Search Documents

By C. P. Mishra

The Bureau of Mines performed a study of the availability of cobalt from market economy countries. The study entailed the detailed analysis of 97 deposits which contain 3.9 billion lb of cobalt at the demonstrated level; in 94 of the deposits cobalt is recovered as a byproduct, and in 3 it is considered the primary product. Since 97 pet of all recoverable cobalt is derived as a byproduct from copper and nickel deposits, the report focused on these two sources. At an assumed market price of $0.89flb for copper, $3.45/lb for nickel, $475/tr 021 for platinum, and $7/lb for cobalt, 1,330 million lb of cobalt at the demonstrated level are potentially available. This total includes 1,105 million lb of cobalt from copper properties, 190 million lb from nickel, 29 million lb from platinum, and 6 million lb from primary cobalt. This analysis indicates that the production cost for 589 million lb of cobalt can be totally covered by the revenues obtained from the other metals produced. The impacts of increases in capital investment and energy costs are also discussed.

Jan 1, 1985

By C J. R Hart, J K. Mortensen

The distribution of mineral deposits within northwestern North America (Alaska, Yukon, and northern British Columbia) allows for an in-depth examination of the metallogenic patterns of a growing continental margin. A more complete understanding of the tectonic evolution of this part of the Pacific Rim, achieved over the last 15 to 20 years, now allows for the placement of ore systems into a well-defined plate tectonic framework. Ore deposits older than about 185 Ma represent hydrothermal systems that were active in the platform/shelf environment of ancestral North AmericaÆs miogeocline or hydrothermal systems developed in oceanic arcs and continental fragments more distal to the craton. These include important SEDEX, VMS, and pre-accretionary porphyry deposits. In contrast, most mineral deposits younger than about 185 Ma were formed within the growing Cordilleran orogen, as terranes were accreted to the continental margin during interactions between the North America and Pacific/Farallon/Kula plates. Such syn- to post-accretionary mineralised systems include many large lode gold and porphyry/skarn systems.

Jan 1, 1999

By Gulshan Kumar Pradhan, Yogendra Pratap Singh, Dhawanm Nikhil

"Potassium (K) is one of the essential elements for the growth of plants and thereby for humans. In fertilizers, potash demand has been steadily increasing at ~3.5% annually. Water soluble potash deposits are rare and highly localized. India is neither present on the world potash production map nor it has adequate potash rich rocks. The K-bearing minerals are recovered either by using conventional underground mining methods or though solution mining methods. India possesses a vast resource of silicate rocks such as glauconitic sandstone and Feldspar. These rocks are basically a group of alumino silicate of potassium, sodium and calcium (K2O%: 5-12, Na2O%: 3-10%, SiO2%: 52-65, Al2O3%: 15-20, Fe2O3%:, 5-7 and MgO%: 2-3.5).The K extraction from silicate rocks has received little attention probably due to the slow release, the locked structure of alumina-silicate minerals, and the unavailability of appropriate economic processes & their know-how. In fact due to this India imports all of its potash demand (about 3.5 million tons per annum) from different countries.In the present work, an attempt has been made to identify the structural and chemical alteration of desired K mineral phase in silicate rock (~K2O%: 10.5, Na2O%: 2%, SiO2%: 55, Al2O3%: 19, Fe2O3%, 5-6, MgO%: 2.5) under different conditions such as acid leaching, thermal treatment and chemical processing. Different treatments are aimed to increase K availability which is related to the modifications in mineralogical composition. The modifications in the feed sample and treated samples are studied through SEM-EDAX, XRD, EPMA and optical microscope. With the combination of treatments, it is possible to extract more than 90% K and the formation of sylvite phase (water soluble) confirms the dissolution of potash values."

