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By Kubik K

This paper reviews the historical data on relative height changes of landmasses with respect to sea level for Pacific Rim countries.It discusses existing theories of the Greenhouse effect, and the interaction with the vertical movements of the continental plates which leads to different effects for different places. Possible future scenarios are described and directions for future research and measurement programs are given.Relative sea levels are governed not only the increase of water from deglaciation but also by a range of other factors such as variable water storage in lakes and the atmosphere, thermal expansion of the ocean, ocean currents, and the shape of the ocean and the continents. Sea floor spreading, for example, is ultimately more significant than deglaciation in sea level control but is generally much slower.

Jan 1, 1990

The application and development of monitoring and control techniques of coal mines in China is mainly described in the paper.The techniques of mine control and monitoring system have been developed as an important means of production dispatch, command and management with ever-increasing coal production and gradual raising of the level of mechanization and centralization of continuous mining. The continuous stage monitoring and control system in China coal mines has been developed from the initial single fixed plant monitoring, and the technique of computers has also been applied in the system for productive and environmental monitoring, featuring a new type of mine control and monitoring equipment of China.

Jan 1, 1985

The Elgas Underground Storage Facility at Port Botany, Sydney, is the first purpose-built cavern of its kind in Australia and provides large capacity, safe and environmentally benign storage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). The facility will provide Elgas with the flexibility to source product at competitive prices and ensure long-term security of supply. Construction has provided Orica Australia, formerly ICI Explosives, with a unique opportunity to provide a bulk explosive delivery system specifically designed to meet the exacting demands of the site and of the project.

Jan 1, 1999

Interest in mining narrow, vein-type ones has increased world-wide during the last few years despite the fact that prices of metals have not risen in proportion as production costs of mining, such as labour and energy.In many mines, where narrow ones are mined, the mining technique and equipment used have been poorly mechanized. The mining methods have been cut-and-fill or shrinkage stoping. Pneumatic jack-legs have been used for drilling and slushers have been used for loading.The methods that have been used can be called the "first-generation" methods.Work has been very hard for miners. It has been dangerous and exhausting.Production volumes of mines, and a s a result of that, also profits have been low.

Jan 1, 1990

By B Madeja-Struminska

The method of evaluation of the approximate temperature of arising spontaneous fire centre and time of coal self-ignition is presented in this paper. The method uses BystronÆs (1997) model of coal self-heating and measurement of carbon monoxide concentration in the mine air outside the fire centre. Knowledge of the spontaneous fire centre temperature and time of fire beginning allows for more accurate analysis of the fire hazard in the coal mine and allows for adequate time to undertake special fire prevention actions. The method is illustrated by an example from Polish mining practice.

Jan 1, 2005

By Roden S

This paper illustrates that sampling problems and difficulties are as common in an R&D environment as they are in an operating plant. Researchers need to be aware of the potential influence of poor sampling practices and when feasible determine the sampling and analytical precision at the start of any experimentation. Specific problems that have been encountered are discussed and the procedures implemented to overcome these difficulties are described. Examples from projects include the cyanidation of a Au/Ag ore, column leaching of refractory gold and oxide ores, the bioremediation of contaminated sites and the flotation of ore containing native copper.

Jan 1, 1976

By H El-Shall, R Stana a

An innovative process for the separation of carbonaceous minerals from bulk ores is presented. In this process, the surface of carbonate minerals is reacted with acid used to nucleate CO2 bubbles at the particle solution interface. Entraining the liberated CO2 gas at the surface via coating agent renders the particle more buoyant providing for a selective separation from non-carbonate containing masses. Different surfactants were tested to stabilise the bubbles and float the particles. In this paper, separation of dolomite from apatite using PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) as a coating agent, is discussed. Interestingly, up to 10 mm particle sizes can be floated. Moreover, flotation of a phosphate and dolomite mixture was carried out and MgO content

