Search Documents

By Malcolm Black

Introduction Before beginning to write this paper, I decided that I should first find suitable definitions of the words Sample and Sampling. The dictionary gives: "Sample.-A portion indicative of the whole"; and according to Baillie (1), sampling is "That process whereby a representative and comparatively small portion of material is selected from a large bulk, and preserved under such conditions as shall prevent contamination or avoidable alteration, with a view to the formation of valid conclusions regarding the suitability of the bulk for specified purposes". These comprehensive definitions are alike in substance, and indicate that unless a truly representative portion is taken, it is not a sample. Ore 'as mined' generally varies a good deal in composition, and, in crushing, segregation takes place. Some of the minerals present, due to differences in hardness and friability, break into smaller pieces than others, and, on reaching the bin, the coarse particles roll away, leaving the fines behind. The result of this segregation is generally quite noticeable on the conveyor feeding the mill, especially when the bin is nearly empty and the crushing plant shut down. Should the sampling period synchronize with either the coarse or the fines, the sample obviously would not be representative. I agree that this is rather far fetched, but I maintain that such a condition is possible. Assuming that a representative sample may be procured from the feed conveyor, the method of cutting it down for assay has considerable influence in maintaining the original condition of the sample. The finer the material is ground after each cut, the more uniform the sample will remain. To illustrate this point, let us take a quantity of fine sand and add, say, three grains of rice to represent metallic particles. We may mix this sample by any of the known methods, then cut it into four equal portions. It is obvious that at least one of the portions will be without a rice grain. But let us grind the three grains of rice into flour and proceed as before. Now there will be a much greater chance of including some of the rice in each portion.

Jan 1, 1935

By Donald F. MacDonald

THE cement plant nearest to Nova Scotia is not far from Montreal. Cement is a heavy product which, because of its relatively low value, cannot stand a high freight charge without unduly enhancing its cost. This is one reason why cement costs are high in Nova Scotia. The regular retail price per bag (8772 lb.) in Antigonish is 85 cents, which would be $3.40 per Canadian barrel of 350 pounds, or $3.65 per American barrel of 376 pounds.It is said that the lowest wholesale price in Halifax is 65 cents per sack, which would be $2.60 per Canadian barrel or about $2.80 per American barrel. According to U.S. Bureau of Mines statistics, the average factory price for cement in 1937 was $1.48 per American barrel, which is practically the same as the value per barrel indicated in Dominion statistics for the Canadian output during that year. The difference between $3.40 and $1.48 is $1.92. It is evident that the average user of cement in the Mari-times pays a stiff premium because Maritime cement raw materials have not been developed. Rock-wool, the manufacture of which is rapidly increasing in Ontario and the United States, is much needed for building insulation in the cold climate of Nova Scotia.

Jan 1, 1939

By W. E. Armstrong

Gypsum was first exploited as ?a commercial proposition in this province by the Union Mining Company which, in 1900 opened quarries on the east shore of Lake Manitoba, near the present site of Gypsumville. This company established a mill at the head of Portage Bay on the lake, and the manufactured plaster was carried by the companies boats to McArthur's siding on the Whitemouth river near Westbourne, Man., from which point it was distributed. In 1904 a reorganization took place and the Manitoba Gypsum Company Limited bought out the original company, and operated the original mill for about one year when it was destroyed by fire. There were many factors which rendered the operation of a mill at the quarries very difficult; lack of rail transportation for bringing in supplies, and the impossibility of local power development made manufacturing costs very high. Satisfactory distribution could not be affected because of water transportation and poor terminal facilities at McArthur's siding. For these reasons the new mill was built at Winnipeg, where cheaper power and better distributing facilities permitted the industry being placed in a better position. The company continued to bring the gypsum rock by steamer to Totogan, from which point it was transported by rail to Winnipeg. This period was one of steady expansion as the product became better known and more universally accepted as a wall finishing material. Unfortunately, in 1909, this new mill was destroyed by fire, causing a serious set-back to the company, at a time when the steady growth of the western market gave every promise of the industry being placed on a profitable basis.