Jan 1, 2016

By J. M. Pachter

Property sales and acquisition are prominent features of today's coal industry. Before selling or buying a site, a company must know the property's economic net worth. Any evaluation of economic net worth would be inadequate if determinations of a property's environmental liabilities and costs were omitted. Short-and long-term costs can result from liabilities related to reclamation, water treatment, subsidence, and hazardous waste disposal. A structured, interdisciplinary approach can aid in the delineation, summation, and scheduling of these costs and liabilities.

Jan 1, 1987

By S Pradhan, A Kuras, R Mahajan

This paper describes the design of the precast concrete segmental lining for the 13.1 m internal diameter and 450 mm thick, 2.4 km long mainline tunnels for the Waterview Connection project in Auckland for the New Zealand Transport Agency.The design and detailing of this segmental lining presented some noteworthy challenges, including an alignment that has sections of low cover in soft ground. Key points of interest are that this precast segmental lining is the largest to ever include steel fibres as the primary method of reinforcement and the lining includes cams on circumferential joints to control ring deformation.The paper describes some of the key design decisions that were made in a collaborative manner with the construction team, tunnel boring machine manufacturer, segment manufacturer and the designers.CITATION:Mahajan, R, Kuras, A and Pradhan, S, 2014. Design of segmental lining for Waterview Project, Auckland, New?Zealand, in Proceedings 15th Australasian Tunnelling Conference 2014 , pp 289–294 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Sep 17, 2014

By Chris L. Powell, Russell J. Denny

"The remotely located Cockatoo Island iron ore mine off the Kimberley coast in the northwest of Western Australia has been in operation since 1951. The mine was recently expanded up to about 50 m (165 ft) below sea level using staged construction to create a rockfill seawall around the open cut mining operation. Late in 2013, to allow expansion of subsea iron ore mining operations, Wagstaff Piling was engaged to install a seepage barrier through the rockfill seawall and into the underlying seabed sediments.Earlier stages of seawall construction had used a variety of different construction techniques with varied success, and the history of subsea mining on the island had been plagued with failures, including failures in the slope of the seawall itself, hanging wall failure underneath and inside the seawall, and footwall failures as the ore was mined leaving the rock face inclined at 55 degrees, parallel to the bedding. The current expansion, known as the Stage 4 expansion, was more tightly constrained by the pit geometry and available materials than previous seawall expansions that adopted clay core and sheet pile seepage barrier solutions. In Stage 4, an innovative seepage barrier solution using a grout curtain was selected to provide the necessary cutoff to allow access to high-grade ore, while protecting the mine from inundation by the sea.Seawall ConceptThe open cut subsea mining operation consisted of a 3 km (1.9 mi) long narrow pit along the south side of Cockatoo Island that extended to depths of about 50 m (165 ft) below sea level, and were exposed to the open sea on the south side of the pit. Massive tidal variations of more than 10.5 m (34.5 ft) required a seawall founded on the seabed, extending upwards to RL+13, to safely protect the pit from the high tide level rising to above RL+10."

Jan 1, 2017

By Persifor Frazer

The rocks which cover the east flank of the South Mountain are chloritic schists typical in character. A specimen of this rock from near the Bechtel shaft, Hamilton Ban Township, Adams County, Pa., was selected and analyzed in my laboratory by Mr. C. Hanford Henderson, with the following results: Ignition,........2.740 CaO,..........7.040 SiO,,..........41.280 MgO,.......... 7.486 AI,O,,.........18.480 K,O,..........2.208 Fe,Os,.........9.440 Na,O,.........3.523 FeO,......... 8.200 100. As one penetrates the range by moving westvard, these schists are replaced either by epidotie quartz or by orthofelsite. In the former case, a belt of copper-bearing rock is traversed, but not in the latter case. Inasmuch as this junction of the chloritic schists on the southeast and orthofelsite on the northwest, separated by the epidotic quartz, is several times repeated, we find two or three copper belts arranged in general parallelism to the axis of the chain, because the copper horizon is generally at this junction. Thus, in going west from Fairfield, after entering the low spurs on the South Mountain, one is fairly within the chlorite measures. At the " Virginia Mills " a chlorite schist comes in with a dip of S. 1.5 E.-74 Half a mile up Middle Creek, large numbers of fragments of chlorite schist, decoruposed epidotic matter, and quartz are encountered. The former rock, where in place, dips E. 40" S.-57o. About 4000 feet west of the intersection of this road with the so-called Tape-Worm Railroad, near the house of one Singly, large masses of chloritie schist are found loose on the road. A hundred yards farther west, near a triangle in the road, the latter is less in quantity and much epidotic quartz appears, after which a very large display of orthofelsite succeeds on the left bank of Middle Creek. All these last-mentioned rocks, however, are in fragments. Crossing the stream again a few hundred yards farther On, the chlorite fragments at first preponderate, and then large numbers of both rocks

