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By W. L. Brown

"The properties of Base Metal Mining Corporation are in Yoho Park about 2 1/2 miles northeast of Field; British Columbia; on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway. There are actually two mines; the Monarch on mount Stephen and the Kicking Horse on mount Field; separated by the steep valley of Kicking Horse river. The outcrops of the orebodies range from 4; 900 feet to 5; 300 feet above sea-level. The concentrator is situated below the Monarch mine and is connected to the main portal by an aerial tramway. The ore from the Kicking Horse mine is conveyed by aerial tramway to a storage bin on the main highway and is then trucked to the concentrator.During the construction of the Canadian Pacific railway through Kicking Horse valley, galena float was found at the base of mount Stephen. The East Monarch outcrop was staked in 1894. The outcrop of the West Monarch ore body on the cliff face of mount Stephen was not discovered until 1916. The Kicking Horse orebodies on mount Field were discovered a few years later. In 1912, a 75-ton concentrator was erected, which operated at intervals until 1924. During this period approximately 42,000 tons were mined and milled, largely from the East Monarch orebody. In 1928, the Base Metal Mining Corporation, Limited, was formed to take over the Monarch and Kicking Horse mines. A 300-ton differential flotation concentrator was erected and production started in the autumn of 1929. In a very short time, however, the low price of metals forced the mill to shut down until August 1933. From 1929 to 1935, when the mill again ceased operation, a total of 256,500 dry tons of ore, averaging 1.59 oz. silver per ton, 9.7 per cent lead, and 12.6 per cent zinc, was mined and milled, largely from the West Monarch orebody. After a period of further underground development, the concentrator reopened in 1940 and is still in operation. From 1940 to the end of 1944, 354,363 tons of ore was milled, averaging 5.32 per cent lead and 10.47 per cent zinc."

Jan 1, 1954

By Steven D. Botts

The Antamina project, owned by BHP Billiton Plc, Mitsubishi Corporation, Noranda Inc., and Teck Cominco Ltd. , is a $2.3 billion copper/zinc project, located in the Ancash Department in Perú. The project consists of an open pit mine, a 70,000 ton per day concentrator, a 302 Km. long concentrate pipeline, port facilities, a new access road, power line, and town site. The project is designed to produce up to 1.5 million tonnes per year of copper and zinc concentrates over a 23-year project life, and will be the third largest producer of zinc and the seventh largest producer of copper in the world. This mega project is the largest mining investment in the country and, during its construction stage, was the most important construction project worldwide. On May 28th, 2001, Antamina commenced testing operations and four months later, it reached commercial production. Antamina was officially inaugurated on November 14th, 2001 by Peruvian president Alejandro Toledo. The construction stage of the project generated 8,000 direct jobs, with a peak of 10,000 employees, and 30,000 indirect jobs. The permanent workforce consists of approximately 1650 employees, the vast majority of which are Peruvian Nationals; around 30% of whom came from the department of Ancash where the deposit is located. Approximately 5,800 indirect jobs will be generated from the project. Independent sources state that Antamina will increase the Peruvian mining exports by 30% and Peruvian GDP by 1.4% within its first year of full operation in 2002. Since winning the privatization bid for the project in 1996, the company has implemented a successful approach to community development and environmental protection based on sustainable development principals. Throughout the development of the project, a number of initiatives have been undertaken to ensure full involvement of the local populations in community development activities and the company?s environmental program. Due to its size, difficult logistics, cultural considerations and financial aspects, the project has faced a number of unique challenges in the area of environmental protection and management of community interaction. Antamina has been innovative in its approach to these issues, and as a result, has set new standards in Perú for environmental and community management, and sustainable development.