Jan 1, 1925

By Deborah A. McCombe

"One of the cornerstones of NI43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects is the technical report. The purpose of the report is to provide a summary of the scientific and technical information concerning mineral exploration, development, and production activities on a mineral property that is material to an issuer. The reports must be prepared in accordance with NI43101 and Form 43-101F1 Technical Report and the information must be current as of the date of the filing of the technical report. As these reports provide important information to the investing public, qualified persons preparing these reports should, as much as possible, write in plain, simple language that can be easily read and understood by people who are not geoscientists or engineers. So let’s review some of the common deficiencies with technical reports. Non-current technical report Some of the factors you should consider when determining if your previously filed technical report is still current are as follows: •,Is there new technical information on the property, such as drilling, assays, metallurgical testwork? •,Have you made changes to key assumptions, parameters relating to mineral resources or mineral reserves, or economic analysis? If you have completed the previously recommended work, are your recommendations still current? Similarly, are your report recommendations consistent with what you are telling your shareholders or disclosing in the use of proceeds in your offering documents? For example, if the recommendations in the report consist of further exploration and metallurgical test-work prior to completing a preliminary feasibility study and you have completed the proposed work and are now raising money for a final feasibility study, the report is probably not current."

Jan 1, 2003

By V. Gaudreault

Rio Tinto Alcan (RTA) has three smelters that use the Alcoa P155 technology: two in Canada (Grande-Baie and Laterrière, Saguenay, QC) and one in the United States (Sebree, Kentucky). The oldest RTA P155 smelter was built in the 1970s (Sebree) and had an initial current intensity of 155 kA. In the 1990s, RTA installed an amperage booster in Grande-Baie smelter to increase cell productivity. Since then, RTA has continuously pushed the limit of this technology and the target amperage that was 195 kA in 2005 has been increased to 210 kA in 2010.This article describes the successful plant-scale trials to increase current intensity from 195 kA to 210 kA, and the key performance indicator results. It demonstrates RTA's technology leadership to undertake such a development with its Brownfield smelters.

Jan 1, 2011

By A. McLean, Q. R. Yang, Y. D. Yang, G. F. Zhang, P. Wu

A considerable amount of waste slag from the pyrite roasting process is discharged every year. Recovery of iron from the waste slag is of great interest for comprehensive use of mineral resource, reduction of environment impact and improvement of economical benefit to related companies. The objectives of the present work are focused on: (1) Compare various procedures for recovery of iron from the waste slag and select a best procedure for industrial trial which is roasting of the waste slag under reducing condition followed by magnetic separation; (2) Investigate the optimum conditions for maximum recovery of iron from the waste slag. The experimental result shows that under the treatment condition found in this work about 36 to 40% of the iron oxide was recovered from the waste slag, where the iron content in the concentrate is 57%. The total recovery ratio of iron, up to 70%, from the waste slag was achieved. After the treatment, sulphur content in the waste slag was reduced significantly and gangue materials, such as SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2, were reduced effectively.

