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Arizona E. P. MATHEWSON, Chairman W. V. DECAMP. First Vice-chairman H. W. ALDRICH, Second Vice-chairman E. D. GARDNER, Secretary-Treasurer, Care U. S. Bureau of Mines, Tucson, Ariz. F A. AYES, J. P. HODGSON W L DU MOULIN WILLIAM KOERNER Boston Meets first Monday each winter month GEORGE B WATERHOUSE, Chairman GEORGE A PACKARD, Vice-chairman F. LEROY FOSTER, Secretary-Treasurer Room 8-219, Mass. Inst. of Tech , Cambridge, Mass. F K MORRIS F S MULOCK

Jan 1, 1923

By R. M. Raymond

The Mining Section of The National Safety Council recently sent out a questionnaire to operators, regarding the class of rope used, specifications required or obtained, factors of safety observed, methods of fastening ropes, lubrication, inspection, and points observed when rope is to be discarded. The answers received from this questionnaire, largely from metal mines, give interesting information, from which recommendations for safety practice on hoisting ropes are drawn. Depth of Mine The depth in the majority of cases noted is from 1000 ft. to 1500 ft. (304 to 457 m.) and records come from a number hoisting from depths of 2000 to 3000 ft. Hoisting is generally done in balance, with a few companies using counterweights. Seldom, more than two shifts are occupied in hoisting. A number of large operators limit the shift for engineers to 6 hr. A few of the larger operators have separate hoists for men and supplies, with a higher class rope for men. The range of loads varies from 7 to 17 tons and greater in a few cases, with a balanced weight of 4 to 7 tons. Size or Drums and Sheaves The size of drums and size of sheaves are generally in accordance with recommendations of rope manufacturers. Only one-half of the operators use grooved drums; one, The Sulphide Corpn., New South Wales, uses wood-lagged drums. Very few operators have drums capable of holding all the rope in a single wrap. Cone drums or cone and cylinder drums, in the mines heard from, are very rare. A few mines of shallow depth use a small drum and large-sized sheave. While this may be allowed, and in some cases is all right, the size of drum and sheave should be fully equal to that recommended by the rope manufacturers and should be at least 60 to 100 times the diameter of the

Jan 1, 1923

By Edward L. Estabrook

This paper gives a brief account of the geologic and production problems encountered in the Grass Creek oil field, the methods used in their solution, and the beneficial results obtained from the work. The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance received from J. H. Pearson and Miss Ninettta A. Davis in the collection of the data and the preparation of the cross-sections. Permission for its publication was given by the officials of the Midwest Refining Co. and the Ohio Oil Co. The Grass Creek oil field is located in Ts. 98-99 W., R. 46 N., Hot Springs County, Wyo. The productive area includes about 2 1/2 mi. (4 km.) on the apex of a great anticlinal fold occupying more than 150 sq. mi. Fig. 1 shows the structural contours of the field. Oil was dicovered in the field in June, 1914; development proceeded rapidly and production rose to a maximum in 1918. The marketed production has been approximately as follows: Barrels Barrels 1915.................... 94,073.5 1918................... 2,946,774.27 1916................... 1,404,183.97 1919................... 2,000,584.84 1917.................... 2,780,697.51 1920................... 1,485,080.94 About 350 wells, 800 to 1500 ft. (243 to 457 m.) deep, have been drilled to reach the upper oil sands; two companies, the Ohio Oil Co. and the Midwest Refining Co., operate the entire field. The principal producing sands in the field are members of the Frontier Formation, a series of sands and shales occuring in the upper portion of the Colorado Group of the Upper Cretaceous seriee. These Frontier, or "Wall Creek" sands are also productive in the Salt Creek, Big Muddy, and Elk Basin fields and, therefore, are much the most important reservoirs of light oil in Wyoming. At Grass Creek, the sands in the Formation are more numerous than in the other fields and much less uniform in thickness and character. Usually, eight distinct beds are encountered and in some wells twelve sands have been reported. The formation above

