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By Paul J. O'brien, George N. Neary

"The base metal mine at Buchans, Newfoundland, has been producing since 1928. For many years, mill tailings were disposed of by dumping into a nearby natural watercourse via which they were transported to Red Indian Lake and deposited. In 1965, environmental concerns prompted the establishment of settling ponds near the mine site. Effluents fed to these ponds included slimes washed from mine backfill sand and waste water pumped from underground as well as mill tailings. Dusting around the perimeter of the ponds was first observed around 1970and within a couple ofyears reached serious proportions. A program to alleviate the condition by developing a vegetative cover over the tailings was commenced in 1974. The work was successfully carried out and demonstrated that the large area of waste could sustain a permanent cover of grasses.This paper outlines the experimental work done at Buchans as well as the procedures followed and the problems encountered in carrying out full-scale revegetation."

Jan 1, 1981

By John E. Newby

The Brightwater Conveyance System consists of four tunnel segments in three tunnel con-tracts, comprising over 21,760 m (71,400 ft) of pressurized face tunneling in complex glacial and non-glacial soft ground conditions with a large proportion 60 m (197 ft) or more below the ground surface with up to 7 bars groundwater head. This resulted in unique technical challenges for establishing geotechnical baseline values. The process used to develop these baseline values and specifications with regard to the level of risk that the owner, King County, was willing to accept is described in this paper.

Jan 1, 2008

By W Donovan

Concern exists about the potential release of metals from the proposed mining operation at Martha Hill to the Ohinemuri River. Speculation on possible impacts is fuelled by the dearth of published data on existing metal levels not only for this river system but for streams throughout the Coromandel. At first sight this lack of data is surprising given the apparent interest in this subject and the fact that future mining activity in this region has been a possibility since at least 1979. That such a situation has arisen is not altogether unexpected given the difficulties faced by various organisations, including the mining industry, in determining metal levels which are generally acknowledged to be low. This paper presents data for a number of stations in the vicinity of the proposed operation; it explains the analytical procedures which were adopted and the rationale for them and relates the information which has been obtained to water quality criteria.

Jan 1, 1986

By Tony Lipiec, Chris Fleming, Larry Urbanoski

In 2009, the Canadian Mineral Processors (CMP) became aware that Canadian securities regulators were amending the contents of National Instrument 43-101. NI 43-101 is a set of regulations which establish how ore resources and reserves are presented to the investing public. The documents produced under NI 43-101 are central to the ability of many companies to raise financing for their projects. With the increase of metallurgical complexity, and decrease of head grades encountered in new deposits, the role of the Qualified Person (QP) in determining process performance has become increasingly critical in determining the classification category of resources and reserves. Given the challenges confronted by those involved in defining the concentration and extraction of minerals and metals, there is a need to provide support to these QPs. To address these concerns, the CMP established a sub-committee in 2010 to create a set of guideline documents to assist the QP involved in process matters as to what should be included at the various levels of study supporting the establishment of resources and reserves in NI 43- 101. The results of the sub-committee work are presented and the considerations in the writing of the documents are discussed.

Jan 1, 2011

By R Shrimali, P Rajmeny, L Shekhawat, A Joshi

Rampura Agucha open pit mine has successfully been excavated to a depth of 320 m, incorporating multistage working. The key to success is the implementation of presplitting as control blast measures at every stage of mining, including intermediate cut backs, in addition to the final wall. The major challenges encountered in establishing presplitting in the hang wall as compared to the footwall of the mine are:reversely dipping foliation, ie dipping into the hang wall itselfstriking obliquely at an angle of 20–30° with regards to the general strike of the pit wallthe presence of numerous geological planes of weaknesses like major faults, slips, etc.Control blast parameters like hole inclination, spacing and stand-off with buffer row were chosen initially from the literature survey and were subsequently fine-tuned by field trials to the mine geo-mining conditions of the hang wall. Electronic initiation used for trim blasts along with double presplitting in fault-affected zones helped in getting better presplit performance and resultant stability of the hang wall.CITATION:Rajmeny, P, Shrimali, R, Shekhawat, L and Joshi, A, 2015. Establishing the design parameters of a control blast for long-term stability of the hang wall at Rampura Agucha Mine, in Proceedings 11th International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, pp 437–446 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Aug 24, 2015

By S. Rupprecht

Project evaluations of mineral deposits are necessary for mineral rights, owners and investors alike. A feasibility study provides a definitive technical, environmental and commercial base and is the key element leading to a decision to invest or not to invest. For example, the study may be used to justify further exploration and development expenditure or to provide a basis for a major underwriting to raise the required capital. There are three distinct phases in the development of a project and the type of study will differ depending on the quality of information available or the level of decision to be made. This paper looks at these three phases in the development of a mineral project and the type of study required; namely, a scoping study, prefeasibility, and a full feasibility study. Keywords: scoping studies, feasibility studies, mining projects.

