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By Cleland N. Conwell

Coals are found in all parts of Alaska, ranging in geologic age from Carboniferous to Tertiary, and grading from lignite through anthracite. Only the Matanuska and Nenana coal fields have been extensively developed. Nenana Field Today roughly 94% of the coal mined in Alaska comes from the Nenana field near Healy. The coal-bearing horizons in the Nenana field are found in a sedimentary sequence of Tertiary age approximately 2800 ft in thickness. The sediments rest directly on schists of possible Precambrian age. Individual coal beds in the field have been designated by both letters and numbers, starting with the alphabetical designations from A to G, and the numbers 1 to 6. Of these coals, the principal beds that are mined are F, 1, 2, and 3. These vary greatly in thickness, e.g., bed 1 ranges to over 50 ft, and beds 2 and 3 to 30-40 ft.

Jan 10, 1972

By Winston W. Spencer

ALTHOUGH by far the largest A consumer of platinum metals in the world, the United States until recently has been in- significant as a producer. Writing in the "Minerals Yearbook" for 1939, H. W. Davis states that 1938 probably marked the beginning of an- other period of transition in the world production of the platinum metals. In that year, he says, their production in the United States jumped to 49,380 oz., or fourth in the rank of world output. In the ten-year period 1925 to 1934 United States output ,averaged only 8300 oz. Practically all of this sudden in- crease in production is attributable to the introduction of mechanized equipment at the placer deposits in the Goodnews Bay district of Alaska. This district adjoins the Bering Sea and Kuskokwim Bay (accented on the first syllable), and is approximately 120 miles south of the mouth of the Kuskokwim River. The nearest village and post office is Platinum, which lies about eleven miles north- east of the Goodnews Bay Mining Company's camp. A good gravel road connects the mine camp and the village.

Jan 1, 1940

Jan 1, 1904

By H. H. Stoek, G. W. Harries

The term " Anthracite Coal-Field " is generally used to refer to a comparatively small territory lying in the eastern-central part of Pennsylvania. This territory includes about 3,300 sq. miles of area, located chiefly in five counties in which anthracite-mining is the dominant industry. Although an area of 3,300 sq. miles is embraced in the region, less than one-fifth of this area, or only 484 sq. miles, is underlain by workable coal-seams. Moreover, this prorluctive portion is not a continuous area, but consists of a number of detached basins. These are known as the Northern, containing 176 sq. miles; Eastern-Middle, containing 133 sq. miles; Southern, containing 181 sq. miles; and western-Middle,containing 194 sq. miles. From the standpoint of business and trade, the region is divided into three districts, known as (1) the Wyoming, which includes the Northern field and the small Bernice basin; (2) the Lehigh region, which includes all of the Eastern Middle field and that part of the Southern field east of Tamaqua; and (3) the Schuylkill region, which includes the WesL ern-Middle field and that part of the Southern field west of Tamaqua. The relative commercial importance of these districts at the present time is shown by the coal-shipments as given in the following table :

Jan 1, 1904

By R. V. Norris

The great coal strike of 1902, which confined the work at the Short Mountain colliery of the Lykens Valley Coal Com pany almost exclusively to pumping, gave an opportunity to determine with considerable accuracy the cost of pumping the water from these very old, extensive and wet mines. This colliery, which is located in the extreme southwestern end of the anthracite coal-field, has been operated continuously since 1836, and has shipped 7,747,313 tons of coal. This and the Williamstown colliery are the only operations in Dauphin county. The workings cover about 5 miles along the North dip of the extreme westerly end of the basin, with the operating slopes near the center. They extend around the westerly spoon of the basin and back about 31/4 miles easterly on the South dip. The mines are very deep, the present workings ex tending to 711 ft. below sea-level, and about 1600 ft. below the lowest surface-opening. The coal is hoisted principally from the Short Mountain slope, which is 1550 ft. long, with 26 to 68 degrees dip, and from an inside slope, No. 4, 800 ft. long, with 52 to 72 degrees dip. The ordinary capacity of the colliery is about 1000 tons per day, and the average output for the years 1897 to 1901, in clusive, was 297,000 tons per year. The seams worked are the lowest Red Ash measures, being, respectively, Nos. I, II and III of the coal-bed series, but locally called the " Little Lykens," " Lykens," and " Whites." On the accompanying plan the Lykens seam is shown in full and the Whites in dotted lines. The pumping-plant is divided into four lifts, the pumps being located as shown in the section, Fig. 1, and the plan, Fig. 2.