Jan 1, 1923

By F. A. Linforth, W. B. Daly

The sampling and estimating of the orebodies in the mines of the Anaconda Copper Mining Co., at Butte, have been made a part of the work of the geological department. The wisdom of this assignment is apparent, considering the organization of that department, the nature of its records, and the scope of its regular work. In the first place, the district is divided into units of two or three mines each and a geologist is assigned to each group. His trips to all the working places are frequent and he follows the mining operations closely. His notes are graphic and detailed. In the office, he posts his notes on the standard maps and sections and on special maps for correlation purposes. With the approval of the chief or assistant chief geologist, he recommends development work underground and watches its progress. This gives the geological department a precise knowledge of the character of each orebody. Sampling is done by one or two samplers at each mine working under a chief sampler stationed in the geological office. The chief sampler has access to all the office maps and is in frequent consultation with the geologists; his instructions to the samplers are issued with the approval of the chief or assistant chief geologist. Not only is it important that the geologic information be used to direct the sampling but the reports of the samplers and the records kept by their chief are useful to the geologist, who needs them in his work of estimating ore reserves and deciding on recommendations for development work. The sampler, moreover, is at the mine every day and makes a daily report, which keeps the geologist in close touch with the progress of development work. The sampler is attached to the mine office and thus comes under the jurisdiction of the operating department. In fact, any special orders prepared by the chief sampler are submitted to the general superintendent, after approval by the geological department. The mine foreman may

Jan 1, 1923

By S. F. Shaw

The Sierra Mojada mining district is situated in western Coahuila, about 8 km. east of the Chihuahua state line, and about one-half way from the northern to the southern extremity of the state. It is at the terminus of the Mexican Northern R. R., 125 km. northeast of Escal6n, Chihuahua; also about, 240 km. due west of Monclova, Coahuila. The altitude is approximately 1500 m. above sea level. The Sierra Mojada valley is about 10 km. long, from east to west, with a width of 1 to 2 km. It is approached from the east through the Puerto del Oro, where the Mexican Northern R. R. enters the valley; the slope from west to east is gentle. The Sierra Mojada, of which about 300 m. is an almost vertical wall, bounds the valley on the south side; on the north side, the slope to the crest of Sierra Planchada is more gradual, rising only 200 or 300 m. above the valley. Water is relatively scarce in the district, and there are no running streams. The rainy season, usually beginning at the middle of June, lasts through July, and occasionally into August or September. In some years the rains fail entirely. The slope of the ground is such that nearly all the water immediately runs off. The arroyos along the flanks of the mountains are not very deep, but in heavy rains, sometimes approaching cloudbursts, a tremendous volume of water rushes down them, carrying large boulders. A certain amount of seepage collects in the agglomerate, lying below the conglomerate, and is retained in the local fractures. Some shallow wells have been sunk in this agglomerate, and one well over 150 m. deep was sunk on the Volcan ranch, supplying about 76 1. (20 gal.) per min. A considerable supply of water is collected in large earth reservoirs in and below the town of Esmeralda. In ordinary years this supply will last until January or February, after which the Volcan well has to be depended on until the next rainy season. Vegetation is scarce, aside from scanty scrub oak and other brush in the mountains, and a few mezquite, locust, pepper, and cottonwood trees

Jan 1, 1923

Estimated Receipts Dues Arrears $ 3,500 00 Current 108,115 00 New Members - 11,937 00 In Advance 1,763 00 $125,315 00 Initiation Fees - 7,250 00 Initiation Fees-Additional if increased to $20 00 7,250 00 Sale of Transactions 3,000 00 Sale of Binding 7,092 00 Sale of Magazine 2,913 00 Sale of Pamphlets 370 00 Sale of Indexes and Emmons Vols 313 00 Sale of Pyrometry 900 00 Sale of Raymond Vol 100 00 Interest received on Bank Balance . 500 00 Interest received on Life Memberships 500 00 Advertising-Gross 27,000 00 Voluntary Subscriptions-Estimated 16,000 00 Income from James Douglas Fund 5,000 00 Total $203,503 00

