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By Nickol Estrada, Maylin Mendoza, Jean Bueno

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar mediante las campañas de sondajes de perforación diamantina un nuevo dominio litológico, que hemos denominado- “Volcanico mineralizado” que sea económico y rentable para la producción, este volcanico mineralizado tiene características físicas, químicas y mineralógicas distintas a las que ya conocíamos cuya inclusión en los procesos de extracción y recuperación de mineral, significo un gran reto para los profesionales de Cerro Lindo, para esto fue necesario combinar varias herramientas geológicas para su caracterización (litológica, mineralógica, alteración y estructural), la estimación de las reservas así como la aplicación de las mismas en la Geometalurgia, para superar los desafíos encontrados.

Sep 29, 2023

By José Luis Calderón Jiménez

"Dadas las limitaciones económicas de los gobiernos locales y poco apoyo del Estado, la mina Poderosa recibe presión de la población para cubrir el déficit de servicios que requiere el distrito de Pataz y mejorar la calidad de vida de sus pobladores influencia. En ese sentido, la mina desarrolló un modelo de organización que busca fortalecer las capacidades de gestión y presencia del Estadoa través del proyecto que implica el fortalecimiento de los CODECOS mediante reconocimiento municipal e inscripción en registros públicos y la capacitación a los líderes y autoridades en talleres, pasantías y encuentros con expertos. Así, se mejora la relación con la comunidad de forma sostenible y armoniosa."

Sep 1, 2016

By Joseph Yancik

El presente texto señala el método de evaluación que determine el sistema óptimo de los explosivos de una voladura. Los componentes básicos para una voladura óptima son: características de la roca, planificación de la mina, preparación, manipuleo, equipo de procesado y sistema de explosivos. Es preciso anotar que el punto óptimo de una voladura no está constituído por un grupo estático de condiciones. Si consideramos que los costos de perforación y disparo representan una parte significativa del costo total de la operación de minado, no es posible ignorar avances tecnológicos que ofrecen substanciales reducciones en el costo. Em este sentido, el sistema de potencia de campo, se plantea como el sistema adecuado para la predicción rendimiento de un explosivo a través de la determinación de su potencia, "in situ" bajo condiciones indicadas.

Jan 1, 1971

By Brian Fulcher

In April 1997, Kiewit/Parsons Brinckerhoff (K/PB) completed the 7,600-m (25,000-ft) primary access tunnel for the Yucca Mountain, NV proposed high-level nuclear waste site. K/PB then began boring an exploratory east-west cross drift tunnel at the site. The 2,681-m (8,796-linear ft)East-West Cross Drift Tunnel was excavated through volcanic tuffs having zones of incompetent rock using a rebuilt Robbins 5-m (16.4-ft)hard-rock tunnel boring machine(TBM) with a special arrangement of supporting equipment. This portion of the Yucca Mountain project was completed in eight months.

Jan 1, 2000

By James Warner, Peggy Ganse, Glen Smoak, Raymond Henn, Sam Bandimere

Over the past several decades, cement-based grouts using ultrafine cement as are placement for portland cement have begun to gain acceptance as an alternative to chemical solution grouts, however the amount of information currently available on these grouts is limited. For this reason, the authors developed a field testing program to evaluate the penetration capabilities of various ultrafine cement grout mixes. The tests were conducted by injecting sand columns using different portland and ultrafine based grouts, the measuring penetration distances after applying equal injection pressure for the same time period. Results of tests performed in 1999 and 2000 are discussed herein.

