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By K. P. Wright

THREE OF the gold mines in the Red Lake Camp operates fluid bed roasters in their milling circuits. The mines are Campbell Red Lake, Cochenour Willans, and Dickenson. The roasters are used for the autogenous roasting of a flotation concentrate for subsequent gold recovery by cyanidation. Cochenour and Dickenson operate single stage reactors, whilst Campbell use a two-stage system. Ore treated by the mines is similar in that the major part of the gold is associated with arsenopyrite. Other sulphides present are pyrite, pyrrhotite, stibnite and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, with carbonates and talc. Mineralization is, for the most part, extremely fine, and there is intimate association between sulphides and quartz, so much so, th at a picked specimen of apparently massive arsenopyrite will frequently contain as much as 80 per cent gangue. Gold recovery by straight cyanidation on this type of ore would not be higher than 80 per cent and

Jan 1, 1961

By C. H. Lau, I. T. Ng

Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of rocks is an important mechanical parameter for many civil engineering and rock engineering applications such as tunnel excavation, slope stability and foundation design. Macau is one of the world's fastest growing and most densely populated cities, many large and important infrastructures have been being continuously built using pile foundations which are designed to be supported by granitic bedrock. In Macau, the UCS of the granitic bedrock is required almost for every project involving pile foundations and is always measured directly from UCS test in the laboratory. However, direct measurement of UCS requires high quality rock core sample which is not only time-consuming and expensive but also requires high level of operating skill. In view of this fact, estimation of UCS using some empirical correlations will be more practical and efficient because they are relatively fast and economical compared to the direct measurement from UCS test. In the past, some empirical correlations had been established and widely used for estimating UCS of rocks in common engineering practice. However, it has been well recognized that the rock properties are generally varied with sites or geological regions in other words an empirical correlation developed from one region or one country may not be applicable for other regions or countries. Due to the reason that the empirical correlations for predicting UCS for granite are scarce in practice, in this study an extensive experimental program has been performed and a large database containing data such as UCS, Point Load Index (Is50), Schmidt Rebound Hardness (RL), porosity (?), water absorption (S), specific gravity (Gs) and dry density (?d) has been developed. An attempt has been made for developing a new empirical correlation for estimating the UCS of Macau granite. Accordingly, a comprehensive statistical analysis for correlating UCS with Is50, RL, ?, S, Gs and ?d has been performed and a local empirical relationship based on the developed database is proposed for obtaining reliable estimation of UCS for the granite of Macau. Finally, the performance of the proposed correlation is accessed by using another independent testing database developed in this study. It indicates that Is50, RL, ? and S have strong correlation with UCS whereas Gs, ?d have poor correlation with UCS. This study not only proposed a proper predictive empirical correlation for UCS determination for Macau granite but also provides detailed statistical information which is beneficial to engineers for obtaining better characterization of Macau granite.

Jan 1, 2015

By J. Finch, Wei Zhang

In this paper we describe the synthesis of a new homologous series of linear Polyglycol-based frothers that consist of Ethylene Oxide (EO) and hydroxyl as hydrophilic groups and Propylene Oxide (PO) and alkyl chains as hydrophobic groups. The synthesized frothers were of two types: Alkyl-Ethoxy-Propoxylate (abbrev. CnEOlPOm) and Alkyl-Propoxy-Ethoxylate (CnPOmEOl) giving: (a) different number of groups and chain length, and (b) different locations of the groups. The identities were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. The characterization of the products was carried out in a bubble column. At steady state, bubble size, gas holdup and water overflow rate were measured as a function of frother concentration. The results indicate that increasing number of PO groups led to significant decrease in bubble size, and increase in gas holdup and water overflow rate. Increasing the alkyl chain length, gave similar but less pronounced trends. There was no impact of increasing the number of EO groups on bubble size but there was an in increase in gas holdup and water overflow rate. Changing the location of the PO and EO group had a significant effect on all three parameters.