Jan 1, 1923

Robert Campbell Gemmell, assistant managing director of the Jackling allied porphyry mining properties in Utah, New Mexico, Arizona and Nevada, died suddenly on Oct. 25, of heart trouble, while traveling from Hurley, N. M., to Los Angeles. To shape justly even an outline of the brilliant career and uniquely charming personality of Mr; Gemmell is well-nigh impossible, and any effort so to do can but demonstrate the inadequacy of language to sound the depths of soul-stirring sentiments. To touch upon his more important work, and afford even a limited conception of his general worth and character, is all I can hope to do.

Jan 1, 1923

By W. G. Harbert, C. Upthegrove

DURing the past year considerable work dealing with physical properties of cartridge brass was done at the University of Michigan in cooperation with the Ordnance Department of the U. S. Army. This paper gives some of the data bearing on the effect of the anneal, previous to the final reduction-or rolling, on the physical properties, particularly the hardness. Various phases of the subject of physical properties of cartridge brass have been presented by different investigators. Mathewson and Phillips1 refer to the work of Grard, in 1909, as the first systematic presentation of the relation between temperature and time of anneal, changing of physical properties and microstructure, and the previous reduction by cold rolling. They discuss the relation between time and temperature of annealand the previous reduction by cold rolling; also the relation between physical properties and grain size of annealed brass. The degree of deformation previous to the annealing was found to determine the temperature at which recrystallization and corresponding changes in physical Properties would take place. relation between grain size and Brinell hardness, found the hardness for low-temperature annealing to be dependent on the previous degree of reduction, while for anneals above a certain temperature the hardness after the anneal was independent of the degree of reduction. Actual differences in hardness, due to the degree of reduction, disappear only on annealing at 600" C. or above; though the differences for metal subjected to different degrees of reduction and annealed at temperatures between 350" and 600" C. were found to be relatively small. In their determination of the relationship of grain size to Brinell hardness, Bassett

Jan 1, 1923

LIST OF THE MEETINGS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THEIR LOCALITIES FROM ITS ORGANIZATION Transactions Number Place Date Vol Page 1 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?71 1 3 2 Bethlehem, Pa August, ?71 1 10 3 Troy, N Y November, ?71 1 13 4 Philadelphia, Pa February, ?72 1 17 5 New York, N Y May, ?72 1 20 6 Pittsburg, Pa October, ?72 1 25 7 Boston, Mass February, ?73 1 28 8 Philadelphia, Pa May, ?73 2 3 9 Easton, Pa October, ?73 2 7 10 New York, N Y February, ?74 211 11 St Louis, Mo May, ?74 3 3 12 Hazleton, Pa October, ?74 3 8 13 New Haven, Conn February, ?75 3 15 14 Dover, N J May, ?75 4 3 15 Cleveland, 0 October, ?75 4 9 16 Washington, D C February, ?76 4 18 17 Philadelphia, Pat June, ?76, 5 3 18 Philadelphia, Pa October, ?76 5 9 19 New York, N Y February, ?77 5 27 20 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?77 6 3 21 Amenia, N Y October, ?77 6 10 22 Philadelphia, Pa. May, ?78 6 18 23 Chattanooga, Tenn May ?78 7 3 24 Lake George, N.Y. Oct. ?78 7 25 Baltimore, Md. Feb. ?79 7 26 Pittsburgh Pa, May ?79 8 27 Montreal, Canada Sept, ?79 8 28 New York, N.Y. Feb, ?80 9 29 Lake Superior, Mich Aug, ?80