Jan 1, 1904

By Charles W. Dickson

Jan 1, 1904

By Rob Barber

This paper shares the experience of the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (EUB) Field Surveillance Branch over the past few years in building relationships with Aboriginal communities. Our goal is to provide and encourage best practices that may benefit you and your organization and result in strong, mutually beneficial relationships with a focus on Aboriginal communities. Historical information provides insight that aids in establishing effective working relationships with Aboriginal communities. An important component is appreciation of the perspective of these communities, which is achieved through awareness training. The use of local Aboriginal resource people as part of the training is recommended. A plan that is supported by management and staff is essential and lays the foundation for successful relationships. However, the plan must be flexible enough to change as circumstances warrant. The concept of having local people in communities address local issues is essential. This ?grass roots? approach, combined with the goal of exceeding a community?s expectations with respect to addressing issues, will go a long way to establish trust and credibility. Measuring the effectiveness of this work is the final building block to complete the picture.

May 1, 2004

By Sukru Sumer

East Pit Lake is an artificially created lake that resulted from the remediation and reclamation of surface coal mining operations at TransAlta Utilities' Whitewood Mine in the Wabamun area west of Edmonton, Alberta. The original excavation resulted from the creation of a mine end cut at the northern extent of the mining operation. The area of the surficial drainage basin that feeds East Pit Lake was relatively small. Therefore, most of the inflow and outflow from the lake would result from regional ground water flow. There was a concern about the lake's ability to provide a suitable habitat for a sportfish population. To determine the final recovered water level and rates of recovery, a two-dimensional ground water flow model was used. Data supplied by nested piezometers in and around the mine were used to calibrate the computer simulation and assess predicted recovery.

Jan 1, 1995

By Y. G. Seredkin, A. A. Vasiliev, A. Y. Senchenko, A. V. Aksenov

"The valuable materials resulting from the processing of gold-bearing ores are often refractory to direct gold recovery through cyanidation. There are multiple methods for chemical liberation of gold prior to cyanidation such as pressure and biological oxidation as well as atmospheric oxidation which is typically used in combination with physical activation of material by ultrafine grinding such as the Albion ProcessTM. This paper will examine the data from process testworks carried out to estimate the efficiency of the Albion Process™ for the oxidation of materials with a wide composition range prior to cyanidation. The data will be compared to that obtained by direct cyanidation of the feed (without oxidation) and from the testing of pressure oxidation on the feed prior to cyanidation. Albion Process™ tests were conducted in Institute TOMS with participation of Glencore Technology Pty Ltd (Australia). Refractory concentrates obtained from the ores of several Russian and CIS deposits were used as feed for the testing. These concentrates were also subjected to a material composition study and testing using conventional recovery methods. The resulted test data make it possible to perform an integrated assessment of process properties for materials with different compositions, compare performance of various process flowsheets for the materials under study, and conclude on efficiency of Albion Process™ application for gold recovery from refractory materials different in their composition.INTRODUCTION It is often the case that gold ore concentrates are refractory to gold recovery by direct cyanidation. This refractory nature is as a rule attributable to fine gold dissemination in minerals, most often in pyrite and other sulphides, as well as to the increased amount of components impeding cyanide leaching of gold due to cyanide consumption and reducing process conditions. The refractoriness of the concentrates results in low gold recovery values when conventional cyanidation technology is used. In this context, various additional processes are applied to breakdown such refractory sulphide concentrates, i.e. mechanical breakdown (fine and ultrafine grinding), chemical breakdown (atmospheric oxidation, e.g. Leachox, acid-oxygen oxidation, pressure oxidation – POX, bacterial oxidation – BIOX), and thermochemical breakdown (various roasting methods). Such breakdown processes allow for increase in recovery of finely disseminated gold during the downstream cyanidation, however, their application is cost-intensive and does not always ensure economic benefit."