Jan 1, 2015

By F. Bosché

Previous research has shown that ?Scan-vs-BIM? systems are powerful to provide valuable information for tracking structural works (progress, quality, safety). However, the transferability of this capability to other construction areas such as MEP works has not been assessed so far. Comparatively, the construction of MEP systems, in particular pipes and ducts, tends to be more flexible with respect to the positioning of individual components, so that Scan-vs-BIM systems could be defeated when tracking MEP installation works. This paper presents recent results on the feasibility and performance of using a Scan-vs- BIM system to track MEP works. The approach followed is presented and then tested with two real-life challenging case studies were conducted simultaneously but totally independently in Canada and Italy. The results show that, as expected, pipes and ducts tend to be more loosely positioned than structural elements leading to a poorer performance of the Scan-vs-BIM system. Nonetheless, it appears that the system works well to assess the level of conformance of site installation works, providing valuable information for estimating emerging performance metrics like ?percent built as-designed?. In addition, the proposed system could also be useful to accelerate and thus reduce the cost of delivering as-built BIM models for in the case of new builds.

Aug 1, 2013

By Guojun Wang, Zejun Chen, Wenchang Liu

Al/Mg/Ti laminated metal composite sheet (LMCS) can combine the merits of each of metal components, and obtain excellent performances. It incorporates the advantages of high strength, light weight, easy melt and atomization, and good space adaptability to substitute for the bumper Al sheet of Whipple shield structure for space debris shield. The Al/Mg/Ti LMCS was fabricated by hot roll bonding technology in a certain sequence. The manufacturing process and parameters were analyzed and studied, including the first rolling reduction, roll boding temperature and stacking structure of each metal. The microstructure of dissimilar metals and bonding interface were characterized and analyzed. The optimized manufacturing procedures and parameters were presented based on the microstructure and mechanical properties of LMCS. The research results offer some guides and references for controlling the shape of bonding interface, optimizing the annealing process, improving the mechanical properties of Al/Mg/Ti LMCS.

Jan 1, 2015

By A. P. Page, G. E. Alexander, L. L. Sirois, A. A. Winer

A knowledge of the electrical surface characteristics of minerals is all-important in the choice of treatments to up-grade and beneficiate them. At their solid-liquid contacts, there are transfers of ionic species, which for insoluble oxide minerals are the H+ and OH-ions. The adsorption density of these ions can be detected by carrying out potentiometric titrations, and this paper describes the automation of such an apparatus. The details are discussed fully and the validity of the method is demonstrated by flotation tests.

Jan 1, 1969

By E. Nejati, S. Khoshkooei, V. Firouzdor, M. Akbari, F. Khomamizadeh

In this study the effects of Si content on mechanical and thermal fatigue properties of Al-Si casting alloys were investigated. Repeated heating and cooling cycles were applied on the samples at 230°C to develop thermal fatigue cracks. Crack growth mechanisms and microstructural influences were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal fatigue behaviors were improved successively by increasing of silicon content up to 7wt%. However, addition of more than 9wt% silicon decreased the thermal shock resistance of the alloy. Silicon contents of about 9wt% presented the best mechanical and thermal fatigue resistance in the alloy.

Jan 1, 2006

By B. Rivard, D. Francis

A layered Archean magma chamber is exposed at the base of the Yasinski segment of the La Grande greenstone belt. This intrusive complex lies beneath a sequence of mafic volcanics and is underlain by granitoid basement which is crosscut by a swarm of gabbroic dykes. The gabbros of both this complex and the dyke swarm of gabbroic dykes. The gabbros of both this complex and the dyke swarm define a pronounced Fe-enrichment trend. The volcanic patterns of the La Grande and Eas tmain greens tone belts, however, define a series of iron depletion trends which originate in the iron enrichment trend of the gabbroic intrusives. These patterns suggest that the gabbros produced in the intrusive complex may serve as parental liquids for some of the lava suites of the James Bay greens tone belts.

