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The following list contains the names of members whose death notices have been printed in MINING AND METALLURGY from March 15, 1947 through March 15, 1948 Biographical sketches published in MINING AND METALLURGY are indicated in the last two columns Year of Election - Name - Date of Death - Issue Containing Biography - Page 1938 ABERNATHY, G E , (M) Feb 6, 1948 April 1948 266 1935 ARCHER, M T, (M) Oct 26, 1947 Dec 1947 633 1947 ATIKINSON, JAMES E, (S) Feb 6, 1948 June 1947 309 1940 AYRES, VINCENT L, (M) Oct 14, 1947 Jan 1948 59 1915 BABCOCK, JAMES E , (M) April 1, 1947 June 1947 309 1942 BAGGALEY, WILLIAM BLAIR, (A) Aug 28, 1947 Jan 1948 59 1897 BUIN, II POSTER, (M) Mar 9, 1948 April 1948 219 1945 BAMPFIELD, A E (M) Unknown Mar 1948 215

Jan 1, 1952

THREE regional meetings are planned for this summer and fall following the spring meeting held under the auspices of the Iron and Steel Committee and the Ohio Section at Cleveland in April and in lieu of a general fall meeting of the Institute. Plans for all of them are maturing rapidly. Excellent programs and. interesting visits to points of local tech¬nical interest are already assured. THE SALT LAKE CITY MEETING This meeting will be under the auspices of the Milling Committee and the Utah Section. It will be one of the features of the joint convention held the week of August 22 to 26 with the Western Division of the American Mining Congress. The Congress will be responsible for the general arrangements and for the program on the first day. The following general committees have been appointed:

Jan 7, 1927

By Robert R. Walden, LaMont West

KENTUCKY'S first acid-grade fluorspar flotation mill, shown in Fig. 1, was placed in operation Aug. 1, 1952, by the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co. at Mexico, Ky. During 1951 a critical shortage of acid-grade fluorspar developed and it became necessary for the company to produce part of its fluorspar requirements. In 1951 the company purchased the Crider and Lennen metallurgical fluorspar mill and an adjacent stockpile of tailing at Mexico, Ky. The tailing, assaying about 26 pct calcium fluoride, originated from log washer and jig mill concentrators in the area. As the mill did not have a fluorspar dryer or convenient rail facilities, the company leased the Burleson concentrator at Marion, Ky., where these facilities were available. At Marion, Ky., on the Illinois Central Railroad, dry acid-grade fluorspar is transported direct to the company's Calvert City, Ky., hydrofluoric acid plant.

Jan 5, 1954

By J. L. Humphrey

The origin of roof bolting is obscure, but is believed to have begun some 40 years ago in the mines of St. Joseph Lead Co. in southern Missouri. It was not until after World War II, and more particularly after 1949, as a result of the concentrated effort of the USBM, that roof bolting attracted widespread interest. It is estimated that at the end of 1954, 26 pct of all bituminous coal mining in the U. S. was being done under roof bolts. Those mines alone use nearly 2,000,000 roof bolts per month, according to USBM statistics. Uses in metal mines are increasing rapidly, as confidence and knowledge grow. The application has found equal success in other fields, such as tunneling work for dam and waterway construction and right of way maintenance on highways and railroads.

May 1, 1956

By W. P. Barba

IN THE early summer of 1917, it became evident that the then existing sources of supply of guns and gun forgings were totally inadequate for the enormous and rapidly growing requirements of the Ordnance Department of the Army, so arrangements were made with sixteen makers of other products to take up the manufacture of guns and gun forgings. Nine of these makers were required to produce their own steel from the raw materials and convert it into rough machined gun forgings; the others finished and assembled these forgings into completed guns. In December, 1914, four of these makers of steel and rough gun forgings were instructed to manufacture the same amount of the 6-in. and 9.5-in. guns and howitzers. It, therefore, seemed practical .and profitable to assemble these makers into a small group, together with the officers of the Ordnance Department, and provide standard 'equipment in each of the four works for the production of these two types of guns. The advantages of this cooperation were immediately manifested, and there commenced an interchange of shop practice and a free discussion of facilities and methods that covered not only the equipment but the manufacturing processes.

Jan 1, 1920

Jan 1, 1966

By Raymond E. Birch, Oscar M. Wicken

THE mineral magnesite, formerly the source of nearly all magnesia, now shares this role with brucite, dolomite, and the world's natural and artificial brines. The mineral magnesite is the normal carbonate of magnesium, MgCO3, composed when pure of 47.6 pct MgO and 52.4 pct CO2. It is one of the calcite (CaCO3) group of rhombohedra1 car- bonates, which also includes dolomite, CaCO3.MgCO3, and siderite, FeCO3. Magnesite does not form an isomorphous series with calcite or dolomite; consequently, these lime-bearing carbonates commonly present in magnesite deposits are there only as mechanical mixtures. Magnesite and iron carbonates form a continuous isomorphous series and therefore are inseparable mechanically. The variety of magnesite known as breunnerite is an isomorphous mixture of iron and magnesium carbonates. Magnesite may be either crystalline or amorphous (cryptocrystalline). The former, which includes breunnerite, is often termed spathic magnesite. Crystalline magnesite varies from finely to coarsely crystal- line in texture and has a hardness of 3.5 to 4. The color is white, yellowish, blue-gray to drab, red, pink, black, or mottled. It is seldom found pure but usually contains variable amounts of iron, lime, silica, and sometimes manganese. The color cannot be used as an index of purity. The cryptocrystalline variety is perhaps the more common type but the crystalline variety usually occurs in larger deposits. The amorphous type is fine grained and compact, showing no cleavage. It is usually snow white but sometimes is light to pale orange yellow or buff, owing to impurities. The fracture is conchoidal to uneven and the hardness 3.5 to 5. Silica may be present as inclusions of serpentine, quartz, chalcedony, or other minerals. The lime and iron contents are usually low. In general, amorphous magnesite is somewhat purer than the crystalline variety. The specific gravity of cryptocrystalline magnesite is 2.90 to 3.00. Pure crystalline magnesite has shown a specific gravity of 3.02 but iron

