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Division of Geology, State of Tennessee, 401 Seventh Ave, North, Nashville, Tenn. Walter F. Pond, State Geologist A selected list of Bulletins available: Bulletin 1(B), Bibliography of Tennessee geology (1911); 2(A) Outline introduction to mineral resources (1910), 2(D) Marbles (1911); 2(G) Zinc deposits (1910), 16, Red iron ores of east Tennessee (1913), 22, Geology and natural resources of Rutherford County (1920), 24(A) Geology and oil possibilities of parts of Overton, Clay, Pickett and Fentress counties (1920); 24(B) Oil and gas resources of northeastern Sumner County (1920), 26, Mineral resources of Waynesboro Quadrangle (1921); 28, Marble deposits of East Tennessee (1923), 29, Magnetic iron ores of east Tennessee (1923), 31, Zinc deposits of east Tennessee (1923), 33, Tennessee coal fields, 37, Geology and mineral resources of Hardin County, 38, Stratigraphy of the Central Basin (in press), 39, Brown iron ores of the Eastern Highland Rim (in press) From 1911 to 1919, inclusive, volumes were issued annually on The Resources of Tennessee Only a few of the separate papers contained in those volumes are now available Vol. 2 (1911): No 1, Explosions of coal dust in mines, and other papers, No. 4, Lignite and lignitic clays in west Tennessee, and other papers; 5, The growth of knowledge of Tennessee geol¬ogy; 9, The valley and mountain iron ores of east Tennessee, 10, The iron industry of Lawrence and Wayne counties, and other papers; 11, Barite deposits in the Sweetwater district, and other papers, 12, The iron ore deposits in the Tuckalioe district, and another paper Various oil maps (15 to 40 cents each) and traverse maps of counties (25 cents and 31 each) can be had, as well as pertinent U. S topographic maps.

Jan 1, 1933

By A. D. Davis, C. J. Webb, C. S. Johnson

The Belle Eldridge Mine is an inactive lead-zinc mine in Spruce Gulch south of Deadwood, South Dakota. Acidic mine drainage (AMD) produced at the site drains into Spruce Creek, a tributary of Whitewood Creek. The site is on U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) property. Extensive fieldwork was done at the Belle Eldridge Mine through the cooperation of the BLM and the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. The site was extensively mapped to identify physical and environmental hazards such as tailings, waste rock, collapsed buildings, adits and workings. An exhaustive search of the historical records of the Belle Eldridge Mine was conducted. Maps of the under-ground workings of the Belle Eldridge dating from the 1930’s and 1940’s were found. The maps were used to correlate currently collapsed features to old adits and tunnels. Using hand corers and a portable drill rig, waste rock, tailings and soil core samples were collected and depth to bedrock was determined and the total volume of waste and tailings pile were determined. Related work examined the hydrology of the site. The site is very complex hydrogeologically. Numerous underground and surface workings and tunnels add to the complexity. Several seeps are located at the site, one of which is producing AMD. Recharge to the site was studied, and a 100-year flood plain map was produced.

Jan 1, 2000

By P. J. Yttrup

Small diameter timber piles are used in Australia to solve foundation problems in soft or filled ground and expansive soil. The paper describes the results of pile load tests to develop simple methods for bearing capacity determination and observation of the performance of piles in expansive soil.

Jan 1, 1989

By George A. Morgan

Output of mineral products was estimated to be unchanged in 1983 from that of 1982 with the exception of petroleum. The country began production of crude oil from the Seme Oilfield, and all output was exported. Wd and charcoal constituted 72% of Benin's total energy consumption, and imported petroleum products and electric power accounted for the remainder. Cement was produced from imported clinker. The gross domestic product (GDP) was $1,061 million in 1982, the latest year for which information was available.2 COMMODITY REVIEW Gold.-Exploration was underway at Perma by the U.S.S.R. as part of the United Nations development program. Gold had been produced previously at Perma, where a grade of 0.289 troy ounce of gold per ton was reported, An exploitation program for the deposit was to employ about 100 people, and output was targeted to reach 1,600 troy ounces per year. Recoverable reserves were put at 96,000 troy ounces.