Jan 1, 1984

By Ivan Malinsky, Gérard Castonguay

"On a développé un procédé qui donne une fonte (2,3% C, 0,07% V) du V2O5 (99%) et un rutile synthétique (94% TiO2) à partir d'un minerai, dont les réserves au Québec sont importantes. Le procédé comprend les opérations suivantes: 1) la concentration magnétique du minerai (30% Fe, 9% TiO2 et 0,65% V2O5) pour produire un concentré (65% Fe, 7% TiO2 et 1,6% V2O5); 2) le smeltage du concentré aggloméré dans un four à arc, sans fondant, pour produire une fonte et une scorie (30% FeO, 40% TiO2 et 8,0% V2O5) qui contient plus de 95% du vanadium et du titane présents dans le concentré; 3) le grillage alcalin (37% Na2CO3) de la scorie suivi d'une lixiviation à l'eau et de la précipitation de l'hexavanadate d'ammonium à partir du filtrat; 4) la lixiviation du résidu par l'acide sulfurique pur ou usagé pour produire un rutile synthétique. Un estimé préliminaire de la valeur économique du projet laisse croire à sa rentabilité à la condition que l'investissement pour le smeltage soit inférieur à environ 400$/tonne de fer.IntroductionLes gisements de magnétites titanifères sont nombreux dans le monde. Ils consistent en une magnétite étroitement liée a l'ilménite, La teneur trop élevée en TiO2 empêche l'exploitation de ces gisements pour la production de fer. Cependant, dans certains cas, la magnétite a une teneur intéressante en vanadium qui peut rendre l'exploitation de ces gisements rentable. Aujourd'hui, les magnétites titanifères constituent la plus importante source de production de vanadium. On estime qu'environ 70% du vanadium produit provient de ces sources."

Jan 1, 1983

By T. J. Langan, M. Ramajayam, T. Dorin

"6xxx-series Al alloys are the most commonly used alloys in the automotive industry as they have an appropriate balance of strength, corrosion resistance and formability. The main strengthening phase in these alloys is the ß’-Mg2Si precipitates. One opportunity to achieve stronger 6xxx-series Al alloys, without affecting corrosion and formability, is the use of Sc. The main challenge of using Sc in 6xxx-series lies in the heat treatment, which must be designed to allow for a fine precipitation of both Al3Sc and ß’-Mg2Si. In this work, two model alloys are used, an Al-Sc-Zr and an Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc-Zr, to explore the impact of the 6xxx-series key elements (Mg, Si and Cu) on the Al3Sc precipitates. Transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography are used to investigate the precipitates present in the microstructure after casting. We find that higher Si content results in the formation of dispersoids upon casting. The average composition of these dispersoids is (Al0.8,Si0.2)3 (Sc0.888,Zr0.024,Mg0.08,Cu0.008). A closer look at the solid solution reveals that most of the Sc and Zr is supersaturated after casting even in the presence of Mg, Si and Cu. We discuss the impact of these results on the design of a suitable heat treatment for 6xxx-series alloys with Sc.INTRODUCTION The most common strategy to strengthen aluminum (Al) alloys is by micro-alloying to form a fine distribution of precipitates (Gladman, 1999). Whilst precipitates enhance the strength, this is often done to the detriment of ductility and corrosion performance (Davis, 1999). The 6xxx-series Al alloys are heavily used in the automotive industry as they offer an appropriate balance of strength, ductility and corrosion resistance (W. S. Miller et al., 2000). The strength increment in these alloys comes from the formation of the ß’–Mg2Si and the quaternary Q’ phase (Chakrabarti & Laughlin, 2004; Polmear, St. John, Nie, & Qian, 2017). One opportunity to achieve stronger 6xxx-series alloys, whilst keeping good balance of corrosion resistance and formability, is the use of small additions of scandium (Sc). Sc is one of the most potent strengtheners in Al alloys (Dorin, Ramajayam, Vahid, & Langan, 2018; Røyset & Ryum, 2005). Most of the strengthening benefits from Sc come from the formation of fine Al3Sc dispersoids. The following strengthening mechanisms apply to Sc: 1) Solid solution strengthening, 2) precipitation hardening, 3) inhibiting recrystallization, 4) assisting nucleation of other strengthening phases (Dorin, Ramajayam, Lamb, & Langan, 2017). As compared to other dispersoid phases, Al3Sc dispersoids have good electrochemical compatibility with Al alloys and hence do not affect their corrosion resistance (Cavanaugh, Birbilis, Buchheit, & Bovard, 2007). The coarsening resistance of Al3Sc is often improved by adding zirconium (Zr), as it forms a Zr rich shell around Al3Sc which prevents Sc from moving across the interface."