May 1, 2002

By Karl J. C. Harries

"The Table of Contents that follows is only an example and is the Table of Contents from an actual negotiated agreement. It is merely intended to show how an agreement might be set out and the nature of possible provisions. As a negotiated agreement the format was dictated by the negotiations. It is not offered as a precedent of what should be contained in a joint venture agreement (“JVA”), the “proper” sequence of Articles, or a complete listing of the contents of joint venture agreements generally. The set-up used for an agreement should be decided by the parties and be one they consider flows in a logical and workable sequence. This example sets out the “deal” first, followed by the provisions relating to how work is to be carried out and then by administrative provisions necessary to make the agreement work. If you are more comfortable with, say, having the Committee provisions at the beginning, by all means have it drafted that way -- you are going to have to live with the agreement and work under it.Notes:1. The Table of Contents provisions appear in bold print. The italicized sections are annotations, which have been provided in some cases where the heading may not clearly describe the contents. They are not intended to be comprehensive, but refer to some specific matters that are considered to be of interest or to need some clarification.2. The subject matter of many of the articles and paragraphs is discussed or commented upon in the text of the book. Some of section cross-references have been provided. Such references are only to sections where the topic is a principal subject and no attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive indexing.3. Although this particular agreement is a three-party agreement, *B* and *C*, the Owners, are required to act as a unit (see para. 1.09. – § 8.44.), making the agreement effectively a two-party agreement. The parties insisted upon having a decision-making Committee and structuring the agreement accordingly. As is explained in § 8.11., such an arrangement is not recommended and can result in problems.5. See also §§ 8.24., 8.41. and 14.13. for discussions on tables of contents, summaries, and headings."

Jan 1, 2003

By J. E. Gill, A. R. Byers

"The property of Sladen Malartic Mines, Limited, is in the northern half of Fourniere township, Abitibi county, Quebec. The group is large, but the part so far found to be of economic interest is a strip 3,200 feet long between the Canadian Malartic property to the west and the East Malartic and National Malartic properties to the east ( Fig. 1).The original claims were staked in 1923 and 1924 by St. B. Sladen and H. S. Kennedy because gold was known to occur on claims nearby. In 1928, detailed mapping of the Malartic Gold Mines property (now Canadian Malartic) showed the presence of an east-west gold-bearing zone traceable almost to the Sladen boundary. During the winter of 1929, a hand-driven drill was used to secure short sections of core through casing pipe sunk to bed-rock. This proved the existence of the main Sladen ore zone, but it was not until the price of gold was increased, in 1934, that serious work was attempted.Underground work was started in 1935 and milling in January, 1938. To the end of 1945, 168,882 oz. of gold were recovered from 1,641,974 tons of ore, an average of 0.103 oz. a ton.GEOLOGYThe bed-rock underlying' the Sladen Malartic property consists mainly of Precambrian greywacke and volcanics that appear to form a conformable series with a general northwest strike and vertical to steep northerly dip. Except where disturbed locally by drag folds or faults, tops face north. Intrusive rocks that range in composition from diorite to granite cut the sediments and volcanics. The basic types, generally quartz diorite and diorite, form dykes or sills in the volcanic rocks. The more acidic types, mainly quartz syenite and related porphyries, intrude the volcanics and the sediments in the form of dykes, sills, and larger, stock-like bodies.The orebodies are parts of slightly shattered or brecciated zones, mainly in greywacke, but partly in syenite, diorite, and volcanics, that have been more or less replaced by fine-grained quartz, pyrite, and minor amounts of sphalerite, galena, sylvanite, petzite, and gold."