Jan 1, 2005

By Thatcher R

In areas where undeveloped land represents a scarce resource, an upgraded post mining land use can result in economic benefits to both the mining company and to the community. A study undertaken at Allied Queensland Coalfields Ltd's Aberdare Colliery located between Brisbane and Ipswich during 1986/1987, assessed the costs and benefits of developing the site following mining for grazing, forestry and residential uses. The proposed final land use plan comprised a combination of these uses which can be upgraded to higher valued uses once subsidence monitoring of backfilled opencut areas and dumps indicates that total settlement has reached acceptable levels. The study involved the documentation of existing site environmental parameters and the delineation of site opportunities and constraints. The unpredictable nature of settlement over backfilled opencuts and overburden dumps represents the major constraint to urban development on mined areas.

Jan 1, 1987

Partnering has come to prominence in the Australian construction industry in a formal sense this decade. The high level of disputation in the building and civil construction industries in the 1980s drove its development in both Australia and North America. PartneringÆs use has been most prominent in the construction industry, particularly in the civil and construction sectors of the industry. It has found favour in some mining development projects, one of the most notable being BHP MineralÆs Cannington project in NW Queensland. This paper examines the requirements of successful partnering agreements and describes in detail the mine development partnering agreement at Cannington. In particular, the paper discusses the authorÆs experience and recommendations for partnering to avoid contractual problems and achieve win û win project outcomes for all parties to major mining projects.

Jan 1, 1999

By S R. Hencher

The development and availability of modern software for cavern design over recent years has provided design engineers with a range of usable design tools. The paper discusses the range of modern software available, presents a design methodology, reviews ground investigation requirements and software available for data processing and management, and discusses requirements and common analytical considerations with reference to typical packages. Caution is given of the tendency for readily available and user friendly software to be used without a full appreciation of the underlying engineering principles.

Jan 1, 1999

By Erceg MM

The Red Dome deposit is located about 15 kilometres by road west of Chillagoe in far north Queensland. The deposit is within a well known band of mineralisation which is adjacent to the Chillagoe - Mungana railway line. Earlier this century several mines were operating in this area, some of which were supplying feed-stock to the copper smelters which were operating in Chillagoe at that time.The area around Chillagoe has long been an interesting geological region with numerous locations exhibiting significant gold and base metal mineralisation.The Red Dome area of some time, however it was not became involved that the apparent. The upsurge in seventies added further investment.mineralisation had been known for until Noel Adam, a prospector,true potential of the area became the gold price in the late encouragement for additional

Jan 1, 1986

This paper discusses the concepts of core risk associated with mining projects and operations and illustrates the types of core geotechnical risks and consequences that may relate to a range of different mining methods, with recommendations on risk management procedures to ensure that the core risks are under constant and ongoing scrutiny and priority management focus. These core geotechnical risks can and should be identified at the initial mining method selection stage, during a feasibility study. They should form part of the auditing of the project and the decision-making regarding the project viability. They should then be built into the ongoing management structure of the project, right through into ongoing operations, with regular audit and review.

Jan 1, 2003

To reduce the corrosion of a stainless steel crystallizer, caused by accumulation of chloride impurity in the liquor during the crystallization of ammonium sulphate, a strongly basic anion exchange resin in the sulphate form may be used to remove the chloride from the liquor. The spent resin may be regenerated with dilute ammonium sulphate.The ions involved are sorbed by the resin in the order Equation 1. The sorption of chloride from the liquor and the regeneration of the resin depend upon the effect of concentration on the formation of the the ion pair NH6SO4. The sulphate ion dominates sorption from dilute solution of ammonium sulphate containing minor amounts of choride; choride ion dominates sorption from concentrated solution.