Jan 1, 2011

By R. Lodha, C. Oprea, G. Oprea, H. Zargar, T. Troczynski

"The basic refractories used in non-ferrous industry contain chrome ore for improving the thermal shock resistance, thus reducing the penetration of molten metal and fayalite-type slags into the lining. The current study aims to replace chrome ore with Me4+ ions along with Fe3+ ions in order to form MgO-Al2O3- FeOx-Me4+O2 based complex spinel systems that could perform similar to the complex chromia-bearing spinel in the magnesia-chrome refractories. This system allows for lower temperatures of synthesis and sintering. In our study, compositions with 60% MgO were fired below 1500°C and resulted in complete formation of complex spinel, and open porosity less than 5%. The in-situ formation of the complex spinel from the fine mix of oxides in the MgO-Al2O3-FeOx-Me4+O2 system offers a suitable alternative of binding system to produce basic refractories at lower temperatures and of similar physical and mechanical properties with magnesia-chrome bricks fired above 1750ºC. INTRODUCTIONThe synthesis of magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) (Maschio, Fabbri, & Fiori, 1988) or magnesium chromate spinel (MgCr2O4) from their respective oxides is diffusion controlled resulting in a sluggish reaction even at high temperatures. For instance, the diffusion of Mg2+ and Al3+ ions in the intermediate spinel layer during reaction is slower than the diffusion of Mg2+ in corundum and Al3+ in periclase. The interfacial layer of spinel formed during the reaction increases the diffusion path for the spinel forming cations. This accompanied by ~8% volume expansion retards further reaction resulting in incomplete spinel forming reaction during sintering and hence densification during the reaction cannot be achieved. In order to assess sintering studies with fine particulate oxides that would result in a lower diffusion path, a mechanical mixture of the hydroxides of aluminium and magnesium calcined at 1400ºC to 1600ºC for 1 hour does not result in complete spinel formation (Sarkar, Das, & Banerjee, 2003), which indicates that reaction sintering of stoichiometric magnesium aluminate spinel is retarded by initial reaction forming the interfacial spinel layer. The basic bricks used as linings in non-ferrous pyro-metallurgical convertors are manufactured using magnesia and chrome ore, the sintering of which produce spinel solid solution. This solid solution is a mix of both normal and inverse spinel structures that sinters at temperatures in excess of 1800ºC in air."

Jan 1, 2012

By Mark W. Masson, David B. Stevenson, David W. Broughton, Douglas R. Cruji, Steven E. Parry

"Abstract-The Amalgamated Kirkland gold deposit is located at Kirkland Lake, Ontario, within the Archean Abitibi Greenstone belt of the Canadian Shield. It lies on a fault or "break", termed the Cyprus Break, which is a splay off a regional structure termed the Cyprus-Battle Mountain Break. The Cyprus Break merges with the Cyprus - Battle Mountain Break above the -250 m level, as it was not encountered in shallow drilling or surface exploration. These structures lie 1.5 km south of the 727 000 kg (23 million ounce) Kirkland Lake Main Break and 0.5 km north of the 872 000 kg (30 million ounce) Larder Lake Break.The deposit is hosted by alkalic Timiskaming Group volcanic and sedimentary rocks which are overthrust by older Larder Lake Group tholeiitic and komatiitic flows along the Larder Lake Break. Timiskaming syenitic intrusives, similar to the host rocks for the Kirkland Lake Main Break gold deposit, intrude both suites.The Amalgamated Kirkland deposit consists of lode-style gold mineralization which is mainly hosted by altered and pyritized Timiskaming trachytic volcanics which wedge out or thin at depth, between two sedimentary units. The intersection of the Cyprus - Battle Mountain and Cyprus Breaks, in conjunction with the westward plunge of the volcanic wedge, appears to control the westerly plunge of the Amalgamated Kirkland deposit at approximately 50º.Mineralization is characterized by blue-gray brecciated and "wormy" quartz-ankerite veins which contain up to 10% fine-grained pyrite and, in decreasing order of abundance, minor galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, molybdenite and visible gold. The sulfides and gold commonly occur along fractures and wallrock inclusions within the veins. Native gold occurs as fine pinpoints distributed in 1-mm to 5-mm size clusters of up to ten or more grains.The auriferous veins occur within a quartz-ankerite-sericite-pyrite alteration assemblage which is enveloped by a broader zone of ankerite-sericite±hematite±quartz-pyrite alteration up to 60 m wide. This latter assemblage overprints the regional greenschist-facies chlorite-calcite assemblage.The Amalgamated Kirkland property has had a long history of exploration activity beginning with the first discovery of mineralization in 1911 on the Hunton Shaft claim located in the northeast corner of the property. Since that time various prospecting, mapping, trenching, geophysical surveys and diamond drilling programs have concentrated on either carbonate zones along the Larder Lake Break or quartz veins along the northern side of the property in association with complex trachyte flows and syenite dikes.Battle Mountain Canada Inc. located the Cyprus - Battle Mountain Break through a prospecting, trenching and geophysical program in 1989. Drilling by Battle Mountain and Cyprus Canada under the surface showing, coupled with several revisions to the structural interpretation of the Cyprus - Battle Mountain and Cyprus Breaks, resulted in delineation of the Amalgamated Kirkland deposit. Location of an auriferous structure through basic surface exploration within 1 km of a world-class orebody demonstrates both the subtle nature of Archean gold deposits and the potential for finding new mineralization in heavily prospected camps."

