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By P Rowe

New Zealand Steel's Taharoa titano-magnetite mine, south of Auckland, set two national load records when it transported around 2000 t of mining equipment three kilometres overland on time, under budget and without safety incident. It was the first time in New Zealand that four platform trailers were assembled end-to-end to transport a load. It was also the first time that a single load of 1000 t was transported on platform trailers. The need for the relocation of all equipment was realized five years ago. It took two years of planning and specialist advice to relocate the mine's 250 t dredge, 500 t surge bin, 1000 t concentrator plant and ancillary equipment from the Southern Mining Region across a specially designed haul road to the Central Mining Region. The project was carried out during a six-week shutdown in early 2001. Two dry docks were constructed, one at each end of the relocation route. The equipment was floated into a dismantling pond that was interconnected with the dry dock in the Southern Region. Through pumping, the water levels were controlled to allow transfer of the separated units from the dismantling pond into the dry dock. Once drained, sets of self-elevating platform trailers were used to transport the main units, one at a time, between the dry docks. Five prime movers were used to pull the loads. At the receiving end, the units were off-loaded in a dry dock interlinked with ,the first mining pond. The equipment was relocated because the reserves in the Southern Mining Region were mined out. A natural watercourse û the Wainui Stream û defines the northern boundary of the Southern Region and the objective became to relocate the mining plant to the other side of the stream and re-establish in the Central Region. The project team selected the trailers as the most effective means of transporting the equipment, particularly given the non-invasive means of crossing the Wainui Stream. Negotiations with prime contractor Tranzcarr Heavy Haulage Ltd commenced in mid-2000. The remainder of 2000 was spent in developing concepts with the contractor, detailed designing, preparing the dry docks, haul road and initial mine plan for the Central Region. These activities occurred with no conflict to the normal site production.

Jan 1, 2001

Bailey, Lewis Newton, Master Engineer, Senior Grade, 4th Regiment, U. S. Engineers, Headquarters Company, died of pneumonia at Camp Merritt, N. J., on April 30, 1918. Baird, Louis, Lieut., Royal Field Artillery, British Army, died on the battlefield in 1915. Cobeldick, William Morley, Royal Engineers, died from gas poisoning on October 7, 1915. Dougall, Ralph, killed in action. Evans, Alfred Winter, Lieut.-Col., New Zealand Rifle Brigade, D. S. 0., D. C. M., killed in action on October 12, 1917. Gorman, Thomas C., Lieut., Canadian Engineers, killed in France, Mar. 18, 1918. Hague, William, 1st Lieut., Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps, died in active service. Hall, William T., Capt., Royal Flying Corps, killed in action. Heine, Bernhardt E., Lieut., Aviation Service, killed at Fort Sill, Okla., Aug. 10, 1918. Irving, John Duer, Capt., 11th Engineers, A. E. F., died while on active service in France on July 26, 1918.

Jan 9, 1918

By F. Habashi

Asbestos, an extremely useful natural resource, has been studied extensively mineralogically and for industrial application. Its extraction from ores has been greatly improved with respect to safety in the work place. In spite of that, there is a decisive effort in many countries to ban its use on the grounds that it is a toxic substance. This action resulting in drastic decrease in production and the possibility of destroying the industry. The chelation of asbestos with organic dyes seems to be a promising way to abate its toxicity. Dyeing can be done when the fibers are slurred in water at ambient conditions in the same way as textile fibers.

Jan 1, 2009

THE Synthetic Liquid Fuels Act (30 U.S.C., 321-325, and amendments) become law April 5, 1644, and a period of intensive research and development in this field was begun by the Bureau of Mines. As part of this program bulletins were published on a pressure hydrogenation,3 the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,4 and oil shale.5 The Bureau also has published a short bibliography on coal gasification,6 mostly of a theoretical nature. Because coal gasification is prerequisite to Hither the Fischer-Tropsch or coal-hydrogenation processes, publishing this sizable, collection of technical information in this form will be valuable. The material is presented in three parts, as follows: I. United States Patents. II. United Kingdom, Australian, Canadian, and South African Patents. III. Belgium, French, German, Italian, and Swedish Patents. The domestic patents for this bulletin were collected between 1963 and 1955. Some of the Foreign Patents were collected at the same time and a few of them later in 1961. Part I was published in 1960; Part II was published in 1962.

