Temperature of Beryllium (C.I.M., Trans., Vol. L, 1947, pp. 657-664), utilized the Brinell ball as a means of cold straining the metal. Sufficient strain was developed to estimate the recrystallization curve for the metal. However, in order to determine the lowest recrystallization curve, as well as to develop a preferred orientation structure, larger deformation than that possible with a Brinell ball was required. The plastic deformation of beryllium can be carried out at an elevated temperature above 700°C. Above 850°C., the metal is quite ductile and can be readily compressed or extruded.

Jan 1, 1948

By E. J. Wade

The general location, climatic conditions and access of the Tasu mine are covered briefly, with comments on the Jack of conventional transportation and communication facilities. The Haïda story of Tasu and early at-tempts at production are presented, together with a discussion of the government legislation which throttled exploration and production in the late fifties. General and specific details of local geology, mineralogy and current ore reserves are also covered.

Jan 1, 1968

By R. R. Irrinki

Abstract -The Key Anacon deposit consists of four sulfide zones called, from south to north : Key Anacon No. 1, Key Anacon No. 2, Key Anacon No. 3, and Key Anacon Copper Zone. Massive sulfides of zones 1, 2, and 3 are underlain by rocks correlated with the Nepisiguit Falls Formation and are overlain by matie volcanic rocks correlative with the Boucher Brook Formation. In contrast to zones 1, 2, and 3, narrow northwesterly-trend.ing, copper-rich fracture zones occur within the Patrick Brook Formation. Sulfides in zone 2 occur as three mineralogical associations, namely: pyrite-chalcopyrite, pyrite-sphalerite-galerta, and pyrrhotite-sphalerite-galerta. The distribution of lithologies and en-echelon patterns of the three sulfide lenses of Key Anacon No. 2 zone are the result of F1 and F2 folding. Zone 2 is the most promising economically, with proven reserves of 1.11 million tonnes grading 0.2207o Cu, 3.47% Pb, 8.41% Zn, and 96 g/t Ag; the zone is open below a depth of 427 m.

Jan 1, 1992

By J. E. McMenamin, R. B. Hall

"With the emphasis in the past decade on larger and more efficient equipment for open-pit operations, the Normandie mine of the Asbestos Corporation has followed the trend, switching from the smaller type of percussion drills to down-the-hole rigs. One 5 Y2 -in. percussion drill is still in use, but is limited to a ""smooth blasting"" role or to the control of the slope on final benches.In keeping with the times, an attempt was made to eliminate, as much as possible, the use of high explosives and to maximize the percentage of ammonium nitrate -fuel oil mixture. As the concentration of ground water increased with increased mining depths, small pumps were initially employed for the dewatering of boreholes. This proved unsuccessful, and a hole-blowing rig was built and a conversion to plastic liners made. The acquisition of a bulk-mix AN-FO truck has permitted the changeover from an AN premix to an ammonium nitrate prill -fuel oil combination at the borehole."

Jan 1, 1966