Jan 1, 1995

By Mark W. Masson, David B. Stevenson, David W. Broughton, Douglas R. Cruji, Steven E. Parry

"The Amalgamated Kirkland gold deposit is located at Kirkland Lake, Ontario, within the Archean Abitibi Greenstone belt of the Canadian Shield. It lies on a fault or “break”, termed the Cyprus Break, which is a splay off a regional structure termed the Cyprus-Battle Mountain Break. The Cyprus Break merges with the Cyprus – Battle Mountain Break above the -250 m level, as it was not encountered in shallow drilling or surface exploration. These structures lie 1.5 km south of the 727 000 kg (23 million ounce) Kirkland Lake Main Break and 0.5 km north of the 872 000 kg(30 million ounce) Larder Lake Break.The deposit is hosted by alkalic Timiskaming Group volcanic and sedimentary rocks which are overthrust by older Larder Lake Group tholeiitic and komatiitic fows along the Larder Lake Break. Timiskaming syenitic intrusives, similar to the host rocks for the Kirkland Lake Main Break gold deposit, intrude both suites.The Amalgamated Kirkland deposit consists of lode-style gold mineralization which is mainly hosted by altered and pyritized Timiskaming trachytic volcanics which wedge out or thin at depth, between two sedimentary units. The intersection of the Cyprus – Battle Mountain and Cyprus Breaks, in conjunction with the westward plunge of the volcanic wedge, appears to control the westerly plunge of the Amalgamated Kirkland deposit at approximately 50º.Mineralization is characterized by blue-gray brecciated and “wormy” quartz-ankerite veinswhich contain up to 10% fne-grained pyrite and, in decreasing order of abundance, minor galena,chalcopyrite, sphalerite, molybdenite and visible gold. The sulfdes and gold commonly occur alongfractures and wallrock inclusions within the veins. Native gold occurs as fne pinpoints distributed in 1-mm to 5-mm size clusters of up to ten or more grains.The auriferous veins occur within a quartz-ankerite-sericite-pyrite alteration assemblage which is enveloped by a broader zone of ankerite-sericite±hematite±quartz-pyrite alteration up to 60 m wide. This latter assemblage overprints the regional greenschist-facies chlorite-calcite assemblage.The Amalgamated Kirkland property has had a long history of exploration activity beginning with the first discovery of mineralization in 1911 on the Hunton Shaft claim located in the northeast corner of the property. Since that time various prospecting, mapping, trenching, geophysical surveys and diamond drilling programs have concentrated on either carbonate zones along the Larder Lake Break or quartz veins along the northern side of the property in association with complex trachyte flows and syenite dikes.Battle Mountain Canada Inc. located the Cyprus – Battle Mountain Break through a prospecting, trenching and geophysical program in 1989. Drilling by Battle Mountain and Cyprus Canada under the surface showing, coupled with several revisions to the structural interpretation of the Cyprus –Battle Mountain and Cyprus Breaks, resulted in delineation of the Amalgamated Kirkland deposit. Location of an auriferous structure through basic surface exploration within 1 km of a world-class orebody demonstrates both the subtle nature of Archean gold deposits and the potential for finding new mineralization in heavily prospected camps."