Jan 1, 1964

By John S. Burton

Mineral policy in Canada has been in a state of transition and change over the past several years. 1976 has witnessed some settling of troubled waters and the pattern of the currents of change is becoming more clear. The provinces play a key role in this process and have provided much of the thrust for new initiatives. On the other hand, the federal government in Canada in recent years has taken a much more active interest in mineral affairs than previously and has asserted its powers on a number of key policy questions. Some of the initiatives from the two levels of government in Canada have come into conflict with each other and, thus, contributed materially to a state of affairs that includes change, uncertainty and conflict.

Jan 1, 1976

By C. E. Melbye

A serious problem confronted the city of Gunnison early in 1958 in that, for a few months during each spring runoff, the water supply derived from the Gunnison River became polluted to an unsafe point. The city management had the choice of building a new filter plant to replace the old unworkable one or drilling wells to develop a ground water supply. The cost of a new filter plant was estimated at $180,000 compared to $50,000 for 6 wells, pumps, and additional water lines, hence their decision to attempt the development of sufficient ground water. Six wells at 300 gpm per well were estimated as necessary to handle the peak usage of 1800 gpm, compared to only 600 gpm winter usage. Although the water table is only about 7 feet below the surface, existing private wells drilled at random locations were producing much less than 300 gpm. The problem was to find sufficient quantities from about 6 wells. Since the presence of an ancient bedrock channel was suspected, which would be expected to localize greater quantities of water, the city of Gunnison authorized a resistivity survey to investigate bedrock topography below unconsolidated gravels. Survey results were highly satisfactory and led to the preparation of a fairly detailed bedrock contour map, Fig. 1. This map was used in selection of all well sites. The city of Gunnison is situated in a flat, broad, Quaternary gravel-filled valley (terrain dips south at 20 feet per mile) at the junction of the Gunnison River and Tomichi Creek. The valley, about 2-4 miles wide, is bordered by hills of Tertiary volcanics to the northwest, Cretaceous and Jurassic sediments to the north and northeast, and pre-Cambrian granite and gneiss to the south. One previous deep test well at the west end of the city hit pre-Cambrian granite at 496 feet, which, allowing for 40 feet of surface gravels, makes the older sedimentary section 456 feet thick. This section is probably all Jurassic Morrison formation, consisting of the Saltwash sandstone overlain by the much thicker section of Brushy Basin shales and mudstones. According to the driller's logs, each well was bottomed in what is believed to be Brushy Basin shale. FIELD PROCEDURE A standard Gish-Rooney type of resistivity apparatus was employed, which used 45-volt dry batteries as a direct-current power source. Applied voltages could be selected from 45 volts to a 270-volt maximum. Copper-coated steel stakes were employed as current electrodes and porous porcelain pots as potential electrodes to avoid possible polarization effects with direct current. The expanding Wenner electrode configuration was utilized for this investigation and measurements were made at 20 40, 60, 80, and 100-foot spacings,

Jan 1, 1961

By Thomas G. Goonan

Copper production through smelting generates large volumes of material flows. As copper contained in ore becomes copper contained in concentrate to be fed into the smelting process, it leaves behind an altered landscape, sometimes mine waste, and always mill tailings. Copper concentrate, fluxing materials, fuels, oxygen, recyclables, scrap and water are in-puts to the process. Dust (recycled),gases — containing carbon dioxide(CO2) (dissipated) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) (mostly collected, transformed and sold) and slag (discarded or sold) — are among the significant process outputs. This article reports estimates of the flows of these input/output materials for a particular set of smelters studied in some countries. They include Chile (Altonorte, Caletones, Chagres, Chuquicamata, LasVentanas and Potrerillos), Japan(Naoshima, Onahama, Saganoseki,Tamano and Toyo), the United States(Garfield — Fig. 1 — Miami and Hayden) and Europe (Glogow I, Glogow II, Huelva, Norddeutscheand Ronnskar).