Jan 1, 1884

By R. Van A. Norris

Although mechanical appliances for the ventilation of mines have been known siuce very early times (one being mentioned in Agricola's De Re Metnllica, 1657), it is only within the last forty years that such appliances have been generally used. A great number of different ventilators have been invented and used, but the varions forms of centrifugal machines having proved their efficiency, have now almost conlpletely replaced all others. Most if not all of the machines in use in this country are of this class, being either open-periphery fans, or closed, with chimney and spiral casing, of a more or less modified Guibal type. The theory of such machines has been demonstrated by Mr. Daniel Murgue in Theories and Practice of Centrifugal Ventilating Machines, translated by A. L. Steavenson. His statement may be condensed thus : Let a = orifice in a thin plate, of such area that its resistance to the passage of a given quantity of air equals the resist ance of the mine. I o = orifice in a thin plate of such area that its resistance to the passage of' a given quantity of air equals that of the machine. Q = quantity of air passing in cubic feet per minute. V = velocity of air passing through a. Vo = velocity of air passing through o. h = head iu feet air-column to produce velocity IT h, = head in feet air-column to produce velocity V,.

Jan 1, 1892

By John G. Hall

Everyone forms his own mental picture when the subject of copper is mentioned. To an architect, copper is a warm, enduring metal with a quiet beauty; to the historian, man's first metal; to the product engineer, the best electrical and thermal conductor of all commercial metals; to the investor, a volatile stock; to the speculator, the daily price quotation; to those in the mining industry, the challenge of producing copper for rising needs in the face of rising costs and lower grades of ore. At this meeting, we will look upon copper as a key raw material in industry, in national defense, in technology, in world trade, and as a principal commodity in the economies of several developing countries. As miners, and most of us here are miners, we are prone to view our role as suppliers of copper. We locate, mine, smelt and refine the metal. In the complexities of today's world, however, following a period of the longest domestic copper strike in history which caused critical world-wide shortages and widely fluctuating prices; it becomes necessary for all of us to concern ourselves with the whole spectrum of copper affairs -"from mine to consumer " But first we need to look at the miner's side of the picture -- capacity and production. We will examine these functions in terms of the whole world -- not simply the free world. Nature did not endow all regions of the earth equally, and copper in world trade has a way of ignoring political boundaries. Science and technology, as well, know no national boundaries. It is said that the "Engineering & Mining Journal" has as many readers in the Communist World as in the Free World. Nor is this a one-way street. We presently have available to us in the. U.S., cover-to-cover translations of many Communist World mining and metallurgical journals.

