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By Robert N. Roby

This report is one of a series based upon investigations made and being made within the Missouri River Basin in Montana by engineers of the Bureau of Mines , Albany Branch , Mining Division . These investigations are made primarily to provide preliminary information to Department of Interior agencies and others concerned with the planning of the proposed Federal power developments within the Missouri River Basin . The present report has been designed to permit public distribution of the factual data obtained . The field investigations in Meagher County were made during tually all 1948 ; Vir- known metallic mineral occurrences within the county were investigated ; some nonmetallic mineral deposits also were investigated . The investigations cannot be considered complete , however , because some long-inactive mines or prospects may have been missed . Most of the old mine and prospect openings are caved; many are completely inaccessible . Many of the claims located years ago have been abandoned ; others have been relocated under different names and ownerships . Because of such conditions , much of the information regarding their development and operation necessarily has been obtained from Federal and State publications , supplemented by information provided by owners and local residents .

Jan 1, 1950

By Rita D. Sylvester

"THE BUREAU OF MINES was established in the public interest to conduct inquiries and scientific and technologic investigations concerning mining and the preparation, treatment, and utilization of mineral substances; to promote health and safety in the mineral industries; to conserve mineral resources and prevent their waste; to further economic development; to increase efficiency in the mining, metallurgical, quarrying, and other mineral industries; and to inquire into the economic conditions affecting these industries. The organic act of the Bureau, as amended by Congress and approved February 25, 1913, made it the province and duty of the Bureau to ""disseminate information concerning these subjects in such manner as will best carry out the purposes of this Act.""In accordance with that directive, the Bureau reports the findings of its research and investigations in its own series of publications and also in articles that appear in scientific, technical, and trade journals; in proceedings of conventions and seminars; in reference books; and in other non-Bureau sources. The number of these reports, the wide range of subjects they cover, and the variety of mediums in which they appear make the kind of list and index presented III this special publication both necessary and valuable. This issue describes Bureau reports and articles published during the period January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1964. It supplements the 50-year list of Bureau publications issued from July 1, 1910, to January 1, 1960,2 and the 50-year list of articles by Bureau authors published outside the Bureau from July 1, 1910, to January 1, 1960.3 It supersedes the annual lists of Bureau publications and articles from January 1 to December 31, 1960/ from January 1 to December 31, 1961,5 from January 1 to December 31, 1962,6 and from January 1 to December 31, 1963,1 The leading general and technical libraries of the United States maintain files of the Bureau's publications. A list of these libraries appears immediately following this introduction. BUREAU PUBLICATIONSBecause some series of Bureau reports contain both free and sales publications, and because the cost of sales publications varies, prices are indicated in the individual listings of all publications for which charges are made."

Jan 1, 1964

By H. C. Fowler

Technical developments in the American petroleum industry as regards exploration, drilling, production, and transportation were characterized by many anomalous conditions during the half decade 1914-19. A review of the literature of that period discloses the striking fact that individual geologists, engineers, and other technologists were surprisingly well versed concerning the occurrence of natural hydrocarbons and methods of extracting them and were acquainted with many of the physical and chemical characteristics that influence the behavior of fluids in natural reservoirs. However, the industry as a whole knew little of the correct application of recognized fundamentals; indeed, judged by present standards certain expediencies of self-styled "practical' operators seem cumbersome, if not evidences of ignorance.

Jan 1, 1941

By W. P. Yant

This report describes result of a study of the carbon monoxide and particulate matter in the air of the Holland, Tunnel and metropolitan New York made by the Bureau of Mines (which had participated in the development

Jan 1, 1941

By Robert L. Lagace

An investigation is made of the feasibility of developing compact transmit antennas and/or other means to efficiently couple VLF to MF band radio energy between portable wireless communication units in coal minus. The completely wireless communication ranges between two portable radios equipped with practically-sized reference loop antennas in representative coal mine environments are estimated. Antenna technology is assessed with respect to transmit moment, range, intrinsic safety, battery and wearability requirements to determine the most suitable antenna types for use by miners. It is concluded that air-core bandolier loop antennas, and perhaps ferrite-loaded loop antennas, having peak transmit moments of about 2.5 ampere-m2 will be the most effective antenna choices for portable units. This choice, however, will not allow the range goal of 1350 feet to he attained in mines having unfavorable signal attenuation and noise environments. Rectangular air-core loops are compared with grounded horizontal-wire and vertical-wire mode exciters for fixed station applications. The potential for significantly increasing the wireless communication range by inductively coupling to communications and power lines in a mine is evaluated and found to be considerable based on theoretical coupling equations. Lastly, the theoretical performance of a hybrid noise cancelling diversity receiving technique that utilizes both the electric and magnetic field components of the ambient noise to improve the receiver output signal-to-noise ratio under certain adverse conditions is estimated and shown to be favorable when the magnetic and electric field noise components are highly correlated.