Jan 1, 2005

By J. E. Hawley

This paper constitutes a report from the Committee on Geological Research to the Geology Division of the Institute. Two years have elapsed since a formal report was made containing several resolutions aimed at assisting geological research, a review of research equipment available, a summary of research projects suggested for consideration, and a list of research then in progress (see July, 1947, Bulletin, pp. 351-370). At this time we may note what action has been taken on the various resotions and suggestions of the Committee, indicate the more important accomplishments of independent investigators, and present a summary of the rather imposing volume and variety of research currently being carried on throughout the country. I.-Committee Resolutions and Suggestions 1.-A National Advisory Committee on Research in the Geological Sciences The original resolution adopted on the setting up of this Committee was approved with despatch by Council and was forwarded to the Minister of Mines and Resources. Due to a reorganization in the Department and possibly other reasons, no action on this important matter has yet been taken, but we are assured that some time this year such a Committee will be established by the Department of Mines and Resources. Unquestionably, it will give a fresh impetus to research in the geological sciences. When the noteworthy progress made by the research committees on Geophysics and on Soil and Snow Mechanics, established by the National Research Council, is considered, it is indeed regrettable that the Department of Mines and Resources has not acted more decisively in this matter.

Jan 1, 1949

By A. H. Shoemaker

This paper describing the mining practices at the Old Dominion mine, Globe, Ariz., is one of a series being prepared by the United States Bureau of Mines on mining practices, methods, and costs in the various minim districts in the United States. The Old Dominion mine is situated in the eastern port of the Globe-Miami district, about 1-1/2 miles north from the center of the town of Globe. An average of nearly: 1,200 tons per day was mined during 1928. The prevent production is about 1,500 tons per day; of this amount,, approximately 100 tons is direct-smelting ore that is shipped to the smelter at Miami and 1,400 tons milling ore which is treated in the company?s concentrator at Globe. About 600 men are employed at the mine.

Jan 1, 1930

By J Widjaja, E Hermawan, M Muharam, L Damanik

"An EXTENDED ABSTRACT is available for download. A full-length paper was not prepared for this presentation. The island of Java lies within the Sunda-Banda magmatic arc, which is characterised by multiple phases of volcanic activity and extensive compressional deformation. Along this zone, significant gold and copper mineralisation occurs, including some of the world’s largest deposits. In West Java, epithermal gold mineralisation is typically located in a series of extensional and strike-slip faults that cut Miocene to Pliocene volcanic rocks. These are all low-sulfidation, epithermal, vein-stockwork-style deposits developed in Miocene to Pliocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, which have been intruded by shallow-level plutons.This paper discusses an example of epithermal mineralisation at Mt Subang, West Java. Gold mineralisation was originally identified from stream sediment, panned concentrate and rock geochemistry sampling in the early 1990s. Geophysical surveys (magnetics and induced polarisation resistivity/chargeability), trenching, pitting and diamond hole drilling has subsequently revealed silicified-quartz vein epithermal gold mineralisation hosted within fault structures. It is clear that these structures acted as hydrothermal fluid pathways leading to the development of mineralised offshoots along north–south extensional and en-echelon arrays of north-east–south-west and transtensional faults. A number of vertical offshoots also occur in flexures and fault jogs. Post-mineral faulting has subsequently dissected and offset a number of the offshoots. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of structure and fault kinematics and displacement magnitudes is required in order to understand the geometry and continuity of mineralisation across major structures and maximise the resource potential. A range of exploration targets were modelled, indicating a minimum and maximum of 0.2 and 1.8 Moz of gold respectively.CITATION:Cunningham, M J M, Muharam, M, Damanik, L, Hermawan, E and Widjaja, J, 2015. Structural controls on the localisation of low-sulfidation epithermal mineralisation in West Java, Indonesia , in Proceedings PACRIM 2015 Congress, pp 227–234 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Mar 18, 2015

The greater part of this paper comprises the material used in a lecture delivered to the South Queensland Branch of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy in September, 1949. It contains little in the way of original matter, its main purpose being to call attention to the need for research into the properties of Queensland coals and to indicate some of the lines such investigations might profitably follow.Since the lecture was given the Powell Duffryn (1949) 1 report, which has made an excellent start along these lines, has been printed. This report is, however, only a beginning, though a big one, and there is ample room for many years of work along similar lines.The paper is based largely on the work of de Jersey (1946, 1949)2,3,4,5 and Jones and de Jersey (1947)6, but these workers in turn owe a debt to the work of many British and American investigators, too many to enumerate. The subject is a very large one-to deal with it fully would require not a paper but a book; all the author can hope to do is to discuss very briefly some of the main lines of investigation and indicate some of their applications.The reason for selecting Queensland coals in particular is the widespread ignorance of the extent of the coal resources of that State and the almost complete ignorance, to within the last year, of the modern industrial purposes to...