Jan 1, 2004

By B. Jago

From the perspective of metallurgical processing, gold ores can be classified into freemilling and refractory ores. Their extractive metallurgy is largely driven by mineralogical factors such as gold particle size, association with other minerals, coatings and rimmings, presence of cyanicides, oxygen consumers and preg-robbers, presence of refractory gold minerals, and invisible gold in sulphide and sulpharsenide minerals. Gold process mineralogy helps address issues and problems related to gold ore processing. It is widely used as a predictive and trouble-shooting tool in gold ore processing, and provides useful information on process selection, flowsheet development, recovery improvement, and reagent consumption optimization. By combining classic mineralogical techniques, modern instrumental analysis, and diagnostic metallurgy, the mineralogist is able to balance the various types of gold occurrence in an ore.

Jan 1, 2006

By Bruce Jago, Joe Zhou, Chris Martin

"From the perspective of metallurgical processing, gold ores can be classified into free-milling and refractory ores. Their extractive metallurgy are largely driven by mineralogical factors such as: gold particle size, association with other minerals, coatings and rimmings, presence of cyanicides, oxygen consumers and preg-robbers, presence of refractory gold minerals and locking of submicroscopic gold in sulfide mineral structure etc. Gold process mineralogy helps address issues and problems related to gold ore processing. It provides useful information on process selection, flowsheet development, recovery improvement and reagent consumption optimization. By combining classic mineralogical techniques, modern instrumental analysis and diagnostic metallurgy, the mineralogist is able to balance the various types of gold occurrence in an ore. This paper will provide a broad review of gold process mineralogy and the techniques available, and use case studies to describe how they can be used together, to provide the complete picture of gold process mineralogy in an ore. Examples will be used where applicable.INTRODUCTIONSince the early 1980’s, a great deal of work has been done in the characterization of gold ores, particularly refractory ores (Gasparrini, 1983; Wang, 1984; Hausen, 1985; Haines, 1986; Henley, 1989; Chryssoulis et al., 1990; Wang et al., 1992, 1994; Kojonen, 1999; Simon et al., 1999; Hong et al., 2000; Pals et al, 2003). Process mineralogy has come into its own as a respected inter-discipline in the fields of mineralogy and metallurgy – a subject that occupies an important place in both research and industry. As the free-milling gold ores are being depleted and more refractory ores are being discovered and processed, gold process mineralogy receives more and more attention from both the mineralogist and metallurgist as it helps to solve various problems encountered during gold ore processing. Steadily rising gold prices are also stimulating the need for gold process mineralogy due to the increasing demand for and production of the yellow metal. At SGS Lakefield Research, gold process mineralogy studies are conducted routinely on all types of gold ores and mill products to assist in a wide variety of metallurgical projects. This paper will briefly discuss the gold ore types and gold mineralogy, review the common mineralogical factors affecting gold extractive metallurgy and the techniques available to gold process mineralogy, introduce the procedure employed at SGS Lakefield Researc"

Jan 1, 2004

By Yongping Wu

Roadway deformation and stress migration occur with uncertainty and randomness because of geology, tunneling and mining influence. In order to study the surrounding rock deformation and failure mechanisms in three-dimensional stress state, an air return roadway of Yuanyang Lake mine of Shenhua Ningxia Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd. was chosen as a research object. The three-dimensional model was a designed and completed experiment with a dynamic-static coupling load. The model was loaded by hydraulic cylinder, simulating the in-situ rock stress field and the induced stress field of surrounding rock. The deformation monitoring system of the roadway model was constituted by optical total stations, borehole observation instruments, acoustic emission monitoring, and stress sensors. A wealth of data was obtained through an omni observation of surface displacement, characteristics of stress distribution, and deformation and failure of surrounding model material. By acoustic-optic-electric methods, a real-time testing on physical, mechanical, and damage parameters was realized through the experimental process. The results showed that the data of deformation and failure obtained from the deformation monitoring system of the roadway were authentic, which has great significance for warning and forecasting safety hazards of surrounding rock in coal mines.