Jan 1, 2018

By Murat Budakoglu

Albite (NaA1Si308) is one of the important raw materials for the rapidly developing Turkish ceramic and glass industry. Prior to 1980, development of the ceramic industry in terms of raw material was dependent upon small-scale mining operations; in the last decade, these efforts have increased substantially. The aim of this study is to investigate the geochemical properties and distribution of albite occurrences in the Kocayayla district, which is about 12 km northeast of the town of Milas, about 50 km west of the city of Mugla in southwestern Anatolia. Kocayayla is also well known for its famous ancient city, Labranda. The field area is located in the Menderes Massif, which was formed by major tectonic events during the Late Proterozoic and subsequent periods. The target area was studied to prepare a detailed geological map (scale, 1:10,000), and to determine the formation of albite-mica-schist-quartzite borders in the host rock gneiss. To do this, systematic sampling of albite was done in the two main areas, the Sarikaya and Yumruta? regions. In the study area, albite zones are scattered within an area of about 20 km2, and they extend in a northeast-southwest direction; mica-schists and quartzite veins accompany these units. Mineralogical observations show that quartz is the main mineral associated with albite. In the ceramic industry, the albite + quartz assemblage is well known and is classified as "standard" or "super type," depending upon the content of TiO2 and Fe203. In this study, the Sarikaya albites (profile I) exhibit remarkably lower TiO2 (0.15% on the average) values contrasted to that of Yumruta? (profile 11; 0.24% on the average), whereas Fe203 values vary slightly from 0.076% to 0.085% in both regions.

Jan 1, 1999

By G. Forté, R. Girard

The Alcan Bayer Process Experimental Centre (BEC) is an essential development tool for the Bauxite & Alumina researchers at the Alcan Arvida Research and Development Centre in Jonquiere, Quebec. Between the laboratory tests and the industrial prototypes or the industrial applications, the BEC is a key element for technology transfers. The Bayer process is the extraction of aluminium oxide (or alumina) from the bauxite ore. The Bayer Experimental Centre's history and flowsheet are presented. The major pieces of equipment are described. Safety and design considerations are presented. Finally, examples of applications, double digestion and pressure decantation, are briefly described.

Jan 1, 2004

By Luis Muxica

El presente describe la importancia de la investigación operativa y su relación con los fenómenos macroeconómicos y microeconómicos. La investigación operativa es un conjunto de técnicas que tienen por objetivo común el estudio del comportamiento óptimo de "sistemas". Dicho comportamiento óptimo está regularizado por "funciones de efectividad" e implica tomar ciertas 'decisiones". Los "sistemas" son de la índole más variada y van desde "estrategias militares" hasta políticas de empresas, estudios de mercado, desarrollo económico, aplicaciones matemáticas, estudios heurísticos y problemas de investigación científica. Así también se revisa el control de producción, personal, existencias.

Jul 1, 1960

By Sonia Güiza González

"El texto describe la aplicación de tres marcas de analizadores portátiles en diversas compañías peruanas, las cuales dan a conocer los alcances analíticos de esta herramienta en creciente auge a nivel mundial. Dicho analizador portátil de fluorescenciade rayos X (AP-FRX) genera resultados químicos de los núcleos de perforación, sin esperar el tiempo que tarda en entregar los resultados un laboratorio químico convencional, así como mapas geoquímicos a la par del desarrollo del trabajo de campo, evalúa prospectos y proyectos de impacto ambiental. "

Jun 1, 2013

By Hugo Toledo, Karin Batallanos, Antonio Bravo, Rafael Carpio

Este documento técnico ha sido desarrollado a partir de una perspectiva empresarial orientada hacia la optimización de los recursos y activos con el objetivo de aumentar la rentabilidad del negocio. Para lograr este propósito, fue crucial la apertura y sinergia y entre las áreas de Mina, Planta y Mantenimiento, ya que su interacción conjunta desempeña un papel crucial en la consecución de nuestros objetivos.

Sep 29, 2023

THE LIFE and works of Alexander Agassiz, first president of the Calumet & Hecla Mining Co., were recalled to memory when a monument bearing his statue was unveiled in Agassiz Park, at Calumet, Mich., on Sept. 26, The statue is the work of Paul W. Bartlett, of New York, and was erected by George R. Agassiz, eldest son of Alexander Agassiz. We are indebted to Rodolphe L. Agassiz, now president of the Calumet & Hecla Consolidated, for the accompanying photograph of the statue. The principal address at the unveiling ceremony was delivered by Allen F. Rees, of Houghton, who said, in part: To the world at large Alexander Agassiz was preeminently the man of science. With all his devotion to the industrial life of this district, he found the time to devote to the con-tinuation of his work of scientific research which had been the life work of his fa-ther, Louis Agassiz. Not only did he acquire eminence for his scientific at-tainments and learn-ing, but he was recognized and hon-ored throughout the civilized world for his achievements and accomplishments in the realm of original research. His work in the fields of nat-ural science, in oceanography, in marine zoology, and in other similar lines of research, has added much to our knowledge of the world's mysteries. His life was one of accomplishment also in the industrial world. The union in one life of acknowledged achievement as a scientist and the accomplishment of great results in the prac-tical industrial world is a rare thing, and its possibility has never been exemplified in greater measure than in his life and its results.