Jan 1, 1968

By C. E. Birchenall, R. H. Condit

THREE surface activity procedures are in com--L mon use for the determination of diffusion coefficients in solids. In the oldest of these' the activity observed at the original surface is compared before and after diffusion, where all the activity is in a thin, plated layer on the surface before diffusion. Partial absorption of the radiations from active atoms which have diffused below the surface reduces the effective activity after diffusion. The formula employed to calculate the diffusion coefficient is where F, is the ratio of final to initial activity at the surface, measured with identical counting geometry; Z=u3Dt, where D is the diffusion coefficient; t is the diffusion time; and u is the absorption coefficient for the radiation in the solid as defined by Lambert's law. This absorption law implies that all the rays are parallel to each other and normal to the specimen surface. This assumption of a collimated beam used by Steigman, Shockley, and Nix has been adopted by all other investigators and, although it gives results which are approximately correct under restricted physical conditions, it does not represent many actual circumstances. It is the purpose of this paper to show the importance of the divergent rays and to indicate a procedure for taking them into account. In the residual activity method the activity is determined on a series of surfaces ground on the specimen at progressively greater depths in the diffusion layer parallel to the initial surface. Gruzin2 has de- rived a formula for this procedure, which may be put in the form where I is the ratio of the activity measured at a newly ground surface at distance k below the initial surface to the activity at the initial surface measured after diffusion, and K= k/2p Dt. A third procedure involves the autoradio-graphic determination of activity on a plane ground at a small angle to the initial interface through the penetration zone. Aut oradiography can be particularly sensitive to the oblique rays. Unlike most counters which detect essentially all ß particles or X-rays which enter the active volume as a single event, the photographic emulsion may be thin enough so that oblique rays with longer path length in the emulsion produce more darkening than rays which move normal to the film plane. Consider a plane containing a source of radiation uniformly spread over a circle and a point counter located on the perpendicular through the center of the circle. As the counter moves along this line, the total angle 6, at the counter subtended by the specimen will vary. For a fixed counter distance, let 6 be angle between the counter axis and the line connecting the counter to a point P on the active plane. If an absorber of thickness X is interposed parallel to the source between counter and source, the ray from point P to the counter will pass through an absorber thickness X secant 6. Exponential absorption is assumed to hold for all rays. If r, is the ratio of intensity at the counter with absorber to the intensity without absorber and a = pX, 1 00 The behavior of this integral, evaluated numerically,

Jan 1, 1957

By Henry C. Meeves

The Bureau of Mines investigated the silver production potential of the Leadville (California) mining district, Lake County, Colo., in 1966-67. The mining history of the district, the ground conditions encountered in mining, and the mine-support methods used are reviewed. The drainage problem is discussed in detail. An initial objective was to establish the existence of potential silver resources minable by low-cost open-pit methods, particularly in the silver-bearing manganese halos surrounding the major deposits. The report concludes that under present conditions, development of the deposits in the area is not economically feasible; however, a pioneer rotary noncore drilling program demonstrated that this type of exploration is technically feasible. Potential reserves of silver and associated metals are estimated. Possible mining methods for recovery of the reserves are discussed. Future production possibilities from the various subareas of the district are analysed, considering optimum operating size. Consolidation of small individual holdings for unit operation is recommended. Type of operation, amount of rehabilitation, size and type of concentrating plants required, drainage and other mining problems, and metal price trends are discussed as they bear on economic feasibility of development.

Jan 1, 1970

By Fabiano A. C. M. Passos, Vanessa P. R. Silva, Lillian M. B. Domingos, Fernanda A. N. G. Silva, Zuleica C. Castilhos, Roberto B. Faria

Wastes from gold mining need to be monitored from the beginning of mining activities until to the mine closure. Wastes from tailings dam were characterized by XRD, XRF, elemental analysis of carbon and sulfur and ICP-OES. In flotation waste (FW) were observed quartz, dolomite, pyrite, muscovite and chamosite were observed. Meanwhile, in cyanidation waste (CW), besides those described in FW, minerals such as sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, microcline and albite were detected, indicating a higher concentration of sulfide minerals in the cyanidation waste. In relation to C and S content, to FW and CW, they were 2.5 and 0.0% and 0.64 and 15.4%, respectively, confirming the majority of sulfides at CW sample and indicating the absence of the flotation organic reagents at the cyanidation waste. The analysis by ICP-OES indicated As, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd content for FW and CW: 13.30 and 343 mg/kg; 399 and 7,900 mg/kg; 136 and 13,000 mg/kg; 130 and 260 mg/kg; 3.60 and 84.60 mg/kg, respectively. It was also verified significant levels of heavy metals, which indicates the necessity of performing wastes toxicity tests.