Jan 1, 2013

By Naoki Hosoya, Setsuo Maeda

This paper addresses establishment of an experimental system for measuring biodynamic response (BR) of hand-arm system at the NIIH in Japan. BR measurement system at the NIIH is nearly equivalent to NIOSH installed system. The feasibility of the system is examined through the apparent mass (AM) measurement of the empty handle and a set of calibration masses. Apparatus The grip force was measured by using the handle shown in Fig. 1. The handle has two force sensors (KISTLER, 9212) and one accelerometer (PCB, 356A12). A low-pass filter with 5 Hz cut-off frequency was used to the grip force from measured force signal. Figure 2 shows BR measurement system in this study. The push or pull force at the handle was measured by using the force plate (KISTLER, 9286AA). The grip force and the push / pull force were displayed on a monitor. The shaker (IMV, VE-100S) is used to vibrate the hand-arm system along the forearm axis (Zh direction) (ISO 10068, 1998; ISO 5349-1, 2001). In most situations force actions for operating tools are expressed by grip, push, pull and combined these actions. These actions can be simulated in the test system. AM was obtained by performing H1 estimator in the PULSETM system (B&K, 3109) and it is denoted at the one-third octave band center frequencies. [ ] Methods In order to investigate the reliability of the system, AM measurement of the handle was performed. It is assumed that the handle is rigid in the upper limit of adoptive frequency range in this study. This assumption is validated in AM measurement of the empty handle. A pseudo-random vibration in the frequency range of 10 to 1,250 Hz was used and its amplitude is 1.0 (m/s2)2/Hz with a flat power spectral density (PSD) in the experiment. Measured AM includes the mass effect of the measuring cap in a subject experiment. Compensated apparent mass AMc(?) is obtained by Eq. (1) 1-2.

Jan 6, 2006

By D. J. de Beer

South Africa had a late start with rapid prototyping (RP), with the first system being available in 1991. Up to 1994 only three systems were available in SA. Through active research participation from the CSIR and a number of universities, supported by technology transfer programmes and industry awareness workshops, adoption of RP technologies started to grow. Internationally, RP grew to the extent that several country-based member organizations were formed, and an initiation meeting of the Global Alliance of RP Associations (GARPA) took place during the SME Rapid Conference in Dearborn, USA in 1998. South Africa (SA) was invited under the auspices of the Time Compression Technologies Centre (TCTC) launched by the CSIR, and received an invitation to become a member of GARPA through the launch of a national, inclusive organization. The latter gave rise to a RAPDASA planning/launch meeting held at the University of Stellenbosch, which culminated in the first RAPDASA international conference held in November 2000 at the CSIR, and the election of a first RAPDASA management committee, also at the 1st AGM held during the conference. RAPDASA has been a pillar of strength since then, with an annual international conference being presented. As South Africa?s RP awareness grew through the RAPDASA and independent activities, so did the availability of RP platforms in SA.SA also became a benchmark for other countries/late adopters to follow, as slowly a position of following became a position of leading through innovative applications. The paper highlights SA?s development approach and history, together with the discussion of case studies in various fields. Contribution to the light metals industry will also be discussed. Keywords Rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing, product design, rapid tooling, rapid manufacturing, medical product development.

Jan 1, 2011

By AIME AIME

ON THE occasion of the eightieth birthday of Captain Robert W. Hunt, the Iron and Steel Committee of the Institute, desiring to commemorate the great contributions made to the steel industry by Captain Hunt during his long career, conceived the idea of a Hunt Medal to be awarded annually by the Institute for meritorious contributions to the art of making steel. The project was received enthusiastically by all to whom it was proposed, especially by Captain Hunt's partners and employees who considered it their right, and asked for the privilege of -. - raising the necessary funds within their own circle. This was agreed to, and the Institute has received from them $7500 as an endowment fund to provide an annual award, and $1000 for the expenses of providing of medal.

Jan 1, 1920

By Rodrigo Cortés

La biooxidación de minerales de oro refractarios y concentrados es un proceso biotecnológico de tratamiento compuesto de microorganismos oxidadores de hierro y azufre que se ha implementado en distintos países del mundo como Perú, Australia, China y Sudáfrica. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala la minería peruana y las opciones biotecnologicas para el tratamiento de mineral refractario a través del uso de reactores de tanque agitados y lixiviación en pilas.

May 1, 2014

By Altair Lucio de Souza

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar os principais modelos matemáticos e pacotes tecnológicos da nova linha de Laminação de Tiras a Quente da Gerdau e vantagem desses modelos no desenvolvimento de aços HTP (High Temperature Processing). Essa linha tem uma das mais modernas tecnologias de sistemas de automação com modelos matemáticos de alta performance para um laminador a quente.

Jul 30, 2018

By Bruno Leonardy Sousa Lopes

Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar a correlação entre as fases constituintes do aço superdúplex SAF 2507 na junta soldada por processo MIG-MAG, considerando os efeitos da energia de soldagem nas propriedades mecânicas e de corrosão. Os resultados mostraram que a energia de soldagem causou mudanças no balanço das fases a/?, na formação pontual da fase s nos contornos de grãos ferriticos e mudanças de microdureza e tenacidade nas regiões da zona fundida (ZF) e zona termicamente afetada (ZTA), além de promover o aumento da fase ? e do índice de resistência à corrosão por pite (PREN?), quanto maior energia de soldagem. Entretanto, a tenacidade na ZF diminuiu mesmo com maior formação da fase ?, coalescimento dos grãos ferriticos, elevando a microdureza na ZTA sob baixa energia de soldagem. Assim, espera-se que estes resultados permitam estabelecer diretrizes para procedimentos de reparo em aços superdúplex sob processo de soldagem