Jan 1, 1954

By A. Sutherland Brown

"The Red Rose Mine is in the Rocher Deboule Range, 8 miles south of Hazelton. The mill camp (elevation 4,000 feet) is on Red Rose Creek, 11 miles by road from Skeena Crossing. The mine camp is one mile northeast and 1,600 feet above the mill camp on a spur of Red Rose Peak.The Red Rose mine was described in the Jubilee Volume, Structural Geology of Canadian Ore Deposits (Davis, pp. 129-131), but regional geology and mine development have progressed to a stage at which a more complete description is possible.The property was first located in 1912, and for the next 7 years was prospected actively for gold and copper on the southern extension of the Red Rose shear. Scheelite was first discovered in the vein in the northern part of the shear in 1923. The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited optioned the property in 1939, and after a drilling program in 1940 the present mine development was initiated in the vein in the northern part of the shear. A 75-ton-per-day mill started operating early in 1942 and continued until 1943. The property was inactive until 195 l, when Western Tungsten Copper Mines Limited leased the property from The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. A mill, which later was enlarged to 140 tons per day, started operations at the end of 1951. The mine and mill were closed in December, 1954.The mine has twelve levels and sub1evels, and most of the workings are in the plane of the vein (see Figure 2a). The level interval is not constant, but between the lower four levels is 87 feet (100 feet in the plane of the vein). Access is provided by four adits; the 800 (elevation 5,659 feet), 600 (5,920 feet), 300 (6, 133 feet) and 200 levels (6,237 feet). The 600 level is the main haulage, and from it the ore is transported to the mill by aerial tram. From this level an inclined shaft extends in the vein to the lowest level (I, 100)."

Jan 1, 1949

By A. C. Stevenson

"There are many critical application issues that affect all AC drives, but there are several that are absolutely mandatory for pulse width modulated (PWM) AC drives. If these rules are not followed, the drive system will have insulation, bearing EMI or noise problems. Pulse Width Output VoltageFigure 1 shows the output current of a typical pulse width modulated (PWM) drive. This is, of course, not a clean sine wave thus will have a lot of very significant harmonics. In fact, the harmonic spectrum is directly related to multiples of the carrier switching frequency plus side bands related to the basic output frequency. A typical spectrum for a PWM source bridge switching at 5 kHz is shown in Figure 2. Notice that the spectrum has multiples of the 5 kHz switching frequency and the number of side bands gets larger as the harmonic number increases.IGBT Switching TransientsWhenever we have PWM inverter switching, voltage transients are formed that propagate (usually at about half the speed of light) down the power cables to the motor just like in a radio frequency transmission line. If we do not terminate these transmission lines (motor cables) properly, the voltage pulses will be reflected when they reach the motor end and will be transiently increased up to twice their original amplitude.This transient voltage rise, shown in Figure 3, is important for three reasons:1. Insulation Voltage Stress — Higher voltage stress in the motor connecting cables and motor insulation will lead to a shorter insulation lifetime. If any of the voltage transient peaks exceed the insulation corona discharge level (partial discharge level), the insulation will gradually degrade with each voltage pulse. When it has been sufficiently degraded, it will then fail.Most new “inverter rated” motors have triple layer insulation which has a 1600 to 2000 volt partial discharge level. This will make them suitable to withstand the double voltage peak transient from a 600 volt inverter. It is wise to make sure of this fact, since a “standard” induction motor will only withstand about 1200 volts. Use of a standard motor in this application would shorten its life drastically. This can sometimes be as little as a matter of hours."

Jan 1, 2000

By T. T. Chen

A detailed mineralogical study was carried out to characterize the products generated in a conventional copper refinery anode slimes treatment circuit. The anode slimes, which are first leached in sulphuric acid media under an oxygen pressure to dissolve the copper and much of the tellurium, were found to contain various Ag-Cu selenides, PbSO4, Ag, Au and BaSO4. The resulting Ag2Se, Ag3AuSe2, Se, Au, PbSO4, BaSO4, SnO2 and silicate-rich leach residue is dried and pelletized. It is subsequently roasted to convert the selenium to Ag2SeO3, volatile SeO2 and water soluble Na2SeO4. The roasted product, which was found to consist of Ag2Se, PbSe, PbSO4, BaSO4, Ag3AuSe2, Au and Sn02, is smelted and refined in a Dore furnace to produce a Dore metal that contains a (Ag,Au,Pd,Cu,Pt) alloy together with traces of CuO and a Cu-Pb oxide phase. Parting plant mud shown to contain AgC1, Ag, Au, (Au,Ag,Pd), Ag2Cu2O3 and Ag20, and scrubber mud containing PbSO4 and AgC1 are also fed to the Dore furnace. The Dore furnace sequentially separates a silica slag which was found to consist of Ag, Sn02, BaSO4, Pb-Sb oxide, Fe-Sb-Ni-Cr oxide and a Pb-rich silicate phase, a soda-rich slag containing Na2CO3.H2O and Na2(Se,Te)03, and a niter slag containing Na2TeO3, Na2(Se,Te)03 and a Na-Te-Se-Pb-Ba-Cu oxide phase. The Dore metal is electrorefined in Moebius cells to yield high-purity silver and a gold mud which was shown to consist of a (Au,Ag,Pd,Cu,Pt) alloy and traces of CuO. Silver is leached from the gold mud and the resulting gold sand is cast into anodes and electrorefined in Wohlwill cells to produce pure gold.