Jan 1, 1923

||Abad, Leopoldo F, College of Min, Univ of California Berkeley, Cal '23 ||Abarquez, Ramon F, Met, Bureau of Science Manila, P I '24 ||Abbey, Robert Graham, Student, Case School of Applied Science Cleveland, Ohio '21 Abbott, A N , Mines Supt , Mazapel Copper Co , Ltd Concepcion del Oro, Zacatecas, Mexico '23 Abbott, Clarence E, Gen'l Supt, Iron Mines Div, Tenn Coal, Iron & R R Co, 1405 Minnesota Ave, Bessemer, Ala '04 Abbott, Louis Benjamin, Chief Engr, Consolidation Coal Co, Elkhorn Div 'Jenkins, Ky '15 Abbott, Robert R , Met Engr, Peerless Motor Car Co Cleveland, Ohio '12 ||Abbott, Wells Osborn, Ray Consolidated Copper Co Hayden, Ariz '23 Abeel, George H, Jr, Cons Min Engr 4612 W 17th St, Los Angeles, Cal '18 Abel, Albert E, Asst to Pres, Valley Mould & Iron Corpn Sharpsville, Pa '19 ?Abeloff, Miran S Address Wanted '21 Abernathy, G E, Kansas State Teachers College Pittsburgh, Kans '20 Abey, Hiroshi, Min & Met Engr, Takata & Co, 2 Yeirakucho, Nechome, Kojimachi-ku,

Jan 1, 1923

TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND THE MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERS Gentlemen -It is pleasant to be able to report that the year just closed has been a prosperous and successful one for the Institute As is shown by the reports of the Treasurer and the Finance Committee, the business affairs of this organization are in excellent condition With property valued at more than three-quarters of a million dollars, and with con¬siderable sums in various funds and endowments, it is possible to spend on each member of whatever class $22 65 each year, more than the maxi¬mum amount of dues received from any one, and substantially twice the average amount, $10.94, received from all To do this has required close management and a strict regard for our limitations In 1926, when the Budget was made up, the estimated expenditures for the work which it was felt the Institute must do exceeded the estimated receipts by some $14,000. At the close of the year, despite a` number of unexpected decreases in receipts, it had proved possible to accomplish substantially all the work laid out and close the books with the usual transfer of initia¬tion fees to the General Reserve, and still only reduce the cash balance $2,074 54. This was made possible by the hearty and loyal cooperation of the whole staff of employees and the extremely large amount of gratui¬tous service rendered by the officers, the members of the Divisions and technical Committees, and the membership generally Even so it was impossible, because of limitations of funds, to undertake many things it is highly desirable for the Institute to do, and it was necessary to refuse the publication of important papers and committee studies, because of the lack of funds.

Jan 1, 1923

By M. Mathieu

The Rove tunnel is the means by which the canal from Marseilles to the Rhone Riverl penetrates the hills of Nerthe, lying between Mar- seilles harbor and Lake Berre, Fig. 1. The canal will communicate at sea level with both terminals. The original project planned a lock near the village of Marignane; but observations, pursued for more than three years, showed that the water surface gradient would average only 0.015

Jan 1, 1923

By Walter Weeks

THERE is very little useful material in the litera-ture on the construction of manometers, so each experimenter must devise his own instrument. I have experimented for a number of years and have finally built one that is satisfactory. If we are to obtain accurate friction factors in mine-ventilation problems we must use accurate instruments. The most simple and convenient instrument for the mea-surement of small pressures is the inclined manometer or U-tube. By changing the angle at which the tube is set, any desired magnification of the pressure reading may be obtained. The first question in regard to the manometer is: What liquid shall be used? Alcohol, in my opinion, is the best. It does not cling to the glass and it does not attack the rubber tubes. The next problem is the setting of the instrument at the proper angle. One method is illustrated in Fig. 1. The base plate AC is made horizontal by a level bubble. The plate AB, which carries the U-tube, is hinged at A. The angle z which AB makes with the horizontal may be made any value by pinning the end B at the calculated position on the arm CD. Such an instrument may be designed to read directly in inches of water if a liquid of constant specific gravity is used. If the specific gravity varies, a calculation is necessary to convert the reading into inches of water.