Jan 1, 1977

By J. S. Coffman

Wyoming is estimated to have more than 700 million tons and Utah more than 2.5 billion tons of +10 percent P2O6 phosphate rock considered to have some future economic potential. In Wyoming, the +24 and +18 percent P205 rock potential resources total nearly 250 and 450 million tons, respectively. In Utah, the +31, +24, and +18 percent rock total approximately 33 million, 222 million, and 2.2 billion tons, respectively. These resources are all located above the local drainage levels and do not include latent resources. All of the mining and beneficiation of phosphate rock in the two States is done by San Francisco Chemical Co. The facilities include open pit mines at Vernal, Utah, and Leefe, Wyo.; an underground mine in the Crawford Mountains, Utah, and beneficiation plants at Leefe and Vernal. One of the principal markets for the phosphate rock is Western Phosphates, Inc., fertilizer plant at Garfield, Utah. Recent exploration and development has been under-taken by different companies in the Southeastern Wind River Range, Sublette Range, and Crawford Mountains. The facilities at Leefe and Vernal are in the process of expansion. Some of the areas of western Wyoming contain vast quantities of phosphate rock in minable units, but, because of their remote location, are classed as latent areas. In these areas, there are estimated to be about 700 million, 2 billion, and 3 billion tons of phosphate rock in the +24, +18, and +10 percent P205 grade classes, respectively. The Snake River Range of Idaho and Wyoming is also estimated to contain roughly 21, 106, 177, and 214 million tons of potential resources in the +31, +24, +18, and +10 grade categories, respectively. This area also contains a large amount of latent rock in the more remote areas.

Jan 1, 1967

By J. Adkins

This document presents a description of the results of a project aimed at producing a broad description of current mining training programs and an evaluation of their effectiveness with respect to reducing mine injuries. Aggregate training and injury data were used to evaluate the overall training effort at 300 mines as well as specific efforts in twelve categories of training course objectives. From such evaluations, recommendations were derived with particular emphasis being placed on identifying program characteristics that tend to be associated with effective training. Recommendations were also formulated with reference to role changes in industry and government interaction with respect to training programs, new or additional training programs, changes in the types of course materials and training methodologies, and recommendations concerning new areas for investigation.

Jan 1, 1976

The first metal-mine accident-prevention course was prepared and published in 1942-45 as a series of seven miners' Circular (Nos. 51-57). The scope of the course has been broadened, revised, and brought up to date and is being published as a similar series of seven miners' circular pros. 51-57, revised) on accident prevention in metal and nonmetallic mines. These circulars are: Accident Statistics (Miners' Circular 51), dealing with general statistics on accidents and injuries at metal and nonmetallic mines, including causes, costs, and the uses of investigations and reports of all accidents.

Jan 1, 1957

By Koehler Stout

Previous work done by the authors of this report indicates that hydraulically-placed backfill can be strengthened several fold by various placement methods. Sunshine mill tailings were tested by these placement methods and strength increases up to thirty times were achieved over the ordinary placement methods. A computer simulation study of the test stope in the Sunshine Mine showed that a high-modulus fill absorbs up to 27% of normal stresses versus 7% for "normal" fill while reducing maximum convergence 28% versus 8% for "normal" fill. Although high-modulus fill was not placed in the test stope during this contract, various instrumentation was purchased, designed and built to record necessary data in the stope. Stress gauges were placed in the pillars and recorded data corresponded quite closely with theoretical projections.

Jan 1, 1983

By K. T. Menzies

Over 1500 literature citations related to diesel exhaust sampling and analysis were obtained as a result of both computer and manual searches of nine data bases. Abstracts and hard copies of relevant citations were reviewed and those considered appropriate for evaluation were included in a bibliography. Based on the literature collected, available sampling and analysis methods for the following diesel exhaust contaminants were evaluated: CO, CO2, NO, NO2, Hydrocarbons, Particulates, PNA, S04, Oxygenates Emphasis was given to both laboratory and field methods for these species. Methods were evaluated on the basis of sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and reliability and a selected list of preferred methods was developed for each compound/ class. The selected methods were additionally evaluated through communication with current investigators. Sampling and analysis methods for all compounds except CO and CO2 were observed to have some unreliability. Recommendations were made for future research to develop, improve, and validate methods.