Jan 1, 1950

By Arnold M. Lansche

[Selenium and tellurium are rare elements in the earth's crust. Their scarcity and primary dependence of supply on copper and lead output are in consonance with the relatively small quantities consumed at 1964 level. Production depending on output of copper and lead creates a supply situation- which would appear to militate against development of large-scale usage of these elements. However, supplies have adequately met. demand in the past decade and can be increased substantially if warranted by new uses for either selenium or tellurium Ores of copper and lead re the principal sources of selenium and tellurium. Byproducts from the smelting and refining of copper and lead concentrates are incorporated in refinery anode slimes from which selenium and tellurium metal are recovered.]

Jan 1, 1967

By Caio Fernando Dias Guillen

Ao longo dos anos os aços para moldes plásticos tornam-se cada vez mais importantes no campo de aços ferramenta. A aplicação destes materiais estende-se pela indústria de processamento de diversos polímeros. Assim são esperadas propriedades específicas dos aços utilizados em cada condição: resistência mecânica, polibilidade, usinabilidade, resistência à corrosão e resposta à texturização são fatores determinantes na escolha do aço. O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar, com relação às propriedades mais importantes para os moldes plásticos, uma gama selecionada de aços. Através de ensaios foi possível elaborar um quadro comparativo que define os aços que melhor respondem à determinada solicitação. A caracterização dos aços ocorreu através de ensaios de tenacidade, impacto, tração, dureza, características micorstruturais.

Jul 30, 2018

By J. O. Marsden

Over the past eight years, Phelps Dodge (a subsidiary of Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc.) devoted a significant amount of effort to the development of a suite of processes for the effective hydrometallurgical treatment of copper sulfide concentrates. This effort resulted in the development of high-temperature (>200ºC) and medium-temperature (150° to 165ºC) pressure leaching processes. Specific configurations of both processes have been commercially demonstrated at Phelps Dodge?s facility in Bagdad, Arizona. This paper reviews in detail the chemistry of medium-temperature pressure leaching of copper concentrates and reports on the process development work conducted by Phelps Dodge and others for this technology. This paper is Part I of a four-part series on this technology. Part II covers the development of medium-temperature pressure leaching and direct electrowinning technology; Part III considers the large-scale demonstration of the MT-DEW-SX process at Bagdad, Arizona; and Part IV addresses the development and design of a full-scale commercial application at Morenci, Arizona.

Jan 1, 2007

By B. W. J. van Rensburg, M. J. Schmidt

Bulk materials handling systems are extensively used in the mining and minerals industry, where a fairly high incidence of structural failure is experienced, notwithstanding design compliance with appropriate standards. A number of case studies are explored to demonstrate how insufficient controls or protection systems have contributed to structural failures on mobile bulk handling equipment. The importance of design integration across engineering disciplines is highlighted. The revision of ISO 5049-1 (1994) is proposed to provide specific rules and guidelines pertaining to machine protection systems. It is further recommended that the structural design engineer of the original equipment manufacturer(OEM) fulfils a more prominent role during the final acceptance and handover of mobile bulk handling equipment, with specific reference to protection systems.

Jan 1, 2015

By Robert L. Kranz

The U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) has been monitoring and studying seismic activity associated with mining in the Coeur d'Alene silver district of northern Idaho. New statistical methods of studying the stope-scale (1-to l00-m) seismicity at one Idaho silver mine are used in this report (part 1) and its companion (part 2). This report deals with methodology and its limitations. The recent concept of fractals and their seismological use is discussed and applied to mining-induced seismicity. Three types of fractal studies are addressed: spatial analyses (including temporal changes of spatial patterns), temporal analyses, and size analyses. Other statistical measures of mine seismicity are also addressed: event mean location, inter-event distance distribution skewness, temporal coefficient of variation, nearest neighbor and next event statistics, and event location planarity patterns. Each of the methodologies discussed (fractal and nonfractal) is presented using sample data from two stopes in the mine. It is shown that stope-scale, mining-associated microseismicity has a fractal nature. The usefulness of demonstrating fractality (scale invariance) for predictive or descriptive purposes depends on recognition of the factors affecting the calculation of fractal dimensions. Several methodological traps are illustrated that can lead to an incorrect conclusion.