Jan 1, 1976

The New Zealand experience has shown that the trend in technologi- cal change in gold extraction can be characterised by a systems approach which grows progressively broader with advances in understanding and allowing for an increasing number of factors. The Australian experience has demonstrated that the elements of developing an exportable process include allowing projects to prolifer- ate where substantial entrepreneural involvement is likely to occur. In both countries useful technological breakthroughs were invariably discarded when first tried at operations not well established and under great pressure of achieving and maintaining production. It required the efforts of persistent individuals at operations which had become bedded in and profitable, to follow the initial work up and commercialise it.

Jan 1, 1988

By T S. Fayram

The successful application of flotation is now over one hundred years old. However in a practical industrial sense, it still remains predominantly an art rather than a quantifiable science. Moreover, the laboratory testing, interpretation and application of the technology can still be tedious, time consuming and costly. This paper outlines the use of proven statistical design of experimentation software for rapid optimisation of flotation testing with limited representative sample utilisation. This results in less costly required testing, a more thorough understanding of results and the ability to simultaneously optimise several variables and outcomes at once. At the Center for Advanced Mineral and Metallurgical Processing, this testing methodology has been used successfully in many metallurgical development and plant optimisation projects thereby confirming its real world utility and application.

Jan 1, 2005

The reasons for using SFRS, including the way a SFRS performs in comparison to plain shotcrete as a support element in mining tunnels, are discussed. The mechanisms by which steel fibres reinforce shotcrete and the need for specifying performance criteria are highlighted. A description of current testing procedures, including an overview of æquantitativeÆ design recommendations provided from various international authorities, is provided. A summary of international recommendations on suitable æqualitativeÆ performance classifications is also reviewed, including a critique of their suitability. Finally recommendations on the practical considerations necessary to ensure good quality, in-place SFRS, are made, including a calculation method for determining minimum steel fibre dosages.

Jan 1, 1999

Outbursts of coal and gas are coupled both in their nature and mechanism and take place under varied sets of physical and geological conditions. The main interacting factors are geology and seam structure, seam gas composition and pressure and strata stress. By pre-draining the seam gas in advance of workings one of the factors contributing to outbursts is removed. One method of pre- draining gas from the coal seam or from areas of geological disturbance is to drill long horizontal holes in the coal seam. The technology to drill horizontal holes up to 600 m in the coal seam is now available by hydraulic control of the rotation and thrust on the drill bit and accurate survey methods to determine the vertical and horizontal position of the drill bit.

Jan 1, 1980

This paper will present a series of examples drawn for a number of Australian and international mining companies showing their recent attempts at optimisation of capital. The results will be compared, contrasted and discussed in the light of six factors that are considered crucial to any analysis of this subject. The factors are: ò the market availability of capital ò the corporate strategy and performance ò the capital structure appropriate to the corporate positioning within the industry ò the parties to the optimisation equation ò the measurement of success of optimisation The factors above are not mutually exclusive and are generally interdependent so their order above is of little consequence. Other papers presented at this conference will dwell in more depth on all these factors, therefore this paper shall focus only on the key elements of each factor. By way of summary this paper will also address the issue of the longevity of optimisation - is it temporary or long term.

Jan 1, 1991

Metal smelting is seeing a continual increase in intensity and throughput in recent years. This is done with increasing demand for cost/capital efficiency, higher recovery, and managed environmental impact, among other things. With the development of more intense smelting processes, the issues of refractory wear, mixing and separation of reacting phases and the nature of the reactions between them become more prominent. Understanding of interfacial phenomena is in growing need, in addition to knowledge of the bulk properties of equilibrium and transportation. The GKW CRC has a suite of projects aimed at developing various techniques and expertise to provide information of interfaces in metallurgical systems. This article illustrates some recent development in this area, particularly in studies of melt/refractory contacts, the determination of surface and interfacial tension of metal/slag/matte melts, modelling slag-metal mixing and studies of kinetics of the smelting reactions.

Jan 1, 2000

P'his per describes the training and methods development programme in the Concen- trators at Isa Mine. The benefits of such a prosoo .n:e '.__-. _ 'ueen highlighted.

Jan 1, 1978