Mar 1, 2017

Organization Place Date 1917 American Electrochemical Society Pittsburgh, Pa. Oct. 3-6 American Institute of Mining Engineers St. Louis, MO. Oct. 8-13 American Gas Institute : Washington, D. C. Oct. 16-19 American Institute of Architects Philadelphia, Pa. _ Dec.. 26-29 American Society of Mechanical Engineers New York City. Dec. 26-29 American Mining. Congress State Chapter Phoenix, Ariz. Dec. 26-29

Jan 10, 1917

By Charles Vaught

The U.S. Bureau of Mines evaluated the self-contained self-rescuer (SCSR) donning proficiency of 243 miners. These workers were from eight underground coal mines in the eastern United States. The objectives of the study were (1) to gather information on skill levels, since all miners in the study had prior instruction and opportunity to practice donning the apparatus, and (2) to summarize a quality control procedure useful in conducting periodic evaluations of donning proficiency. The sampling procedure used proved to be both reasonable and efficient in gathering information on training effectiveness. It also provided a good statistical base for making informed site-specific decisions regarding SCSR training needs. Results from the observed samples at each of the eight mines indicate a wide variability across sites. The rate at which miners failed to isolate their lungs varied from 3.3 to 40.0 pet. Concomitantly, proficiency rates (miners either performing adequately or demonstrating a perfect 3 + 3 sequence) ranged from 13.3 to 63.3 pet.

Jan 1, 2010

By J. Alfred Berger, O. M. Katz

Selected samples of hydrided Zr-Hf alloys were rapidly quenched to voom temperature and exrtrnined metallographically, by X-ray diffraction, and through micro hardness studies to confirm high-temperutuve data Confirming experiments sllowed that there were five phases in this Lernary system: 1) hextrgonal with lattice parameters similar to that of the initia1 Zr-Hf alloy but slightly enlarged due to dissolved hydrogen; 2) fee with properties of a brittle, intermediate, hydride compound; 3) fct with c/a crvoltnd 1.07 and which appeared as a neetilelike precipitale; 4) hexagonal, designated ?, with c/a ratio of 2.37; and 5) orthorhombic, designated X, with a = 4.67, b = 4.49, and c = 5.093 and whose tnicro-st?ruct~ival nppetrl-nnce depcncled o/i, heat lvecrt~r~ent. The tetragonrrl phase never crppeal-erl witkorct the cubic hydricle. Abpecrrtrnce of 0 and A also tlependet on the hafnium content of the zirconium. A previous paper' on the Zr-Hf-H system described the thermochemical data obtained with a high-vacuum, high-sensitivity mirrogravimetric apparatus. This data presented a fairly complete picture of the phase relationships at elevated temperatures. However, it could not establish the actual crystal structures, lattice parameters, or metallographic disposition of the hydride phases. The present complementary study utilizes X-ray powder patterns along with light and electron microscopy to characterize completely the five hydrided phases found in Zr-Hf-H alloys quenched to room temperature. Crystallographic features of the zr-Hf,2,4 zr-H,5-7 and Hf-H8 systems have been summarized in Table I. Designations of a, ß, and ? were retained in the Zr-Hf-H system for the phase regions through which the pressure-composition isotherms always sloped. However, it was not firmly agreed that these were single-phase regions.' In fact, the region designated y always contained a cubic as well as a tetragonal phase after quenching to -196°C. MATERIALS Preparation of the high-purity Zr-Hf alloys has been described.' The four zirconium alloys which were hydrided contained 37 wt pct Hf (23 at. pct), 51 wt pct Hf (37 at. pct), 73 wt pct Hf (58 at. pct), and 91 wt pct Hf (82 at. pct), respectively. These were designated B-2, B-4, B-6, and B-8. Photomicrographs of the initial alloys showed the material to be quite clean as would be expected from the precautions exercised in producing them. However, there were a number of annealing twins but no other subgrain structure. In addition to the four original alloys, fifteen hydrided samples were observed at room temperature. Hydrogen compositions are given at the top of Tables I1 to V. APPARATUS The phases present at elevated temperatures were studied by quenching hydrided samples to room temperature by two different methods, both under vacuum: 1) fast cooling of the sample tubes of the microgravimetric apparatus1'9 with flowing air and 2) rapid quenching into liquid nitrogen. The cooling rate for 1) was 750° to 250°C in 30 sec. Since the microbalance chamber was not designed to permit very rapid cooling of a hydride sample, all liquid-nitrogen quenching was done in an auxiliary experiment. The auxiliary quenching apparatus consisted of a small-bore, high-temperature furnace, a sealed SiO2 tube containing the sample, and a dewar quenching flask filled with liquid nitrogen. The hydrided sample, previously quenched in the microgravimetric reaction chamber, was placed in a platinum boat in a vacuum-degassed SiO2 tube. A zirconium wire getter and degassed SiO2 rod, to reduce the internal volume, were also in the tube. After sealing the tube under vacuum the zirconium getter was heated to absorb the last traces of gas. Only the sample was heated at the reaction temperature for the desired length of time, and then the tube dropped through the opposite end of the furnace into the dewar. A quenching rate of 200" to 400° C per sec was estimated. Analyses of samples after the auxiliary experiment also showed practically no increase in oxygen or nitrogen content from heating in the SiO2 tube. All of the samples were examined at room temperature by the X-ray powder method. The majority of the powder patterns were obtained with double nickel-filtered CuKa radiation after 8- and 16-hr exposures in an 11.48-cm-diam camera. Cobalt and chromium radiation were also used to spread out the high d value end of the Pattern. Such patterns readily identified the minor phases. NO oxide or nitride lines were found. Where sharp back-reflection lines existed it was possible to reduce the