Jan 1, 2010

By F. Habashi

The peninsula that lies between the Black and Mediterranean seas, called Asia Minor by the Romans and Anatolia by the Greeks, was one of the crossroads of ancient civilizations. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 was a turning point in the history of mankind. Visits to Istanbul, Ankara, Eskisehir, Cappadocia, and Trabzon will be given together with the history of the country. Mineral resources of the country will also be briefly outlined.

Feb 23, 2014

By Christine Hansen

?Kiss my Asteroid? Unofficial Title Human life is tied to minerals It?s worth noting that: The living human body consumes minerals. The minerals we take in multivitamins show the close linkage between human beings and mineral resources. Unlike tourism or specialized manufacturing, a human being could not live without mineral consumption. Minerals and their consumption is a tangible part of human life.

May 1, 2013

By R. M. Waterstrat

X-ray diffraction and metallographic examination of binary Mn-rich alloys with Ti revealed the presence of intermediate phases in this system. A binary R phase has been identified and also a phase having an a-Mn type structure. The X-ray pattern of the phase TiMn3 is presented and a tentative phase diagram for the Mn-rich portion of this binary system has been constndcted. MANGANESE-rich alloys with titanium have been subjected to thermal analysis at temperatures down to 1100°C by Hellawell and Hume-Rothery.1 Their results indicate the existence of an intermediate phase TiMn3 in this binary system. This phase appears to coexist with the Laves phase TiMn2, and with terminal solid solutions based on the allotropes of manganese, at least down to 1100°C. The above investigators did not attempt to determine the crystal structure of this phase, however. Since, by analogy to the binary systems Mn-V and Mn-Cr3 one might expect to find a phase in this region of the diagram, it seemed desirable to obtain X-ray diffraction patterns of alloys in the concentration range in question, in order to ascertain whether the sigma phase or related structures occur. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Alloys were prepared by arc-melting electrolytic manganese and iodide titanium in a water-cooled copper crucible under a helium atmosphere. Excess manganese was added to each melt in order to allow for losses incurred during melting. The alloys were then wrapped in molybdenum foil and sealed in evacuated quartz tubes for annealing at various temperatures, as shown in Table I, followed by quenching in cold water. Although the inside of the tubes showed evidence for some loss of manganese from the specimen during annealing, there was no evidence of any reaction between the specimen and either the molybdenum foil or the quartz tube at these temperatures. It was later found that the manganese loss was considerably reduced by annealing these alloys in sealed quartz tubes containing one atmosphere of purified argon. As an added precaution the surface of each specimen was ground off before crushing the alloys to -270 mesh powder, using a hardened steel mortar and pestle. X-ray powder patterns were obtained using either FeKa or CrKa radiation in an asymmetrical focusing camera, which gave excellent dispersion of the closely spaced lines. Pictures were also obtained using a Debye camera of 5-cm radius which provided data in the angular region not covered by the focusing camera. The alloy specimens were polished and examined metallographically, using an etchant consisting of 60 pct glycerine, 20 pct nitric acid, and 20 pct hydrofluoric acid. The 10-g buttons were in each case broken in half and found to be well-melted and free of any gross segregation. One half of certain alloy buttons was submitted to chemical analysis in the "as-cast" condition. No appreciable change in composition seemed to occur during annealing . RESULTS The X-ray pattern of alloy Ti1.17Mn0.83 was found to agree well with that of the ternary R phase which was first found in the Mo-Cr-Co system,' and re-

Jan 1, 1962

By AIME AIME

BESIDES commanding increasing importance as an alloying element in combination with ferrous and other nonferrous metals, the variety of uses for pure nickel continues to widen. For coinage it is growing in popularity. These coins have been minted for 27 countries in 72 issues representing 69 denominations. Approximately 3,000,000,000 pieces have been struck, the aggregate weight, of which amounts to nearly 14,000 tons. . Danzig, Iraq and Japan are the most recent governments to adopt, pure nickel coinage. France is adding the denomination of five francs to its other nickel currency; they replace silver pieces. Germany is now minting a new issue of one Reichsmark coins of pure nickel. The Japanese program for 1933 called for the issue of 35,000,000 10-sen pieces and 30,000,000 5-sen pieces. In radio tube manufacture the consumption of pure nickel was approximately twice that of 1932. During 1.933 the nickel plating process by which bright deposits may be plated

Jan 1, 1934