Jan 1, 1979

By Albert H. Fay

This glossary is publi~hed- by the Bureau of Mines as a contribution' to the mining literature in the belief that it will fill a long-felt need. It contains about 20,000 terms; these include both technical and purely local terms related to metal mining, coal mining, quarrying, petroleum, and natural gas, and metallurgical works; names of useful, important, and common minerals and rocks; an<lgeological terms. It presents in one comprehensive volume the available standard, technical terms relating to the mining and mineral industry, as well as provincialisms that have been or are now in use in English-speaking countries. The glossary also includes many terms relating to ceramics and the clay industry, glass making, foundry practice, railway and building construction, electrical installation and power-plant equipment, and chemical terms relating to metallurgical practice. Complete lists of terms for' each of these allied industries are beyond the scope of this glossary. Paleontological terms, although closely associated with geology, are far removed from mining and metallurgical operations, and for this reason have been omitted. In a compilation of this magnitude, it is difficult, within a reasonable time to verify all definitions as to the latest usage. Much verifying was done and it is hoped that the best and latest definitions have been used. Reference to the publications cited will enable the reader to determine approximately the period when the definition was used. Definitions in use by engineers of high national or international reputation are given first preference. When definitions from different sources are the same, credit is given to the earlier author as being the original or nearest to the original source. Immediately following each term the name of the locality wherein the word is presumed to have originated or is widely used is given, where such information is available. The name of the author or source from which the definition was obtained follows the definition, and serves as a key to the publications listed. The terms selected from the various glossaries and publications examined have been compared with the Webster,

Jan 1, 1920

By F. E. Diebold

The methodology for describing the geochemistry of elements in a coal seam have been developed. This has been applied to the Rosebud Coal Seam, which is an economically important member of the subbituminous coals of the Fort Union Formation in Eastern Montana. The method development has involved a detailed study of two popular techniques for determining the metal geochemistry of coal, namely, whole coal analyses and coal physical fractionation. The mathematically contrived element associations (whole coal analyses technique) and the element concentration trends in the float and sink fractions (physical fractionation technique) are considered to lead to only qualitative conclusions concerning the chemical associations of the elements in coals. Additionally, the processes taking place with the coal during low temperature ashing in an oxygen plasma are experimentally investigated and shown to be of sufficeint extent that the use of such low temperature ash for deciphering element geochemistry is questionable. The method developed in this study is a chemical fractionation that involves the sequential leaching of coal with water, 0.5 N HC1, 3 N HC1, 2 N HNO3, and 48% HF. These leach solutions are shown to selectively dissolve the predominate inorganic phases, sulfates, Ca and Mg carbonates, Fe sulfides and K alumino-silicates and quartz, respectively. These phases were identified with the use of XRD, SEM, EM and leaches (water and 0.3 N HC1) of whole coal and low temperature ash. The incorporation of the anion-exchange step in the leaching scheme was investigated and was observed to warrant further study of such intensity to be, at the time, unuseable. The use of this sequential leaching technique on several coal samples from the same seam generates element concentration trends that can be quantitatively interpreted with respect to the chemical associations of the minor and trace metals in the coal seam. The properties of the various seams of economic importance in the Fort Union Formation in Eastern Montana are compiled and presented. The subsequent conclusion is that there is not a large variation in the properties of these coal seams and that the variations within the Rosebud are within one order of magnitude. The chemical fractionation technique, investigated in this study, was applied to composite tipple samples of the Rosebud seam. Each composite sample represented 76,800 tons of coal. A minimum of 32% of the Ca and Mg are present as separate water soluble sulfates. An excess of the sulfate ion in the water extracts shows the predominating influence of the ion exchange capacity of the organic compounds in the coal. Based upon the CO content of the coal and the HC1 leachate data, 25 to 30% of the alkaline earth elements exist as separate carbonates and the remainder are associated with the organic compounds. The small fraction of the illite that dissolves in the HC1 and HNO3 leachates accounts for the K and Al. Slight dissolution of the pyrite in the HCl solvent occurs, the small amounts of Li and As do not relate to any known phase and Mn is present as a separate carbonate phase. Fe and a significant amount of the As exist in the pyrite that is dissolved in the HNO. Se is equally partitioned between the pyrite and the organic compound~. Most of the trace elements are found in the HF solutions. Li, V, and Cr were interpreted to be associated with the clay minerals (kaolinite and illite). Ni and Pb appear to be present as separate phases and 50% of the Hg is HF soluble but is not chemically related to any known inorganic phase.