Jan 1, 2007

By Réal Marcotte

L'industrie minière représente un apport économique important pour le Québec ; cette production est très diversifiée et répartie dans plusieurs régions. Hormis les forges du St- Maurice au XVIIe siècle, l'industrie minière québécoise commence en 1862 dans la Beauce avec l'exploitation de placers aurifères dans les affluents de la rivière Chaudière; à la même époque, on met en production les mines de cuivre Eustis, Albert et Capelton, près de Sherbrooke1; à partir de 1881, les mines d'amiante et de chromite au voisinage d'Asbestos et de Thetford commencent à voir le jour. Dans les années ?20, l'extraction de métaux précieux et usuels débute en Abitibi- Témiscamingue; durant les années '50, le fer et l'ilménite de la Côte Nord, ainsi que le cuivre de Murdochville et Chibougamau, commencèrent à être mis en valeur. Plus récemment, soit durant les années '80, le sel des Iles-de-la-Madeleine et le graphite des Hautes Laurentides s'ajoutèrent aux produits que nous commercialisons. Finalement, soit en 1998, le Québec devenait un important producteur de nickel avec le démarrage de la mine Raglan, au Nunavik. L'exploitation d'une mine peut nécessiter l'extraction de grandes quantités de roches stériles, particulièrement lorsque la production se fait à partir d'une fosse à ciel ouvert. De plus, étant donné que les minéraux et les métaux mis en marché ne constituent qu'une fraction du minerai extrait, il faut le concentrer : on se retrouve alors avec des proportions plus ou moins importantes de résidus finement broyés. Ces deux types de rejets totalisent bon an mal an environ 100 millions de tonnes. Lorsque cela est possible, ceux-ci sont, soit valorisés comme matériaux de construction ou retournés dans leur lieu d'origine afin de soutenir les murs des excavations. Toutefois, une bonne partie est accumulée en surface dans des aires aménagées spécifiquement à cette fin ; comme le montre la figure 1, la superficie utilisée à cette fin a progressé parallèlement aux booms miniers que nous venons de mentionner pour atteindre actuellement environ 15,600 hectares, dont environ la moitié sont situés sur des aires encore en activité.

Nov 1, 2002

By E. W. J. Thornton

During the past six or seven years extensive research has been performed on ore samples procured at the Bruns1,vick Tin Mines which is located in the south-west corner of New Brunswi.ck. This property was originally staked by Mount Pleasant Mines and they did considerable metallurgical and geological work on a small copper, zinc and tin deposit. In 1969, the property was obtained by the Sullivan Mining Group and after much geological and diamond drilling work, an entirely separate ore body \Vas located two miles south of the previous workings. The major economic metals in this ore zone are tungsten, bismuth and molybdenite, but many other metals exist as well. As the ore contains a host of different mineral species, it can be seen that considerable time WRS required to develop a practical flow sheet.