Jan 1, 1995

By K. Svens, M. Lahtinen, L. Lehtinen

"Outotec's direct leaching process is an atmospheric leaching process for sulphidiczinc concentrates. The direct leaching process, based on special leaching reactors developed by Outokumpu and leaching know-how, is the most economical way to produce electrolytic zinc. The newest industrial-scale application of Outotec's direct leaching process will be started up in 2008 in China at Zhuzhou smelter. The process isintegrated to the existing production plant, replacing part of the old production facilities by modern technology and increasing the production capacity significantly. The process equipment supplied by Outotec includes also tailor-made reactors designed on the basisof the work and experience of Outotec Research Centre."

Jan 1, 2008

By Jozef S. Stachula

"INCO Limited operates eleven under-ground mines in the Sudbury area. The mines are located on the rim of the Sudbury Basin, an oval with the axis in the range of 27 km and 60 km. The ore dips to at least 3000 m below surface. The ores are mined primarily for nickel and copper. Total ore production from underground is in excess of 55 000tonnes per day.Over 40 surface fans have been installed since the late 1960s. All of the fans are adjustable pitch, axial flow units. A major factor influencing ventilation design in the last 30years has been the introduction of diesel equipment underground. Volumes per fan have ranged from 60 m3/sec. to 330 m3/sec., with motors from 100 hp to 2500 hp.Fans of the axial flow type have been commonly used for main fan installations at Canadian mines for many years. The standard arrangement has been to mount these fans horizontally, i.e. with the fan shaft and the long axis of the housing horizontal. This is a natural arrangement for an underground fan, but for a surface installation, a vertically mounted fan has definite advantages.The surface area taken up by a typical vertical fan installation is generally about one quarter that of a horizontal fan of the same capacity (Rutherford, 1957). This is not a problem with isolated fans and fat surface out crop sites, but where the installation is to be near existing buildings, or where there are poor surface soil conditions, space and cost considerations greatly flavour vertical fans."

Jan 1, 1996

By Seungyeol Lee

Currently, a new construction method using a robotic system is widely spreading in construction sites. This study is related to the design of glazing robot?s teach pendant which can improve convenience of handling and hence improve the productivity through the efficient interaction between an operator and a robot while doing glazing works, e.g., curtain wall installing. The suitability of selection and arrangement of control switches was assessed according to mechanical motions of a glazing robot, and design guidelines for improving convenience and productivity were drawn up through questionnaires carried out by site operators. To verify the proposed design guidelines, working time comparison of the proposed teach pendant and the existing teach pendant was executed.

Aug 1, 2013

By O. Lundhede

Today, systems and machinery usually are designed to meet only one specific customer?s requirements. One reason for this is that underground automation and smart functions are often developed tightly together with a customer. This is natural, since risk and cost can be shared between the customer and the supplier. Nevertheless, when the automation product develops and the market increase this will cause problems: The highly specialized products will not fulfill the next customer?s demands. In order to cope with this problem, Atlas Copco works towards a common platform. Instead of designing solutions for specific customers, we will lift the abstraction and focus on standardized modules. These modules, or function blocks, can then be combined in a large variety of configurations. The benefits of combining modules into products are, for example: increased flexibility when options are available for many machines; easier commissioning and maintenance since less different spare parts and tools are needed; and easier operation since the user interfaces have a similar look and feel. This paper will present the ongoing work towards standardized modules. We will discuss how our Rig Control System (RCS) allows for modular design at Atlas Copco. RCS has number of standardized modules that are used in different surface and underground mining and tunneling equipment. These modules are also used for optional products such as, drilling, radio-remote control, and telematics systems.