Jan 1, 1985

By Clarke P. E

At the end of the recent war, reports became available from Europe of the use of tungsten-carbide inserts in percussion rockdrill bits. These bits were used with small size rockdrills, so that the only advantage gained from the use of the harder, abrasion resistant, tungsten-carbide appears to have been the greater life of the bit. Larger machines, such as used in Australia in conventional practice, had to be discarded to protect the relatively brittle tungstencarbide inserts and the vulnerable bonding with the bit body.As it had been found in machine shop practice that some grades of tungsten-carbide had been produced with considerably improved toughness, it was decided by Gold Mines of Australia Ltd. that drilling practice with tungstencarbide bits warranted detailed examination under Australian conditions, and that drilling tests should be undertaken at Morning Star (G.M.A.) Mines N.L., for which it acts as General Manager and Consultant.These investigations progressed through three stages:1. Preliminary Investigations and Tests.When the investigations were initiated no commercial bits were available in Australia, and manufacture was commenced with improvised equipment from virtual scratch. These early tests indicated that the use of 3 in. bore rockdrills in conjunction with tungsten-carbide insert bits was a 'possibility, and that it was unlikely that a small bore...

Jan 1, 1950

By Len Harris

Webster?s Dictionary describes culture as: ? The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions and all other products of human work and thought typical of a population or community at a given time. ? A style of social and artistic expression peculiar to a class or society. ? Intellectual and artistic activity. ? The art of developing the social, moral and intellectual facilities through education. The authors have nearly 100 years of combined experience in the mining industry working with and consulting to mining companies and companies engaged in the supply of goods and services to the mining industry worldwide. In this report, they present their experiences and ideas on the importance of cultural aspects in the successful development and implementation of mining ventures. Their suggestions on how to handle culture shock will be of interest to expatriate managers, operators, social workers, and engineering and construction personnel posted to overseas operations, as well as to nationals posted to other parts of their own country.

Jan 1, 2008

By L. F. Reinartz

ANOTHER year has rolled by. We are twelve months further away from the start of the depression and. therefore that much nearer to recovery. The accumulated needs and wants 'of our lame, virile population are ready to burst their bonds as soon as confidence returns and credit is stabilized. The steel industry has been harassed by uncertainty of the Government's attitude toward organized labor's de¬mands, and irregularity in volume of production. Steel labor, if left to its own devices, would in most instances, march shoulder to shoulder with the management of steel plants in their effort to pull the industry nut of the ?red.? Cooperation between management and men has improved considerably during; the year.

Jan 1, 1935

Advances in Optical Image Analysis and Textural Classification of Iron Ore Fines

Sep 13, 2010

By L. C. Stone, J. C. Parr, T. N. Anderson, D. Metcalf

An increase in the importance of low-grade materials as sources of gold and silver has led to the need for improved analytical methods on leach solutions, ores and various effluents, residues, and in-process streams. These are required by plant operators as guides to process control and for accounting pldrposes. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and AAS preceded by pre- concentration have been applied successfully to resolve many such problems. However, AAS is no panacea and imprecision or loss of accuracy can result if adequate precautions are not taken to prevent losses and eliminate interferences. The recent methods are discussed together with methods for overcoming difficulties. Comparisons with more classical analytical techniques are also given.

Jan 1, 1981

By Thomas Kuhn, Carsten Ruehlemann, Christina Heller, Anna Wegorzewski

The commercial extraction of metals from manganese nodules on an industrial scale requires more than 50% of the investment necessary to realize manganese nodule mining. This is mainly due to the fact that a completely new metallurgical processing scheme for the extraction of both base metals (Ni, Cu, Co) and high-tech metals (Mo, Li, Ga) has to be developed and upgraded to industrial scale. There are a number of conventional processing technologies that combine hydro- and pyro-metallurgical approaches such as the INCO and CUPRION processes which have been developed in the 1970s and 1980s. Today, new approaches based on selective leaching with chelating agents and bioleaching try to minimize energy consumption and waste production. All of these extraction methods require knowledge how the metals are structurally bound in the manganese oxides. In this contribution we will review the current knowledge about the mineralogy of iron and manganese minerals in the different marine oxide deposits, present our results, and discuss the possible consequences for metal extraction.

Sep 1, 2014

By Arthur M. Langer

Since the promulgation of the first Federal Asbestos Standard by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in 1972, other federal agencies have modified the standard to better carry on their own unique missions. The instruments used to identify and measure asbestos, the sampling protocol, and the criteria used to define asbestos, have been modified to some degree. The Mine Safety and Health Administration regulates and controls asbestos dust in the mining and mineral commodity industries. However, crushed stone and processed ores contain mineral fragments that are frequently difficult to distinguish from asbestos. Mineral nomenclature, instruments for particle analysis, and sampling strategy must be accommodated to some degree to make asbestos control workable and meaningful. Precedent in other agencies has made consideration of these changes possible. Newly identified amphibole asbestos minerals have further complicated the agency?s regulatory charge. Changes in its Asbestos Standard are now being considered. Crushed taconite ore in the Eastern Mesabi highlights many of these issues. ©2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. Keywords: Amosite; Grunerite asbestos; Crocidolite; Riebeckite asbestos; Tremolite asbestos; Actinolite asbestos; Winchite asbestos; Richterite asbestos; Arfvedsonite asbestos; Fluor-edenite asbestos; Asbestos defects; Cleavage fragment; Mineral habit; Mesabi amphiboles