Jan 1, 2018

By Hector Monette

"AFTER SPENDING a lifetime in the mining industry it is normal that one should be concerned with the future of his profession, especially if he is directly responsible for the education and formation of future mining engineers. It is not necessary to insist on the importance of mining for Canada and for the entire world to prove the necessity of the Mining Engineer. A statement was made by Zay Jeffries, former vicepresident of General Electric Co., and here I quote: ""Even though minerals without man are of no moment, man would not be man as we know him without minerals ... ""minerals are as essential to the life of social man as food is to man himself"". This certainly expresses magnificently the purpose of the mining profession. These are the reasons why I have accepted to present my views on the future of the Mining Engineer. If I express some concern it is not because I feel that there is any danger for the profession to disappear; men will always respond to a challenge and this can be found in the extraction of minerals as well as in any other field of human endeavour. However, the first big question concerns the competitive position of Canada in the world of mining. To be made available to Canadians and to the rest of the world, all this tremendous potential mineral wealth that our country has been so generously endowed with by nature must be gained from the earth's crust at a competitive cost. Otherwise it will never become ore and will have no value. Let us not forget that although minerals are discovered, mines are not found but are made. So let us be more efficient mine makers. To accomplish this end, it is the duty of the different responsible organizations at all levels - be they governmental, para-governmental, public or private institutions - to do their utmost to assure the profitable development of our mineral wealth. The University has an all-important role to play in preparing all the specialists required by this intricate machine that mining is. All the different disciplines of engineering, health, social and -managerial sciences are needed for the good functioning of the mining industry. Although they are all essential, some will play a more important role as a member of the structure. In this discussion it is the role of the most important member, the mining engineer, who is actually responsible for the extraction of the minerals from the earth's crust that must be established. From this we will then be able to analyse his responsibilities and try to suggest the mining engineering program most suitable to prepare this engineer for his future role."

Jan 1, 1972

"A growing public awareness of work-related diseases such as pneumoconiosis and the impact of this awareness on legislative bodies and on the skilled labour market are reasons why the Canadian mining industry must consider dust control of top-drawer importance. Measurements and standards related to the hazard are necessary to control a dust situation and to avoid excessive risk. The author discusses some of the methods of measurement, standards proposed and terminology used in this developing technology. The purpose primarily is to give a better understanding of the basic advances achieved by those who have applied current knowledge with a measure of success."

Jan 1, 1972

By M. Epiney, A. Ghahreman, R. Kim1and

"Pre-oxidation and cyanide leaching behavior of gold in the presence of sulfide minerals were reviewed, focused on the effects of oxygen injection in the gold leaching process. Generally, pre-oxidation and gold leaching kinetics from iron sulfide refractory minerals, such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, pentlandite and arsenopyrite, can be enhanced with higher dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. However, most of copper sulfide minerals dissolved well both in water and cyanide solutions, and copper from the minerals consumed DO and cyanide to oxidize and leach. Only in the presence of chalcopyrite, gold leaching was effectively occurred with increasing DO. However, chalcocite and covellite severely retarded gold leaching. Stibnite, an antimony mineral, formed a passive film on the gold surface under any DO conditions, and it slowed gold leaching. This impeding effect can be alleviated by leaching at low pH or adding lead salt. Using oxygen and lead together can make synergistic effect in oxidation of sulfide minerals and can enhance gold extraction. Depending on the mineralogical characteristics of the ore, the optimum DO and lead concentrations can be optimized. However, lead can cause environmental problems, and so its dosage should be minimized or eliminated by substituting it with oxygen injection.INTRODUCTIONGold ores containing sulfide minerals are becoming more significant as high grade gold oxide deposits are continuously becoming difficult to find. In light of this situation, to produce more gold, recovery methods from refractory gold ore containing various sulfide minerals should be investigated. Generally, sulfide minerals have impeding effects on gold leaching: formation of a passive film on the gold surface, high consumption of chemicalssuch as cyanide and oxygenduring leaching, reduction of gold cyanide by sulfide ions, etc. (Senanayake, 2008). Therefore, sulfides must be properly treated for better gold recovery. Pre-oxidation of sulfide minerals by injecting pure oxygen can decrease the impeding effects in gold leaching. Prior to cyanidation, sulfide minerals can be oxidized to metal hydroxide and sulfate form, which consume negligible cyanide in the following cyanidation circuit (Bodnaras et al., 1993). Moreover, gold cyanidation can be enhanced by increasing concentration of the dissolved oxygen (DO). In general, the optimum concentration ratio of [CN-]/[O2] is calculated as 6, but it goes higher in the real system (Marsden &House, 2006), which means that the reaction is typically controlled by DO concentration."