Aug 1, 2013

By A. E. Lehmberg

"IT IS KNOWN that some ores of sulphide type, such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, and bornite have an electrical conductivity comparable to that of metals, and accordingly much higher than the conductivity of any unmineralized rock. This physical property has long been used for the detection of orebodies of this kind by means of electrical measurements made at the surface of the ground.The present paper will deal with a new electromagnetic instrument for the investigation of subsurface conductors, which has been recently introduced into field practice and has already led to successful results in Canada.The principle of the instrument will be described. How it operates, and how the observations made can be interpreted will be explained. Field examples will •be shown to illustrate its application.Description of Instrument and of Operating TechniqueThe equipment (1) includes a low-frequency alternating current generator. The a.c. is supplied to a transmitter coil and generates a primary field which induces eddy currents in the ground, the intensity of which is proportional to the ground conductivity."

Jan 1, 1952

By A. S. Dawson

"IntroductionTHE PURPOSE of this paper is to describe the results of a preliminary investigation of a method thought to be useful in interpreting geological structures in un-metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. The writer is not aware of the method having been described or investigated previously, although no thorough search of the literature has been made.The method to •be described is based on the assumption that, in argillaceous sedimentary rocks, certain ceramic properties are diagnostic for certain beds within areas of variable limits.Two ceramic properties• have been investigated: pyrometric cone equivalent (P.C.E.), and bloating characteristics of shales. The enquiry has been directed toward testing the usefulness of these properties in determining the following:A -The correlation of shale beds and, by inference, of coal seams, sandstone beds, or other such structures associated with them.B.-The location of contacts between marine and non-marine shales where lithological, palaeontological, or other evidence is lacking.Limitations of time and facilities have prevented a thorough investigation of this problem. The results given in the present paper are preliminary only. It is hoped, however, that they will occasion discussion or even lead to more thorough investigation of the method by individuals or organizations.There are, admittedly, various limitations to the proposed method. It is thought to show some promise when used in conjunction with the well-known and established methods used in stratigraphic correlation and, more particularly, when the conventional methods are not applicable."

Jan 1, 1952

By L. Tikasz

The primary purpose of ore hauling model studies is to capture the variability of the ore delivery ? stockpiling process in order to improve the estimation of equipment capacities and achievable throughputs. The operation of a mine-to-site ore delivery system is the subject of a number of challenges. Typically, ore is hauled by a given combination of trucks, conveyors and trains. In addition, ore loading, ore transferring to another means of delivery, stockpiling, reclaiming, and further deliveries involve many other types of equipment. The concurrent operation of all these units is scheduled; nevertheless, they are subject to planned maintenance and random breakdowns. To support our engineering design work on ore hauling operation, discrete event type models were built for each specific task. Then, due to recurring demands, an ore hauling library was gradually compiled. The now available model library allows fast and efficient simulation of various mine-to-site hauling arrangement, adaptable to various mining and mine construction operations (e.g. bauxite, iron ore, copper ore and coal).

Aug 1, 2013

By M. Matthias

A study, part of a doctoral dissertation (Matthias, 1991), was conducted during 1987 and 1988 to establish the means by which professionals assess and maintain their competence during the various stages of their careers. The study elicited responses from fifty-nine subjects representing engineering, pharmacy and medicine (twenty subjects from engineering, nineteen from pharmacy and twenty from medicine) on their perception and assessment of continuing competence. The findings revealed a wide variation of how professionals perceived their continuing competence and the means they adopted to keep current. The implications of the study are significant for adult education practice and theory building. The author strongly believes that now, more than ever, engineers must take ownership of their careers and professional development activities. While management and supervision have a key role to play, it is the engineer, who is ultimately responsible for the scope, planning and implementation of her/ his professional development needs. An example from one high technology company will illustrate these points.