Jan 1, 2008

By Daniel Bennett

There are few methods currently applied towards on-line bulk mineralogical analysis. Yet on-line knowledge of process mineralogy could potentially provide large benefits, such as increased extraction efficiency or resource optimization. The work described in this paper involves the development of radio frequency methods for bulk mineralogical analysis. Some resonances that occur in the radio frequency spectrum are mineral specific, and potentially allow quantitative estimation of mineralogy in an ore stream. Results will be presented on the specific detection of chalcopyrite. Initial quantitative measurements investigating matrix effects have indicated the feasibility of on-line mineralogical estimation using radio frequency techniques.

Jan 1, 2006

Copper ores are widespread through the Lachlan Geosyncline in New South Wales, but the size of the orebodies is generally small. The largest deposits occur in the Cobar district where an iron-rich copper ore type has been developed in Silurian sediments. Similar de- . posits to the south in the Nymagee-Mt. Hope-Melrose districts are related to quartz feldspar porphyries of probable Upper Silurian age. Deposits to the east in the Tottenham-Girilambone districts are less complex mineralogically and are possibly related to an ultra-basic source.Copper mineralization in the Highlands further to the east is often developed in Ordovician andesite or MiddleUpper Silurian acid volcanic sequences. The deposits in andesite contain considerably less galena than those in the acid extrusives; a small proportion of the mineralization in the latter has texture, mineralogy, and geologic setting analogous to the Captain's Flat copper-Iead-zinc deposit, for which both syngenetic and epigenetic origins have been proposed. Very little copper mineralization occurs within granitic material, even though rocks of this type ranging from Silurian to Carboniferous in age crop out through much of the geosyncline, and the extent of the metal contribution from plutons to the deposits in volcanics is open to question. Numerous deposits are known in the contact zone around Mid-Devonian and Mid-Carboniferous granites, however, and the formation of these orebodies has undoubtedly been influenced by plutonic activity. Small occurrences of copper with associated minor nickel sulphides are developed in a narrow serpentinite belt of possible Lower-Middle Devonian age in the southern section of the Highlands.

Jan 1, 1970

By Nn Li

Energy consumption in commercial buildings has been increasing rapidly in the past decade. The knowledge of future energy consumption can bring significant value to commercial building energy management. For example, prediction of energy consumption decomposition helps analyze the energy consumption patterns and efficiencies as well as waste, and identify the prime targets for energy conservation. Moreover, prediction of temporal energy consumption enables building managers to plan out the energy usage over time, shift energy usage to off-peak periods, and make more effective energy purchase plans. This paper proposes a novel model for predicting heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption in commercial buildings. The model simulates energy behaviors of HVAC systems in commercial buildings, and interacts with a multiagent systems (MAS) based framework for energy consumption prediction. Prediction is done on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. Ground truth energy consumption data is collected from a test bed office building over 267 consecutive days, and is compared to predicted energy consumption for the same period. Results show that the prediction can match 92.6 to 98.2% of total HVAC energy consumption with coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CV-RMSE) values of 7.8 to 22.2%. Ventilation energy consumption can be predicted at high accuracies (over 99%) and low variations (CV-RMSE values of 3.1 to 16.3%), while cooling energy consumption accounts for majority of inaccuracies and variations in total energy consumption prediction.

Aug 1, 2013

With the employment of a system of ore pillars to support the hanging wall during the mining operations at the North Mine, it was found that, when the stopes were worked out and the pillars remained intact, the main footwall drives developed an undulating longitudinal section due to the shrinkage of the filling in the worked out stopes.These depressions collected water, which made the footwall drives very wet under foot, and everitually worked its way into the pillar workings and the levels below.Water was also finding its way into the shafts because of the silting-up of the level drainage systems and, as both the shafts are down-cast, this tended to increase the humidity of the air entering the mine.To overcome these troubles it was decided to try a system of siphons as a method of subsidiary drainage.SYSTEM AT PRESENT IN USE.All drainage water is collected as near to its source as possible, run into a sump in an adjacent low lying part of the level, and continuously removed from these sumps by a siphon system.Each level has its own system. Water is collected from the sumps by a 1-in. pipe and delivered to a pipe running the length of the level along the back of the footwall drive. At the shaft the pipe is increased to...