Jan 1, 2001

By Bin Tang, Suping Yao

In the last decade, the copper industry in China has developed rapidly and attracted the world’s attention. The production capacity of refined copper has grown remarkably from 4.578 million tons in 2010 up to 9.029 million tons in 2018, accounting for about 40% of the global refined copper production. And now, China has become the biggest refined copper producer in the world. This paper summarizes the application of modern copper metallurgical technologies such as Outotec flash smelting/converting technology, Cyclone smelting technology, TSL (ISA/Ausmelt) smelting/converting technology, Jinfeng side blown smelting and Baiyin side blown smelting technology, Chifeng side blown smelting and continuous top blown converting technology, SKS bottom blowing technology, Dongying two-step smelting technology, copper electrorefining with high current density, etc. in China’s copper industry, analyzes and compares the characteristics of those technologies and presents the great efforts of China’s copper smelters in adapting to the increasingly strict emission standards and improving economic benefits of copper smelters. INTRODUCTION China has been the biggest refined copper producer in the world for many years. China produced million tons of refined copper in 2018, accounting for 40% of the copper smelting production in the world, and of which, roughly, 70% of the copper concentrate was imported, mainly from Chile, Peru and Australia. ICSG (International Copper Study Group, 2017) shows clearly the position of top 20 countries of copper production and copper mine production (Figures 1 and 2). Blast Furnaces, Reverb Furnaces and Electric Furnaces dominated China Copper Smelting for quite long time till 1980s. The first modern copper smelting technology (flash copper smelting) was introduced into China in 1980s, then followed by Noranda, Ausmelt and ISA. Since then, China copper smelting technology stepped into modern time. Since 2000, old processes (Blast Furnace, Reverb Furnaces and Electric Furnaces) were phased out and replaced by modern smelting technologies. China Copper Production has been increasing dramatically (Figure 3).

Jan 1, 2019

THE Synthetic Liquid Fuels Act (30 U.S.C., 321-325, and amendments) became law April 5, 1944, and a period of intensive research and development in this field was begun by the Federal Bureau of Mines. As part of this program, bulletins were published on pressure hydrogenation,3 the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,4 and nil stifle.5 The. Bureau also has published a short bibliography on coal gasification,6 mostly of a theoretical nature. Because anal gasification is prerequisite to either the Fischer-Tropsch or coal-hydrogenation processes, publishing this sizable collection of technical information in this form Will Ire valuable. The material will he presented in three parts. as follows I. United Stares Patents. II. United Kingdom, Australian, Canadian, and South African Patents. III. Other Foreign Patents. Part I appeared in early 1960. Part II follows.

Jan 1, 1962

THE following notes were accumulated during the years 1905 to 1911, when the writer was employed at Stannary Hills. The writer's duty took him over the underground workings daily. In odd moments the geology of the surrounding country was worked out. As the time for this purpose was limited, many interesting points had to be left, untouched. The faulting system in the mines was of such a puzzling character that it seemed as if the geology of the surrounding district might throw some light on it. Dr Jack, in 1907, reported on these mines for the shareholders, but came to no definite conclusions. Unfortunately, the writer has not had access to this report for many years. At the time of his visit the larger develbpments in the Ivanhoe and, Kitchenen orebodies (see Fig 1, B2) were only being opened up. Mr. H. Herman mentions Stannary Hills on p 320, Proceedings Aust Inst ME, new series, No 14, and on p 326 expresses the opinion that the pipe or joint-veins (as at Irvine bank and Stannary Hills) were more valuable to follow than lodes in the granite in that district.GEOLOGY OF DISTRICTThe main feature of the area mapped is a band of altered sedimentary rocks which carry no fossils. It is a mile wide, and consists of a hard band of greywackes 200 ·t ·300 yds. wide, flanked on both sides by contorted shales which become more micaceous as the granite-area to the east is approached. The strata have a general strike of N. 30° W., with a steep westerly dip. A large area of acid intrusive rocks occurs to the west of this band. The outstanding feature of the district is a fault which cuts the sedimentary series in two, to the...

Jan 1, 1918

By Kelly E. G

NZ Steel's flushing slag typically contains 1.2 per cent V203. Extraction of vanadium from powdered slag using a salt (NaCI or Na2CO3) roast/leach process was investigated. With NaCl, optimum extraction conditions were a charge containing 10 per cent NaCI, roasting in air at 875°C for 4 hours, followed by leaching in dilute H2SO4. Extractions were typically 30-50 per cent. NaCI roasting did not chemically attack the slag; the phase transformations that occurred were due to high temperature oxidation. Slag particle size had a significant effect on extraction.Optimum conditions for extracting vanadium by Na2C03 roasting were 20 per cent Na2CO3 in the charge and roasting in air for 3-4 hours at 850-875°C followed by water leaching.Na2CO3 roasting involved chemical attack that resulted in the formation of perovskite (CaTiO3) and carnegieite (NaAISiO4).The extent of vanadium extraction depended on the amount of Na2CO3 added and the original slag SiO2 content.Compared to the separate roasting treatments, simultaneous treatment with NaCI and Na2CO3 gave lower vanadium extraction, while requiring considerably higher roasting times and temperatures.