Jan 1, 2017

By Sean Dessureault

Information technology (IT) initiatives in the past have tended to be sold on their ability to maximize resource output and return on capital by using assets more effectively and efficiently. Many IT projects fail, not delivering return on their investment. This is known in the IT industry as the ?productivity paradox,? where increasing investments in IT do not result in comparable increases in productivity. Experiences and studies of most business sectors reveal that this paradox is rooted in the false assumption that more IT spending automatically results in financial benefit, whereas the true source of benefits is in how effectively IT is used. Most business sectors have accepted that the reengineering of processes is required to gain the full benefits promised of IT. A mining operation has organizational processes similar to most business sectors but unique operational processes. The lessons of changing business practice in more common business processes such as inventory control and customer-supplier relationships can be adequately transposed into a mine. The unique operational processes in mines, in turn require unique redesign efforts. Several enabling information technology opportunities have recently become available, such as more integrated mine production management systems and tactical manger training simulators. This paper reviews the latest IT products and ou lines the processes and kinds of change that will be required in order to benefit from these new investment options.

May 1, 2002

By P. Sauriol

This work addresses the design challenges and demonstrates the capabilities of a novel water transfer factor measurement apparatus. Several measurement concepts were screened on the basis of their water transfer factor accuracy using Monte-Carlo generated virtual experiments. The most promising measurement concept was assembled and tested to assess its actual measurement accuracy. For these concept validation experiments, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell was simulated by adjusting the water injection rate to corresponding levels. Combining the anode and cathode measurements, the water transfer factor accuracy was typically better than 0.01. Real-time measurements of the water transfer factor on both anode and cathode sides of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell were achieved. The anode and cathode side measurements were in good agreement with each other; however the anode side measurements were generally more reproducible. A parametric study showed that stream humidification plays an important part in the water transfer across the membrane electrode assembly. Finally the water transfer factor along the channel of a 300cm2 co-current fuel cell was obtained by using a series of six 50cm2 sub cells. The results were in good agreement with predictions from a recently proposed model.

Jan 1, 2005

By A. A. McCloskey

APPROXIMA TEL Y 95 percent of Waite-Amulet's Lower A orebody will be mined by diamond-drill stoping. This method of stoping was developed, and has been successfully applied, at the Noranda mine in recent years(1) and is now used in several base-metal and gold mines in north-western Quebec and in other parts of Canada, South Africa, and Australia. The purpose of this paper is to deal with the features of the Lower A ore-body which led' to the adoption of this method of stoping, and in addition to give a general description of stope layout, stope development, main haulage development, chutes and grizzlies, diamond drilling for stope blasting, diamond drilling and equipment, primary blasting, secondary blasting, haulage and loading, ore pockets, pumping and drainage,. and shafts at Waite Amulet. Figure 1 is an isometric projection of the orebody, illustrating the mining system. The factors that led to the adoption of diamond-drill stoping of Lower A orebody are as follows: (1) Safety.0 (2) Size and shape of the orebody, and depth of the orebody below surface. (3) Strength of the hanging-wall, footwall, and sulphide ore. (4) Continuous ring-drilling from sub-level drifts, with no delay for blasting. (5) Large-tonnage blasts at the end of Saturday afternoon shift, after ali men are out of the mine. (6) Sub-levels may be retreated from top to bottom simultaneously, or lower sub-levels may be retreated first without any change in the ring-drilling la yout. (7) Large stopes up to 100 feet wide can be mined, leaving substantial pillars up to 60 feet in width, which may be partially recovered by âiamond~drill stoping or by other stoping methods. (8) A large tonnage may be drilled-off in advance of blasting, but only a supply of unoxidized ore for flotation treatment is blasted. (9) Better ventilation during working shifts. (10) Gravity flow of all broken ore to grizzlies located in the footwall of the orebody. (11) Electric blasting by a crew of two men.