Jan 1, 1938

By Yiming Sun

The 5-mile long Bay Tunnel is a major water supply facility to be constructed under the San Francisco Bay and adjacent marshlands between the San Andreas Fault to the west and the Hayward Fault to the east. The tunnel will have a two-pass lining system consisting of a watertight precast concrete segmental initial lining and a welded steel pipe final lining. Considering the Bay Tunnel?s location between two major active faults, the design earthquake produces a significant peak ground acceleration estimated at approximately 0.6g. To develop a design that can achieve the seismic performance objectives, full dynamic seismic analyses were performed using site-specific earthquake time histories. The analyses considered soil-structure interaction and an evaluation of the transverse and longitudinal effects of the design earthquake. This paper describes the seismic analyses and the design measures recommended to minimize potential adverse effects of the design earthquake on the tunnel final lining.

Jan 1, 2008

By Baoliang Xiao, Hui Pan, Yajun Hui, Kun Liu

The microstructure, properties, strengthening mechanism and work hardening mechanism of 600MPa grade high ductility hot-rolled sheet steel for automotive square tube were investigated by utilizing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the microstructures of low C-low Mn-Nb and Ti microalloyed steel (Steel A) and high C-high Mn-Nb microalloyed steel (Steel B) are composed of ferrite and a small amount of pearlite. Compared with steel B, the size of ferrite and pearlite of steel A is finer, while the size of the second phase precipitates is larger. The mechanical properties of the two tested steels are similar before tube forming, except that the yield ratio of steel A is higher. Steel A has/exhibits significant work hardening after tube forming; the yield strength and tensile strength increase by 45 MPa and 26 MPa, respectively, while the elongation decrease by 6.0 percent. The yield strength and tensile strength of steel B increase by 22 MPa and 10 MPa, respectively, and the elongation decrease by 4.0 percent. The grain refinement strengthening is the dominant strengthening mechanism, accounting for 52.9 to 61.8 percent of the total yield strength; the solid solution strengthening is the second strengthening mechanism, accounting for 17.2 to 25.3 percent, while the precipitation strengthening and dislocation strengthening contribute little to the yield strength. The dislocation strengthening increase by 82 MPa of steel A after tube forming, which is higher than that of steel B. Therefore, steel B has a low work hardening rate that is more suitable for manufacturing automotive square tube for secondary tube forming.

Oct 1, 2019

Two small coral islands in the Pacific Ocean, situated close under the equator, and formerly classed among the Line Islands, have, during the last three or four years risen into prominence owing to the valuable deposits of phosphate of lime discovered on them.The deposits of Ocean and Pleasant Islands are under the control of the Pacific Islands Company (1902) Limited, of London and, Sydney, and the high grade of the phosphate, together with the exceptionally favourable facilities for mining this mineral, of which there are several millions of tons on these islands, give this company advantages which enable them to command the Australian and New Zealand markets, and also to make large contracts with Japan and other countries. Both islands, as far as surface indications are concerned, are entirely constructed of coral, with phosphate on the top from the highest points to the present sea level, there being no sign of volcanic rocks, with the exception of a few pieces of drift pumice on the coast.Banaba (Paanopa according to. the Admiralty charts), also known as Ocean Island, was discovered in 1804. It is situated in lat. 0° 52" S. and long. 169P 3[)" E.

Jan 1, 1904

By Jeffrey S. Newman

This report presents a summary of the results of a four-phase program conducted for the Bureau of Mines to evaluate underground mine fire detection systems. In addition, Phase IV is presented in detail. The major accomplishments of this program are: 1) quantification and prediction of the distribution of fire products in a mine pas¬sageway; 2) quantification of "equivalent protection" by fire detectors as contained in Title 30 of the Code of Federal Regulations; 3) definition of detection criteria; 4) design of a detector test program for determining detector spacing requirements; 5) design, construction, operation, and calibration of a fire test apparatus for evaluating mine fire detectors; 6) quantification of several mine fire sources; 7) evaluation of several fire detector types including heat, CO and CO2 gas, and ionization smoke detectors; 8) development of generalized spacing criteria for mine fire detectors; and 9) development of performance specifications. Reports for Phases I through III are included in Appendices.

Jan 1, 1984

The following paper on the development of processes for the treatment of crude ore, accumulated dumps of tailing and slime at Broken Hill, has been prepared by a committee of the Broken Hill Branch of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, with the object of recording, in chronological order, the developments of the various processes which have led up to the metallurgical practice of the present day.

Jan 1, 1930