Aug 17, 2017

By Luciano Prieto A

La presente investigación refiere el patron de mineralización en Toquepala a través de un método de trabajo estadístico, el cual dispone de un valor promedio y representativo de un conjunto de valores, constituyéndose en sí mismo el punto de partida para hacer apreciaciones de tipo estadístico. Asimismo se describe la geología general, la mineralización por los tipos de roca, las zonas de mineralización y un estudio de la estadística del minado que comprende las reservas minadas de 1975 y 1976, encontrándose que el 68% de la producción mineral fue hecha de brechas y pórfido de dacita y en el que aproximadamente el 60% de la reserva actual está constituida por estas dos mismas unidades litológicas.

Nov 20, 1978

By Jefferson Haag

A análise da estampabilidade de chapas metálicas consiste em ensaios e testes tecnológicos para obtenção de características específicas para os processos aos quais o material será submetido. Dentre as principais análises, pode-se destacar o ensaio de tração, a curva de escoamento e o índice de anisotropia, que fornecem dados a respeito do comportamento mecânico dos materiais, como a resistência, a ductilidade, o encruamento, entre outros. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a estampabilidade dos aços carbono AISI 1008 e AISI 1010 através dos ensaios de tração, ensaios para determinação da curva de escoamento e ensaios para determinação do índice de anisotropia. Para tanto, foram extraídos corpos de prova de chapas dos dois aços de baixo carbono, seguindo as normas ASTM E8/E8M e ASTM E517, para realização e análise dos resultados dos ensaios. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se aferir que o aço 1008 possui maior ductilidade e melhores características anisotrópicas do que o aço 1010, que por sua vez apresenta maior resistência mecânica. Portanto, é possível concluir que o aço AISI 1008 apresenta melhor estampabilidade a partir de todas as propriedades adquiridas nos ensaios mecânicos.

Oct 30, 2017

By Claudio Pereira Diogo

Este trabalho descreve a estampagem a quente seguida de têmpera promovida pela matriz de estampagem. As peças obtidas por esta técnica podem apresentar uma resistência de até 1,6GPa, portanto bem acima das peças equivalentes produzidas através de estampagem a frio ou obtidas com aços conformáveis de alta resistência. O processo permite efetiva redução de peso em importantes componentes estruturais de segurança do automóvel com qualidade dimensional, grande resistência mecânica e à fratura, características essas essenciais a um processo produtivo eficiente e para obter um produto seguro, assim indo ao encontro das necessidades impostas pelo Inovarauto.

Aug 8, 2018

By Hebert Arias, Christian Mendoza, Mervin Tapia

El Complejo Pasco —ubicado en la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes de la sierra central del Perú, en el distrito de San Francisco de Asís, provincia y departamento de Pasco— está constituido por las unidades subterráneas de Atacocha y Porvenir, la operación a tajo abierto Glory Hole y tres proyectos brownfield ubicados en la periferia de la concesión. Tanto Atacocha como Porvenir son depósitos tipo skarn, con mineralización distal de Zn y Pb(+/-Au) y proximal de Zn+/-Cu, asociados a cuerpos hipoabisales de composición cuarzoandesítica y andesítica. Estudios y exploraciones recientes muestran otros tipos de sistemas mineralizados, como brechas tectónicas con reactivación hidrotermal tardía, un sistema epitermal de sulfuración intermedia en vetas, cuerpos irregulares, entre otros, y un sistema tipo pórfido. La Falla Milpo-Atacocha, de rumbo N-S, juega un rol importante, ya que los intrusivos (Stock Milpo y Santa Bárbara) que generan la mineralización del tipo skarn están controlados por esta falla. Existe otro tipo de mineralización, asociado al sistema NW-SE (Falla 13): un sistema epitermal de sulfuración intermedia. Este trabajo pretende mostrar los últimos avances en las interpretaciones metalogenéticas, producto de un intenso programa de exploración (aproximadamente 80,000 m. DDH / 2018) y de un programa de recategorización de recursos (a través de 60,000 m. DDH), que permitirá hacer posible una operación sostenible de 12 años.

May 22, 2019

By Mario Bendezú Chalco

La estimación de un mineral contenido en un yacimiento minero es un paso importante en el proceso de explotación. En este sentido, el texto señala la valoración de depósitos masivos de mineral a partir de la técnica del "Krigeage", la cual determina un estado lineal óptimo y calcula no solo el error cometido en la estimación, sino minimiza el error estimado. Asimismo, para lograr la aplicación del marco teórico señalado, se describe un sistema de programas compuesto de rutinas en Algol-W y Fortran IV, desarrollándose una interacción entre ellas.

Nov 20, 1978