Jan 1, 1977

By C. Schlumberger

INTRODUCTION The object of the present paper is to discuss, from a geological point of view, the practical results obtained by the authors with the method of the 'resistivity map of the subsoil' in the study of various mining problems. Some of the studies described date from 1920, 1922, and 1923. They are, therefore, quite old, at least as far as geophysical research is concerned (1). Others, on the contrary, are very recent (2). We shall deal only very briefly with the theoretical and technical sides of the processes employed. This paper has, essentially, a practical purpose, and it has seemed unnecessary to enter into a detailed discussion of the methods. Such a discussion cannot be presented without introducing ,quite. Complex considerations both of mathematics and experimental physics, which interest only the geophysicist: whose work is highly specialized.

Jan 1, 1931

By Z. Y. Liu

A local additional potential model (LAPM) was developed to illustrate the role of strain rate in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of pipelines. According to LAPM, both density and mobility of the local active spots on the steel surface, i.e., dislocation emergence points, increase linearly with strain rate. Generation of such active spots introduces an additional negative potential locally, affecting the electrochemical reaction and, consequently, the susceptibility of the steel to SCC. Electrochemical corrosion measurements, slow strain rate tests and electrochemical hydrogen permeation test were combined to demonstrate the validity of LAPM to illustrate pipeline SCC in an acidic soil solution. It is found that a maximum of the SCC susceptibility occurs at strain rate of 10-6 s1, which is associated with an enhanced hydrogen evolution due to the local additional potential (LAP) effect.

Jan 1, 2010

By Soumitry J. Ray

Poor visibility of powered industrial vehicles, such as forklifts, used in industry is often the cause of accidents that include pedestrians. Current standards allow up to 20 % non-visible regions for forklifts where measurement of these regions is performed by using lamps. A collaboration of research organizations, including National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology (NIST), and Direct Dimensions, has been evaluating advanced methods for measuring a forklift operator?s visibility. These methods can potentially improve visibility standards. They can also help forklift and sensor manufacturers to determine (1) how visibility-assist sensors and algorithms can be designed and (2) where sensors can be mounted on forklifts. This paper includes explanation of visibility measurement experiments performed and results, associated language suggested to standards organizations, and a prototype design for measuring the visibility of forklifts automatically.

Aug 1, 2013

By R. Vracar, D. Sinadinovic, Ž. Kamberovic

The paper presents a study on the oxidation of polymetallic gold ore by oxygen in an autoclave. It presents optimum parameters of autoclave leaching of sulphide refractory ore in self-generated sulphuric acid solutions aiming to get products with favourable technological characteristics from which precious and other useful metals can be recovered. A high partial oxygen pressure (1.5 MPa to 2 MPa), high leaching temperature (190°C to 200°C), pulp density 80 g/L to 240 g/L, ore fraction size 76 µm and leaching time up to 4 hours yield good results in rich ores. The full extent of copper and zinc conversion as well as a high extent of iron conversion has been achieved, while lead, gold and silver and a minor part of iron remain as a solid residue among gangue minerals.

Jan 1, 2001

By J. C. Bothan

A program to provide technical in-formation on the use of fuels in pyro-metallurgical processes, from the Canadian fuel viewpoint, was initiated about five years ago by a Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy liaison grou1> composed of members from the Coal Research Committee of the Coal Division and the Iron and Steel Committee of the Metallurgy Division. This paper is another of a series prepared for this program. Previous papers included a review of pyrometallurgical processes of Canadian interest, a survey of ferrous processes relevant to the development of an integrated steel industry in western Canada and a survey of the fuel requirements of the non-ferrous metals industry in Canada. It is widely recognized among per-sons familiar with the Canadian coal industry that, because of the large resources of coking coal in western Canada, the

Jan 1, 1963

By R. E. Eyre, L. P. Landucci

C URRENT practice in the zinc concentrate roasting plant of The Consolidated Mining arid Smelting Company of Canada Limited, at Trail, B.C., involves passing the furnace effluent gases through an electrostatic precipitator for the recovery of dust. After removal of the dust the gas is treated for recovery of sulphur dioxide by conversion into sulphuric acid ( 1). However. as roasting techniques improved, and furnace productivity in-creased, the rated capacity of the precipitator was exceeded and it was necessary to consider various means of improving the dust recovery. A study of methods indicated that a baghouse using silicone-treated glass fabric, might be suitable for this particular application. Glass fabric was chosen because the temperature of the roaster effluent gases would range from 450°F to 500°F and tempering air was undesirable to avoid dilution of the sulphur dioxide gas.