Jan 1, 1982

By Wilson O. A

TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Introductiona. Process Changes since 1939.b. Current Practice.2. Ore Characteristicsa. Copper Minerals.b. Gold Occurrence.3. Treatment of High Grade Acid Orea. The Ore Treatment Planti. Coarse Crushing SectionDust Controlii. The Concentrating MillDesliming SectionGranular GrindingGranular FlotationGranular Flotation ReagentsFlotation MachinesSlime FlotationConcentrate CleaningConcentrate Handlingiii. Scavanging No.1. Mill Granular Tailings at No. 2 MillRegrinding UnitScavenger Flotationb. Pyrite Productioni. Pyrite Flotationii. Pumping of Pyriteiii. Storage of Pyriteiv. Pyrite Loading

Jan 1, 1952

By Carlie E. Banks

Tasks during Phase I of this contract effort were performed in four principal functional areas. These were geology, hydrology, reclamation and mining. Data were gathered from literature reviews, mine visits, survey of manufacturers, consultation with government agencies, and unpublished or private communications with contractors and consultants. The data collected were analyzed for omissions or inaccuracies, then organized into tables, graphs and flow charts to provide a concise body of technical and cost data suitable for the engineering analyses required in Phase II of this contract. Maps illustrating estimated grade and thickness of the oil shale were prepared, some of which are included as exhibits to this report. A preliminary mine layout was performed to test the completeness of the collected data.

Jan 1, 1975

By John Kinneen, Sunghoon Choi, Arne Fareth, Edward S. Barboe, Kyle R. Ott

A new water treatment plant is to be constructed for a portion of the water supply system of New York City. The project includes construction of new water conveyance tunnels crossing perpendicular and sub-parallel to the existing pressurized water tunnel at two locations. A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of new tunnel construction on stability of the existing tunnel and hydrojacking potential in the surrounding rock mass. This paper introduces a practical approach to evaluate tunnel interaction, expressed in terms of rock-liner interaction, stress-induced stability and hydrojacking failures. A simple method to evaluate hydraulic and mechanical properties of concrete liners and jointed rock mass is also presented.

Jan 1, 2007

Antes de determinar la construcción de una represa de relaves, es necesario evaluar la locación y el procedimiento a utilizar para el depósito de los mismos. En este sentido, el objetivo del trabajo describe la rehabilitación de dos represas en la zonas mineras del país, donde una ejemplifica el aspecto del lugar en que fue situada, mientras que la otra, describe el procedimiento de su construcción. La primera de las represas de relaves se sitúa en el lecho de una quebrada, donde previamente se excavó hasta encontrar una roca firme, construyéndose un acueducto de concreto que sirve para decantar las aguas provenientes de relaves y lluvias. El depósito de relaves se realizó por una tubería elevada sobre la represa, separando las arenas segregadas debajo de los pitones para formar los bancos de la represas con ese material. A diferencia de otras represas convencionales, la filtración del agua es necesaria para lograr una distribución en cantidades que no afecten la estabilidad de la empresa. Así, esta primera represa cuenta con un reservorio adecuado y un acueducto de piedra que filtra la humedad, aunque no logró filtrar completamente el agua de la represa, desequilibrando el contenido de la arena con el agua. Para subsanar dicha situación, se tuvo que perforar con brocas diamantinas la roca debajo de la represa, concluyéndose que la estabilidad de la represa es un elemento necesario para la construcción de la locación. De otro lado, la segunda represa está situada sobre una quebrada angosta, donde el terreno en el que se depositan los relaves es detrítico sobre la roca permeable. Para el procedimiento de su construcción se excavó una zanja sobre el piso de la quebrada y se colocó una tubería de doce pulgadas para tomar el agua que posteriormente se decantaría por las chimeneas de concreto. En la rinconada de la quebrada se excavó una hoya con suficiente pendiente, a fin de contener huaycos y asi evitar que la sedimentación obstruya el canal. Luego se realizó una modificación a través de la deposición de arena de los ciclones en la construcción de bancos de reservas, adoptándose la estructura de una represa sobre otra, de forma que la arena nunca descansa sobre la lama, la filtración se hace más lenta a través de ambas represas y el riesgo de roturas del banco es menor, obteniendo un mayor espacio de área para la decantación y el almacenamiento de aguas en la represa. Así, los ciclones se convierten en un elemento de ayuda para la represa auxiliar, rehabilitando a la represa anterior y permitiendo que esté activa nuevamente.