Jan 1, 1999

By Yulin Zhou, WenFeng Li, Wen Chen

"In this article, with the help of the X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), a modern test method, all the characteristics of the chlorite,and adsorption collector A6 on the surface of chlorite have been studied. There exist abundant carboxylic C-O and C=O structures in the Carbon XPS atlas with strong adhesive ability after the reaction between new collector A6 and chlorite, which indicates that the ring structure and ether-base functional groups can strengthen the reaction between collector A6 molecule and chlorite surface. The results of XPS analysis indicate that the photoelectron spectroscopy peaks of Mg2p and Al2p moved towards low energy after collector A6 absorbed on chlorite surface, which indicates that chemical bonding through electron cloud transfer happened between collector A6 and Mg, Al ions of chlorite surface. The chemical reaction promoted the adsorption of A6 on chlorite surface and eventually improved the ability of A6 to float and collect chlorite.INTRODUCTIONThere are a large amount of iron-bearing silicate minerals such as chlorite in different types of gangue minerals in iron ore from different areas besides quartz (Yingyong et al, 2012; Qiang et al, 2009). There always exist Mg2+, Al3+ Fe3+ and other metallic ions due the isomorphic replacement among the irons of this kind of minerals. The dissolution often occurs on the surface of minerals with abundant metallic ions during grinding process, and some ions are exposed on the surface, such as Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Si4+, which can increase the surface electrical behaviour of iron-bearing silicate minerals (Wanzhong & Chuanyao, 2002; Yuping et al., 2007), making it easy for the surface to react preferentially with the depressants such as causticizing starch which making it impossible for the surface to reach with conventional anionic fatty acid collector (Mowla et al, 2008). Thus, the beneficiation efficiency is dramatically decreased and the improvement of concentrate grade becomes very difficult. The conventional aliphatic acid collector has some defects such as poor selectivity, poor low temperature resistance, sensitive to water hardness, etc. Thus, the addition of synergist (Liu, & Yu, 2015) or other compound reagents (Zhou et al, 2015) can promote the adsorption of reagents to mineral surface, and improve the collecting capacity and selectivity of aliphatic acid collector to minerals. The addition of polar group to nonpolar group in aliphatic acid can improve the water solubility, dispensability and hard water resistance (Tian et al, 2013). The nitrogen atoms in amid ate aliphatic acid collector can adsorb on mineral surface by itself and supply coordinate electron which can form chelating keys to improve the collecting capacity of collector. There exist coordinate electron in oxygen atoms of ether acid collector, which, along with the oxygen on carboxyl compose chelate with metal (Luo et al, 2015). There are also exist some opinions that the ether acid can arrange into similar crown ether structure which can absorb on mineral surface. A new alicyclic unsaturated ether acid compounds collector A6 is adopted in this paper, the structural formula is listed in Figure 1. The A6 has a strong collecting ability to chlorite with strong water solubility and low temperature resistance."

Jan 1, 2016

By J. S. De Lury

The metalliferous areas of Manitoba have been described in more or less detail. Since the descriptions were written some new prospects have come to light and considerable mining development has taken place in two or three localities. No attempt will be made in this paper to give an account of recent activities or to describe the several areas in detail. In a general way, geological conditions are similar in all metalliferous areas of the province, a similarity that invites a discussion of the prospects as a whole, the features that are common to all deposits and the reasons for their uniformity. Modern theories of metallogenesis have a direct bearing on such a discussion and an effort will be made to show their application.

Jan 1, 1925

By O. B. Horne, R. O. Morgan, C. E. Anderson

"Air-photo interpretation and photogrammetry are two of the most effective and versatile tools available to the petroleum industry. The techniques have proven successful in providing solutions to many of the problems encountered in the design and construction of oilfield projects.Although most technical personnel are aware that air-photo interpretation and photogrammetry are useful in the selection of routes for roads and pipelines, few realize the true scope of the techniques or the wide variety of areas in which they are applicable.This paper briefly describes the principles involved, and reviews a number of typical applications of particular interest to petroleum companies. Excessive detail is avoided, rather the emphasis is placed upon the wide spectrum of possible applications. It is stressed that on-the-ground examination generally is a necessary adjunct, and that there are certain limitations to the techniques discussed.Properly applied, however, air-photo interpretation and photogrammetry can offer significant advantages in terms of time, flexibility, secrecy and economy."

Jan 1, 1968