Jan 1, 1983

By Albert L. Toenges

This paper is the fourth of a series5/ that describes some methods and practices of mining coal mechanically where operations are conducted on more than one shift. Many inquiries have been received regarding methods of extracting pillars with mechanized equipment, and this paper deals primarily with this phase of mechanical mining. Some of the questions that have been asked are:

Jan 1, 1942

By J. Adkins

This document presents a description of the results of a project aimed at producing a broad description of current mining training programs and an evaluation of their effectiveness with respect to reducing mine injuries. Aggregate training and injury data were used to evaluate the overall training effort at 300 mines as well as specific efforts in twelve categories of training course objectives. From such evaluations, recommendations were derived with particular emphasis being placed on identifying program characteristics that tend to be associated with effective training. Recommendations were also formulated with reference to role changes in industry and government interaction with respect to training programs, new or additional training programs, changes in the types of course materials and training methodologies, and recommendations concerning new areas for investigation.

Jan 1, 1976

By G. C. Price

This study traces the development of the bucket-wheel excavator, points out the differences in the German- and American-type wheels, and gives the major design criteria and the advantages and disadvantages of bucket-wheel operations. A computer program, written in FORTRAN IV for use with an IBM 360 computer, simulates the operation of the digging components of a bucket-wheel excavator. By supplying certain mining dimensions, soil characteristics, and machine design specifications, this program will print out a time study of the various components of an operation, power calculations for the operation, and production data. This program, when combined with a truck, belt, or rail program, should be helpful in planning a complete mining system In material suitable for a bucket-wheel excavator operation.

Jan 1, 1973

By O. H. Metzger

This is the second of two papers dealing with the construction and use of aerial tramways in the metal-mining industry. The first paper3/described aerial tramways in a general way and discussed the engineering principles used in tramway design. The purpose of this paper is to give a more detailed description of equipment and material rind to discuss construction and operating costs. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The paper is based largely on data from actual operations. Metal-mine operators from many parts of the United States, Canada, Alaska, and Mexico contributed liberally.

Jan 1, 1940

By C. Richard Groves

As the level of technology applied in the electrical measurement, control, and display portions of mine hoist systems continues to advance, the issues and concerns associated with the ramifications of the application of microprocessor technology on the safety-related aspects of these systems become paramount. This report, in part tutorial, addresses several aspects of these concerns. Beginning with discussions of microprocessor-based system architectures, the report addresses some existing and anticipated uses of this technology in mine hoist systems and discusses safety related considerations associated with the areas of data derivation; control and display panels; and system reliability issues. The report concludes with electrical maintenance and inspection considerations associated with the safety assurance of microprocessor based mine hoist systems.

Jan 1, 1986

Antitrust Investigation Dropped. - The Department of Justice announced that it was dropping its 5-year investigation of the aluminum industry. The investigation was over whether the aluminum companies were acting as if they were a shared monopoly. Deep Seabed Mining. - The Department of Commerce&apos;s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has established an Office of Ocean Minerals and Energy which will be responsible for implementing the Deep Seabed Nard Minerals and Energy Act and the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act. It will establish licensing and regulatory programs.

Jan 1, 1980

By R. S. Dean

This report, the second of a series of annual reports of the Metallurgical Division to be released in this form covers the fiscal year July 1, 1935, to June 30, 1936. The technological work of the division is performed by sections. Thus, an efficient organization is provided to prosecute the various problems under investigation, and a logical system is set up for presenting the material contained in this report.

Jan 1, 1937

By Andrew Stewart

The author desires to express appreciation to R. A. Cattell, C. T. Seibel, and H. S. Kennedy, of this Bureau, and to Dr. Richard Wiebe of the fixed nitrogen research laboratory, Department of Agriculture, for helpful criticism and comments in the preparation of this paper. More especially thanks are due to A A. Cattell for his many valuable constructive suggestions. INTRODUCTION From time to time, the Bureau of Mines receives inquiries from the non-technical public on the subject of helium. People ask for information concerning its properties; they want to learn Whence it is derived, how it is produced, and to what uses it may be put. In consequence, the following paper has been written to give in simple terms an account of this most remarkable of gases. It has been thought desirable for purposes of analogy to include reference to All the members of the group of elements to which helium belongs, and, incidentally, to embody in the narrative certain other information pertinent to the subject.

Jan 1, 1933