Jul 20, 1959

By Feria Bengoa

El creciente interés del público sobre los problemas ambientales, la satisfacción de los clientes y la seguridad minera, ha generado un alza de leyes en el sector minero e industrial, nuevas ONG y la búsqueda de productos, materiales y procesos compatibles con la preservación de los recursos naturales y cada vez más seguros. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo muestra la estructura del SIG basada en el ciclo conocido de Shewhart (PDCA), y que constituye la espiral de mejora continua de las normas internacionales ISO 9001, ISO 14001 y OHSAS 18001. La base comprende 17 procesos que conforman el SIG según la filosofía del PDCA, los que han sido agrupados como: Política, Planificación, Implementación, Evaluación, Mejora y Revisión de la Alta Dirección. La implementación del SIG que se está realizando en la Fundición de Cobre, asegura la calidad del proceso productivo, estandarizar las mejores prácticas operativas a través de instrucciones de trabajo y procedimientos, motiva y forma a todo el personal de la empresa, cumple con la legislación y mejora la seguridad y salud ocupacional de todo el personal.

Sep 12, 2005

By R. Falcon, P. den Hoed, A. Luckos, R. Erasmus, V. du Cann, D. Comins

Carbon as a reductant, additive or filler is an essential element in the processing of metallic ores and the manufacture of iron and steel in the metallurgical industry. In most cases, the element carbon is derived from coal and its carbon derivatives. The properties of carbon required for the different processes in each metallurgical sector vary significantly and, for this reason, matching the correct carbon product for each specific process has become an important if not vital function in all sectors of this industry. This selection process, however, has become increasingly difficult. In many cases, the substitution of new products, despite being similar in all relevant chemical specification characteristics to previous products, has resulted in different performance properties relative to that expected. Under these circumstances, the prediction of performance of unknown carbon products has become fraught with difficulties unprecedented in the past. In order to initiate an investigation into addressing these issues, a test case was selected for indepth study the results of which are reported in this paper. The case concerned the use of a specific carbon feed in a conventional submerged arc furnace which gave rise to an unprecedented amount of unreacted or only partially consumed residue trapped in the frozen slag on the refractory walls of the furnace. During the course of these investigations, different advanced analytical technologies were employed including, inter alia, Raman spectroscopy, surface dimensional tests, organic petrology and various thermal reactivity factors. All results have been integrated into a multidisciplinary assessment presented in summary in this paper. Based on the above, and previous experience, the concept of an all-embracing 3-D coal-carbon ?framework? is briefly introduced. This approach has succeeded in obtaining greater depth of knowledge and a better understanding of the issues at stake with specific reference to the organic composition, structure, texture, internal surface area and consequent reactivity of the carbon materials concerned. In consequence, it would now appear that various properties of relevance to the metallurgical industry may be predicted with greater precision than has hitherto fore been possible.