Jan 1, 1965

By AIME AIME

COUNCIL.* PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL. CHARLES KIRCHHOFF NEW YORK, N. Y. (Term expires February, 1912.) VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL. BENJAMIN B. LAWRENCE NEW YORK, N. Y. JOSEPH W. RICHARDS SOUTH BETHLEHEM, PA. ALBERT SAUVEUR CAMBRIDGE, MASS. (Term expires February, 1912.) S. B. CHRISTY BERKELEY, CAL. W. A. LATHROP PHILADELPHIA, PA. GARDNER F. WILLIAMS WASHINGTON, D. C. (Term expires February, 1913.)

Mar 1, 1911

By J. Bigu, M. G. Grenier, S. Hardcastle

"This study was undertaken in a belt conveyor drift of an underground hard rock mine. The conveyor transported ore or waste from a crushing operation located upwind from the drift sampling locations. A 250 m section of this drift was selected and several types of measurements were taken. Average respirable concentrations in the drift were 0.43 mg/m3 and 0.19 mg/m3 for total and silica dust, respectively. From the respirable dust concentration profile along the drift, it may be possible to estimate the contribution from extended sources such as dust produced by the belt and return idlers.The airborne dust in the drift had an average mass-median aerodynamic diameter of 4.2 micron. A continuous dust monitor showed that the crushing operation produced fairly high dust concentrations (sometimes greater than 4 mg/m3) over short periods of time.IntroductionAirborne dust in the respirable range is known to be the cause of various forms of lung ailments . In underground mines, respirable dust sources are created at many stages of production. All mining operators are responsible for de signing and establishing means of reducing airborne dust. In some cases, sources of dust are well defined and suppression methods are standard.In the case of interest here, the airborne dust cloud was formed from the contribution from many sources, which may be either discrete or extended. At the experimental site, the discrete or point sources were the crushing operation and the belt conveyor transfer point (tail pulley). These sources may be controlled by proper dust capture and scrubbing systems as well as dilution ventilation. Examples of extended dust sources in the area include dust produced by the re-entrainment of settled particles along the drift. Ventilation air movement and vehicular traffic both contribute to this phenomenon. Dust produced by the conveyor is another example of an extended dust source. Caked deposits on the return strand and idlers as well as the transportation of dry material on the belt, can be major contributors. Proper wetting of roadways and muck as well as proper belt cleaning techniques can help reduce these emissions. The cleaning apparatus, used on the belt where these experiments were conducted, is shown in Figure I. These and other belt cleaning techniques are described in more detail elsewhere."