Jan 1, 1962

By C. J. Edmonds

Of the gold mined in Canada over 90 percent is extracted from the ore by the process of "cyanidation". In this process crushed ore is treated with lime to provide "protective alkalinity" and cyanide, usually in the form of sodium cyanide. The gold is dissolved in the cyanide solution, which after further treatments for clarification, is precipitated by the addition of zinc dust. Wastes from the process consist of tailings which will contain cyanides. Water consumption, mill size, effluent quantity and quality are depicted in transparency (1). It should be noted that as far as the wastes are concerned it has been impossible to postulate a typical situation. Variation from the above data will occur. A summary of data from tailings pond effluents is presented in transparency (2). The figures in parentheses indicate the usual range of values for the parameter.

Jan 1, 1973

By Suman Giri

Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is a method of extracting appliance-level power consumption information from aggregate circuit-level data with the goal of giving users feedback regarding their energy consumption so they can take control of their consumption habits. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for classification of on and off states of appliances. We compare the performance of our algorithm in on state detection with a pervious paper that evaluated the same dataset and show that it performs up to 13% better. We also present the results of a case study where we collected data for different modes of a cooktop, microwave and dishwasher and used our algorithms to perform power estimation. The error on ten different setups in the test bed ranges from 1% to 32%. We discuss our results and lay out ideas for future work.

Aug 1, 2013

By W. M. Armstrong, John A. H Lund

The paper describes an investigation of some of the tensile properties of single crystal vanadium, poly-crystalline vanadium and polycrystal-line tantalum, in the range of: W°C to -196°C. Techniques employed in the preparation and testing of specimens are discussed in detail. Some results of determinations of the temperature dependence of yield stress and ductility are given, and discussed in terms of the Cottrell-Bilby Theory of yielding. At subnormal temperatures, all the body-centred cubic transition metals in the Periodic Table exhibit; a) the "yield phenomenon" in tension, b) a strong temperature and strain rate dependence of yield stress, and c) a large decrease or complete loss of ductility. The yield phenomenon (existence of an upper and lower yield point) has been explained by Cottrell and Bilby ( 1) in terms of the dislocation-locking effect

Jan 1, 1961

By L. Jiang

The evolution of twinning in an AM30 Mg alloy was examined by uniaxial tension and compression testing at temperatures from ambient to 250°C and a strain rate of 0.1/s. The samples were cut along the extrusion direction from extruded AM30 Mg alloy tubes. Specimens deformed to various strain levels were examined by optical microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The results indicate that the initial extrusion texture plays an important role in the formation of different types of twins and that the twinning behavior also depends on the strain path. Contraction and double twinning are the dominant twinning mechanisms in uniaxial tension, while extension twinning prevails in uniaxial compression. The different twinning behaviors are shown to be responsible for the sharply contrasting strain hardening characteristics of the experimental flow curves.

Jan 1, 2006

By David K. Fountain

"The growth of the mining industry in British Columbia in the last ten years has been largely the result of the development of large low-grade copper and molybdenum deposits. There are two problems which must be solved in the search for mineral deposits of this type. It is necessary to detect large volumes of rock containing a low percentage of total sulphide mineralization1 and, secondly, to get some idea of the economic significance of this mineralization. The standard geophysical exploration techniques available have a varying degree of application in the search for disseminated sulphide de-posits. The electrical methods, and the induced polarization method in particular, are the most successful direct methods, and magnetic methods have indirect application in most situations. This is illustrated by geo-physical survey results from several properties in British Columbia."

Jan 1, 1968