Jan 1, 1923

By Douglas Muir, Chas. A. Chase

The Aztec mine is not widely known, by reason of its isolation and the relative insignificance of its tonnage; financially, however, it has an enviable record and geologically it is extremely interesting. The town of Baldy, Colfax County, the mine camp, at an elevation of 10,000 ft. (3048 m.) is 8 mi. west of Ute Park, the terminus of a branch of the A. T. & S. I?. Ry. The mining tract was designated by the Maxwell Land Grant Co. as the Aztec Reservation, and lies on the east slope of Mt. Baldy, the summit of which, 12,491 ft. (3807 m.), is one of the highest in the state. Rich copper float was found on the northeast slope of the mountain in 1865, and discovery work was begun the next year. At the same time, gold placers were found on Willow Creek, on the southwest side of the mountain, and the Elizabethtown settlement followed shortly. Gold washing lasted many years. In 1867, placer gold was found also on Ute Creek, the tracing of which to its source led to the locating of the Aztec mine by Lynch, Dogherty, and Fosley in the following year. The early production came from the contact of shale and sandstone or from sandstone immediately above the contact. Exact record of production is lacking, but L. C. Gratonl gives estimates ranging between $1,250,000 and $1,500,000, of which about $1,000,000 was taken out in the first four years. After the exhaustion of the early bonanza, production continued intermittently until 1909, when the Maxwell Land Grant Co, undertook systematic development, through four adits at intervals of 75 ft. vertically or approximately 100 ft. on the dip of the contact, which was thought to contain generally a quartz-pyrite vein. The two intermediate adit? almost immediately reached ore, the most southeasterly in Fig. 2. This ore, however, was not mined until 1911-12; its grade was about $20 and

Jan 1, 1923

Abbey, Robert Graham, District Mgr. The W W. Sly Mfg. Co,. 50 Church St, New York, N. Y. '21 Abbott, A. N., Mines Supt., Mazapil Copper Co., Ltd ..Concepcion del Oro, Zac., Mexico. '23 Abbott, Argyle Campbell, Dev. Dept, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co, Wilmington, Del. '29 Abbott, Clarence E., V.P, Charge of Raw Materials, Tenn. Coal, Iron & R. R. Co, 1242 Brown-Marx Bldg, Birmingham, Ala. '04 Abbott, Louis Benjamin, Chief Engr., Elkhorn Div., Consolidation Coal Co, Jenkins, Ky. '15 Abeel, George H., Jr., Cons. Min. Engr Box 427, Santa Monica, Cal. '18 Abel, Albert E., Asst. to Pres, Valley Mould & Iron Corp Hubbard, Ohio. '19 Abel, Raymond L., Asst. Prof., Dept. of Pet Refin., Univ. of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pa. '28 Abell, Leo M., Research Engr, Sullivan Concentrator Chapman Camp, B. C., Canada. '31 Abernathy, George Elmer, Prof. of Geol. & Min . Kansas State Teachers College, Pittsburg, Kans. '20 Aborn, Robert H., Research Lab, U. S. Steel Corp. Lincoln Highway, Kearny, N. J. '19 Abozeid, Mahmood, Dept. of Mines & Quarries Cairo, Egypt. '26 Abraham, Arthur W. Box 1466, Bakersfield, Cal. '20

Jan 1, 1923

Executive ROBERT E. TALLY, Chairman WILLIAM H BASSETT JOHN A. MATHEWS Louis S. CATER EDGAR RICHARD Finance HENRY KRUMB, Chairman H A GUESS H G. MOULTON Admissions ERLE V. DAVELER, Chairman GEORGE D BARRON H K MASTERS JOHN M. LOVEJOY P. A.-MOSMAN Alternates E. L. ESTABROOK C. E MEISSNER J. A. SINGMASTER FRED H. KAY