Jan 1, 2004

By Lever R. R

The paper discusses assay methods generally used when prospecting for gold, and also the applicability of various chemical methods, it describes a new paper chromatographic technique.for making fairly rapid semi-quantitative assays for very fine gold. Testing of the method in field work shows that this simple method could have applications in geologic work, in prospecting and in certain routine mine sampling work. It is not yet a method that can be used to detect anomalies in traces of gold dispersed around an orebody, as is general practice in geochemical prospecting.INTRODUCTIONAccording to the English economist Harrod (1958), "the acute shortage of gold in the world-because currency value has not been adjusted in line with the fall in the goods value of the various currencies-has been a familiar fact for some time now". Harrod calculates that a rise in the price of gold to double its present value is necessary to rectify this condition, and that, if this rise were to take place, increase in production and reduction in private hoarding might well bring annual accretion to world stocks from the presentaverage of about $464 million to a figure close to the $2,000 million that would probably eiiminate these shortages.Any increase in the price of gold is bound to lead to a great increase in prospecting at working mines, in abandoned areas and possibly in untouched country. Prospecting, techniques for base metal orebodies have improved greatly in the last thirty years; but methods available to detect gold occurring without accessory metals have not received the same attention. With this in mind a paper chromatographic method of assaying for gold has been developed by Lever (1958). In the field this semi-quantitative method has proved...

Jan 1, 1959

By Jean Pool Pillihuaman Carmona

En los procesos de separación del material valioso y la ganga, se consume energía que representa un alto costo dentro del proceso productivo minero. Se estima que este costo equivale a un 35% del precio de venta del metal. Este alto consumo de energía es requerido en los procesos de chancado y molienda, durante los cuales se busca un alto grado de reducción, hasta lograr tamaños, cada vez más pequeños, que permitan conseguir la liberación del mineral valioso, para su posterior recuperación como concentrado. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo investigar y cuantificar el posible efecto positivo en el costo de la energía involucrada, que se conseguiría al aplicar energía microondas. El ensayo se realizó en roca mineralizada de un pórfido de cobre-molibdeno proveniente de la mina Cerro Verde.

Sep 1, 2017

By Williams Morales Céspedes

Uno de los problemas que surgen durante el proceso de chancado reside en el porcentaje de humedad en los minerales. La presencia de arcillas en forma de bolones causa menor productividad puesto que atora las chancadoras y, por consiguiente, se debe reducir el tonelaje de tratamiento. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo señala el proceso de aglomeración como alternativa de mejora química y física del mineral, de forma que se utilice fajas de mayor resistencia a la abrasión. Para ello, se realizan pruebas con adición al cemento en menor cantidad, para en un futuro dosificar con menor cantidad de cemento sin afectar los actuales parámetros de lixiviación. Así, el cemento, aparte de servir como aglomerante, es un regulador del pH, que actualmentese envía al Pad con promedio de 11 pH.

Jul 31, 2003

Local conditions at Hatches Creek are described, together with the mineralogy, mining and treatment of tungsten ores, with particular reference to procedures adopted by Pimer Mines, N.L.The Hatches Creek tungsten field covers an area of about 20 square miles in: Central Australia; 285 miles' N.E. of Alice Springs. Access is by rail to Alice Springs, then by 200 miles of bitumen highway to Barlo Creek and 8,5, miles of bush track to the field. Passengers can also reach the mines by... A semi-desert climate prevails Rain; generally in the form of thunderstorms falls in the summer months: December to March. Average annual rainfall is approximately 15 inches but there is great variation from year to year, occasional droughts being followed by torrential downpours. Vegetation is sparse except in the wide creek beds. Surface water occurs in rock holes some of which, spaced miles apart, carry permanent water...

Jan 1, 1955

By Carlos Del Río S

Se presume que el valor de los concentrados en tungsteno es afectado por un alto contenido de impurezas, generando considerables multas en el mercado minero. Por ello, el presente estudio señala la eliminación de estos sedimentos, a través de tres sistemas como el "leaching", la flotación y la separación magnética, donde además de obtenerse limpio el producto a costo de operación pequeña, se valoralizan los concentrados, evitando el pago de multas. Al tiempo que muestra la flotación de los sulfuros metálicos como el sistema más adecuado para separarlos de la hubnerita de los preconcentrados de la mina Pasto Bueno.

Jun 20, 1954