Jan 1, 1941

By Gordon T. McKenna

"Syncrude Canada Ltd. is developing new concepts in lease-closure landscape design for its Oil Sands Leases 17 and 22 in northeastern Alberta. Closure planning is becoming an integral part of the planning cycles and of the lease operation. By incorporating closure planning into the day-to-day operation, the company will achieve acceptable lease closure in an economical manner. Ultimately, Syncrude will achieve lower operating costs through innovation in mine planning and a reduction in residual liabilities.New concepts being evaluated for lease-closure landscape design include: designing for closure, use of landforms and natural analogs, self-armouring bouldery ground, robustness in design, landform grading, terrain analysis of reclaimed land, geotechnical hazard assessments, choices in closure design timeframes, passive maintenance, determining post-closure monitoring goals, engineering tailings, engineering other substrates, use of test plots and field demonstrations, geomorphologic monitoring of reclaimed lands, defining closure goals, and visiting other mines. These concepts are being formalized under the new discipline of Landscape Engineering."

Jan 1, 1996

By L. Van Wyk, J. Fernandez, J. Suarez, L. J. Diaz, A. Uria, D. Breeuwer

"Ventilation is an essential component of any underground mine, playing a vital role in ensuring the health and safety of workers, and a mine’s continuous operation. At a time when mining companies are increasingly having to move to deeper underground operations in pursuit of high-grade ore-bodies, the search is on for more efficient ventilation systems that will allow mining to be carried out at even deeper levels whilst ensuring the protection of workers and the maximisation of productivity through temperature management and the lowering of energy costs. Mining companies today are looking for innovative ways to deliver new technologies and procedures to enhance their mine’s profitability. Energy consumption by mine ventilation systems is higher than ever due to stringent specifications of underground equipment (primarily combustion engine emissions), air quality standards and mining at deeper levels which all require more powerful ventilation systems. With energy costs associated with operating ventilation systems being a mine’s second-highest cost of production after labour, finding the optimal ventilation solution is critical to a mine’s performance. Proper fan design remains a major factor in reducing capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX), which means that there are compelling reasons for making use of comprehensive factory testing at full power before fans are dispatched to site to simulate the mine’s current and future design requirements, and thus verify the fan’s effectiveness in ‘real’ conditions.INTRODUCTION A primary mine fan is considered the heartbeat of the entire mine ventilation system, drawing fresh air from the surface and providing a safe environment for miners. A ventilation system’s lack of performance often leads to a reduction in acceptable air quality levels for underground working operations and can potentially have an adverse impact on production rates."

Jan 1, 2019

By Dalton. J. L., H. P. Dibbs

An account is given of investigations into the application of two neutron methods to the on-line analysis of slurries. One deals with the application of the neutron moisture gauge principle to the determination of the water content of iron oxide slurries, and the other with the application of gamma radiation from thermal-neutron-capture to the determination of the composition of aqueous slurries of iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide and sulphur. Linear relationships were found between the composition of the slurry and the neutron count-rate in the first study, and between the slurry composition and the prompt-gamma-ray count-rate in the second study. A mathematical relationship has also been developed which relates changes in the prompt-gamma-ray counts from hydrogen to changes in slurry composition.

Jan 1, 1973

By R. M. de Carvalho

Empirical and phenomenological models of SAG and AG mills have dominated the scene for the last few decades, being used nearly every time a mill is scale-up or an attempt is made to improve its performance. However, in spite of their success, these models fail to describe the details of both the grinding environment and the breakage mechanisms. The result is a generally good track record, with a few ? but very important ? instances when these models fall short in their predictions, which can be very costly. Further, nearly all of these models require detailed calibration to industrial and pilot plant data, being costly in their application, although still with limited predictive capabilities. Recognizing these challenges, a new model framework has been proposed which overcomes the limitations of currently used models by coupling the microscale population balance model, the discrete element model and functions that describe internal classification at the mill grate. This model framework has already been applied to describe breakage in ball mills, with showing very promising results. However, in the case of SAG and AG mills a much greater level of complexity is involved in the model, given the interaction between the mechanical environment that is formed totally or, in part, by the ore itself, and the breakage response in the mill. The paper describes the model framework, demonstrating how it can address appropriately effects such as mill speed, mill filling and size distribution, on the response from the mill. Some of the advantages of the model are related to its intrinsic multi-component and dynamic nature, which allows simulating appropriately mixtures of ores of different competences in a transient manner.

Jan 1, 2012