Jan 1, 1923

By C. D. Woodward

The Anaconda Copper Mining Co. purchases 25,000 kw. of electric power for its mining operations at Butte, Mont. This power is delivered, over duplicate feeders, in the form of 60-cycle, 2400-volt, three-phase current, to five compressor plants, where most of the energy is used for driving air compressors. At the compressor plants are located the switching apparatus for controlling the 2400-volt power and distributing it to the various mines. At these points, also, there are a number of motor-generator sets for converting the alternating current to 275-volt direct current for the haulage systems. Pole lines convey the powcr from the compressor plants to outdoor transformer substations at most of the mines. When it is not economical to distribute the power at the lower voltages in the mines, transformers and motor-generator sets are placed at strategic points underground. All power is purchased on a maximum-demand basis; therefore there is installed at one of the compressor plants an eight-element totalizing graphic wattmeter. This instrument records simultaneously the value of all power taken at the numerous points of delivery, which not only climinates the diversity factor but permits load dispatching between compressor and pumping plants, and thus materially reduces the maximum demand from the power system. As most of the mine hoisting is done by 90-lb. compressed-air winding engines, the air-compressor equipment for the winding engines and mining operations is quite extensive. The standard air compressor has a rating of 7500 cu. ft. per min. of free air, and most of the compressors are directly connected to synchronous motors. The synchronous motors are designed for 80 per cent. loading power factor, thus facilitating power-factor correction of total mine load. Consequently by cooperation with the power company, the voltage of the power received at the compressor plants is constant. In the mines there are installed an induction motor load of approxi-mately 10,000 hp., and 4500 kv.-a,, in transformer capacity. It is the practice to install 2200-volt motors in the mincs, except those rated below 50 hp, hence there are in operation underground about 5000 hp., in the

Jan 1, 1923

By A. S. Richardson

THe conditions that make necessary the mechanical ventilation of the Butte mines of the Anaconda Copper Mining Go. are due to a number of causes, all of which are incidental to the depth at which mining operations are now carried on, The main object to be accomplished, of course, is the reduction of the temperature and humidity of the air in the working places. Ventilation fans, both surface and underground, have been used for many years, but increasing depth has made the problem much more difficult. Further improvement in both ventilation equipment and methods, therefore, became necessary; and it is the purpose of this paper to describe the work planned and done under the improvement program. The mines of the district have been frequently described in various technical publications, so a description is unnecessary here. From a mine-ventilation viewpoint, compared with coal-mine ventilation systems, the problem is complicated by the fact that the workings to be ventilated are situated on a large number of steeply dipping veins which frequently intersect and are faulted, and also by the fact that the extent, or existence, of orebodies is not definitely known in advance of actual development work. For these reasons ventilation work cannot be planned in advance of actual operations, nor can such regular systems of ventilation as are used in working the more uniform and continuous bodies of coal be developed. When operations are conducted at a normal rate, about 10,000 miners are employed on two shifts, so that about 5000 men will be underground at one time. But as ventilation is necessary to reduce high temperature and humidity due, mainly, to natural causes, the quantity of air per man per minute is not a governing consideration in determining ventilation requirements. Most important among the numerous sources of heat and humidity in the mines are: heat generated during decay of mine timber; heat and humidity given off by mine rock and water; heat generated by oxidation of sulfide minerals; heat given off by electrical equipment; heat generated by mine fires (in certain localities).

Jan 1, 1923

ALABAMA Aldrich.-Lloyd, T. W. Ashland.-Downs, F. G. Geary, E. S. Auburn.-Brown, R. L. Bessemer.-Abbott, C. E. Ball, T. L. Ferguson, V. Salmon, H. S. Stuart. Q. W. Birmingham.-Adams, J. H. Aldrich, T. H. Aldrich, T. H., Jr. Allen, A. W. Armstrong, W. D. Ball, E. M. Bonnyman, J. Bush, M. W. Crawford, G. G. Davis, C. B. Ellis. E. E.

Jan 1, 1923

ALABAMA Aldrich -Thomas, D A Altoona -Cain, J Anmston-Cowie, L K Walmsley, W N White, H E Bankhead -Terentieff, V E Bessemer -Abbott, C E Ball, E M McKenzie, W C, Jr Mitchell, F R Morgan, C Thompson, N E Birmingham -Adams, J H Adler, J E Aldrich, T H Aldrich, T H , Jr

Jan 1, 1923