Jan 11, 1923

By Georg Petersen

El presente texto señala el aporte de Alexander Von Humboldt en la minería a través de "Observaciones mineralógicas sobre algunos basaltos en el Rhin" (1790) y sus posteriores exploraciones geográficas al Perú. Asimismo, impulsó vigorosamente la producción aurífera en Prusia y en 1793 fundó una Escuela de Minas, elaborando su plan de estudios. . De otro lado estableció una especie de seguro contra accidentes y enfermedad para los mineros. Entre sus principales exploraciones está su viaje entre Ayabaca y Lima que se divide en 5 etapas: Ayabaca- Huancabamba; Huancabamba Desembucadura del Río Chamaya; Desembocadura del Río Chamaya - Tomependa; Tomependa - Cajamarca; y Cajamarca-Lima.

May 1, 1959

By P B. Hills

A simple algebraic method of aligning large scale underground excavations such as a crusher station or workshop or indeed any large cavern or mine layout to the optimal stress condition is outlined. The method uses the stress transformation law to determine how the component stresses vary as the stress tensor is rotated around its axis. The aim is to define the orientations at which the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses occur such that the excavation can be aligned with its long axis paralleling the trend of the maximum horizontal stress leading to the minimum potential for overstressing of the side walls. The physical environment in which the stress field is acting is unchanged. At the design location, the trend and plunge of the major principal stress is unchanged. However, the coordinate system by which the location of the stress field is described is arbitrary and the stress transformation law allows that coordinate system to be rotated to a more convenient orientation and for the component stresses to be calculated within the alterative coordinate system. The stress field is typically described in terms of normal and shear stresses aligned to a north–south, east–west, vertical, coordinate system. In this scenario, there are two orientations in the 360° horizontal plane defined by the coordinate system where the horizontal normal stresses are equal, and at 45° to those orientations, two orientations where they diverge to the maximum extent. Those orientations of maximum divergence correspond to the trend of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses, usually designated σH and σh, and that is what the algebraic manipulation seeks to determine. This technique is a first pass assessment which relies on a knowledge of the full stress tensor. It is not a replacement for numerical modelling or detailed design, but a tool to guide planning.

Nov 29, 2022

By M. W. Airth

ON THE 6TH JULY in the year 1953 an announcement was made to the public that touched off one of the greatest staking rushes in the history of mining in Canada and resulted, in tl1e space of a few short years, in the development of the greatest reserves of uranium-bearing ore in the world. It was ?On this date that the famous "Blind River back-door staking bee" was completed with the acquisition of some 2,000 claims by the Preston East Do me-Technical Mine Consultant teams under the direction of Mr. Franc Joubin and Mr. Robert C. Hart. That story has been told from coast to Coast and is too well known now to re-quire elaboration. Suffice to say that, in the short elapsed time of less tl1an five years from that momentous summer of 1953, three of the Algoma mines are in full production, three more are rapidly nearing full production, five more 1are approaching the production stage, a new hard-surfaced highway, 108, has been built to serve the area, and a brand new, completely planned city, Elliot Lake, is being built to provide the amenities of living to the 22,000 people already in the area.

Jan 1, 1958

By Javier Illanes, Maurice Moore, Felipe Moroni, Rafael Acosta

Any organization that subjects its activities to a continuous improvement process must be able to adequately measure the results of the implemented changes in order to pursue better results over time. This is no different for mining companies. When it comes to blasting, an accurate fragmentation analysis can correlate blast design and rock mass parameters to particle size distribution, enabling us to further analyze the correspondence of specific design patterns, applied to specific rock mass properties and the result in measured fragmentation indicators, such as P80 and fines percentage.

Sep 30, 2022

By Y. J. Wang

The Hardy Cross iterative method is the most popular technique for solving a ventilation network problem with natural air splitting. This method traditionally solves each mesh equation by an approximation during each iteration. Thus, it is interesting from both a theoretical and a computational viewpoint to be able to solve for an exact solution to the mesh equation. Presented in this paper is an algorithm for computing the exact solution to the mesh equation with a variable fan pressure. The algorithm uses signum functions for air quantities to generate an alternative mesh equation in the form of a quadratic equation that has two solutions defined by the well-known quadratic formula. The condition that the derivatives of the alternative and the original equations must be the same provides a basis for the correct choice between the solutions.

Jan 1, 1998