Jan 1, 1987

By Marvin E. Lane

This paper , which describes the mining methods and practices at the Hayden Creek lead mine of St. Joseph Lead Co. in southeast Missouri , is one of a series being prepared by the Bureau of Mines on mining methods , practices , and costs in various mining districts of the United States . The Hayden Creek mine is in the W 1/2 sec . 7 , T. 36 N. , R. 4 E. , St. Francois County , Mo. , about 1 mile southwest of the town of Frankclay ( fig . 1) . The mine is on the west edge of the mining district known as the Lead Belt . However , neither the ore body nor the underground workings are connected with those of any other mine in the district . In contrast with most operations in the district , underground haulage is entirely trackless , and nearly complete delineation of the large , well -defined ore body by drilling permitted comprehensive planning of development and mining in advance of shaft sinking . The ore differs in character and occurrence from that of the main ore deposits in the Lead Belt in that the lead mineral , galena , occurs in the dolomitic matrix enclosing granite boulders instead of in dolomite limestone .

Apr 1, 1957

Elected Died 1895 ABBOTT, AI ATTHUR 1908 1882 ABBOTT, ARTHUR V 1906 1905 ABE, MASAYOSHI 1909 1903 ADAMS, CHARLES C. 1905 1906 ADAMS, JOHN C. 1913 1905 ADAMS, WILLAMS 1909 1903 ADAMS, W. EDWARDS 1910 1884 ADDY, MATTHEW 1896 1906 AFFLECK, WILLIAM A. 1911 1889 AKERS, WILLIAMS A. 1906 1905 ALABASTER, RUPPERT C. 1911 1899 ALBERGER, LOUIS R. 1911 1894 ALLEN R B 1896 1905 ALLEN, R. SCOTT 1906 1886 ALLISON, ROBERT 1916 1874 AMIOT, H. 1892 1886 AMSLER, CARL 1894 1898 ANDRSON, JOHN W 1905 1895 ÅNGSTROM, CARL 1901 1887 ARCHBALD, JAMES 1910 1900 ARLETT, GEORGE H 1906 1895 ARMSTRONG, JOHN F 1898 1882 ARNOLDS, HUGO 1886 1875 ASHBURNER, CHARLES A 1889 1872 ASIIBURNER, WILLIAM 1887 1883 ATKINS, C M , JR 1885

Jan 1, 1917

Elected Died 1895 *ABBOTT, AI ATTHUR 1908 1882 *ABBOTT, ARTHUR V 1906 1903 * ADAMS, CHARLES C. 1905 1905 * ADAMS, WILLAMS 1909 1884 *ADDY, MATTHEW 1896 1889 * AKERS, WILLIAMS 1906 1894 *ALLEN R B 1896 1905 * ALLEN, R. SCOTT 1906 1874 *AMIOT, H 1892 1886 *AMSLER, CARL 1894 1895 *ÅNGSTROM, CARL 1901 1900 * ARLETT, GEORGE H 1906 1895 *ARMSTRONG, JOHN F 1898 1882 *ARNOLDS, HUGO 1886 1875 *ASHBURNER, CHARLES A 1889 1872 *ASIIBURNER, WILLIAM 1887 1883 *ATKINS, C M , JR 1885 1905 * AUSTEN, PETER T 1907

Jan 1, 1910