Jan 1, 1949

By Sydney H., Ball

ONE of the important mineral discoveries of the eighteenth century was , that of the Minas Geraes, Brazil; diamond fields. The production of this and of .other diamond discoveries in neighboring states made Brazil the premier producer of diamonds, succeeding India; its 140 years of supremacy finally passed to- South Africa- 60 years ago. Three times have diamonds contributed heavily to Portugal's somewhat checkered financial history; first in the sixteenth and seventeenth- centuries when the diamond trade of India was controlled by its citizens residing in ,Goa, later in the late eighteenth and the first 75 years of the nineteenth century when the Brazilian fields were the world's source of diamonds, and now, when the Angola diamond mines are the principal source of revenue of its colony, Portuguese West Africa. Certain phases in the history of the administration of the Brazilian field are sufficiently curious to warrant description.

Jan 1, 1929

By Douglas Bunting

(Wilkes-Barre Meeting, June, 1911.) WITH the gradual exhaustion of the upper veins in the anthracite coal-fields, the problem of mining at greater depths acquires increasing importance and demands the consideration of a number of important factors, one of which is the greater earth-pressure and the consequent necessity of stronger support o for the roof. Under the pillar-and-chamber system, almost exclusively followed in the Northern anthracite-field, the highest economy in mining is generally secured by leaving, on first mining, pillars only sufficient to support safely the overlying strata. As to the necessary size of such pillars, the opinions of mining experts are widely divergent. In establishing the width of chambers and pillars, the thickness of vein and its depth below the surface have received little consideration. For. instance, it has been quite usual to work both overlying and underlying veins with the same width of chambers and pillars, when the lower vein was two and one-half times as thick, and twice as fits below the surface, as the upper. In view of the generally-accepted theory that the crushing-strength of coal-pillars of the same base-area becomes less with increased height, it is probable, in this instance at least, that the most economical mining has not been secured. This question of adequate pillar-support is economically less important down to about 800 ft. than at greater depths; and it is with reference to mining at these greater depths that the study of the subject here presented has been prompted. The necessity of leaving larger pillars, involving greater mining-costs per ton and also smaller yields per acre, is one of the troubles of deep working. To mine without leaving adequate pillar-supports will result, sooner or later, in a squeeze. Limited areas, it is true, have been mined at certain widths of

Sep 1, 1911

By Jay F. Smith

The Alan Wood BOF Shop consists of two 140 ton furnaces with a rated yearly capacity of 1-1/4 million ingot tons, he hot metal for the BOF Shop is supplied by two 18 foot blast furnaces which produce an average of 2000 tons per day, To achieve the rated ingot ton capacity with this limited supply of hot metal, the preheating of scrap is necessary. This is accomplished in the furnace by using an oxygen-natural gas burner. Piping Arrangement The natural gas and oxygen are piped into the Shop through 8-inch lines to their respective valving stations. As can be seen from Figure 1, the flow of natural gas passes through a flow control valve which is common to both furnaces, after which it divides into two 6-inch lines forming two identical and independent gas control lines, one for each furnace.

Jan 1, 1972

By AIME AIME

FEATURES of the second fall meeting of the Petroleum Division for 1941, held at the Ambassador Hotel, Los Angeles, Oct. 29-30, were the forum on the Paloma Plan on Thursday after- noon, the large attendance from east of the Rockies, and the dinner on Wednesday evening sponsored by the Southern California Section and at which President Suman spoke on the strategic minerals and metals situation. The attendance was large and the technical fare uniformly good ; the presiding officers had the proceedings well in hand at all times and kept things humming. Some- times it was necessary to taper off the discussion because of pressure on time. All this was due to careful groundwork before the respective sessions. These presiding officers deserve citation: L. W. Huebel, Howard Pyle, E. K. Parks, Carlton Beal, E. G. Trostel. R. W. French, Jr., John Dodge, and H. N. Marsh. The Los Angeles local commit- tees and the Southern California Section deserve much credit for the arrangements, which were recognized by suitable resolutions at the end of the meeting.

Jan 1, 1941

By AIME AIME

THIS year the Chairman of the Institute's Iron and Steel Division is THIS William Anderson Haven, better known to the membership generally as Bill Haven. The Division Chairman is an individual endowed with a broad perspective of the ferrous metal industry he result of his earlier experiences as a successful operating man in the working and management of blast furnaces and his later experiences as an engineering-consulting executive concerned with the design and erection of and steel works throughout the world. William A. Haven was born to iron steel in the Pittsburgh district on ;. 1, 1888, and in due time--or in 1909 graduated from Penn State with a Bachelor degree in industrial chemistry.

Jan 1, 1944

By A. Manganwidjoyo, W. A. Wiebenga

The aim of this paper is to disclose some of the correlations between rock parameters, hidden in Wuerker's "Annotated Tables of Strength and Elastic Properties of Rocks," 1956. The empirical relations concern dry rocks of varying porosity. Curves and equations interrelating the specific gravity, compressive strength, bar velocity, and Poisson's ratio are presented. In 1956 Wuerker published his "Annotated Tables of Strength and Elastic Properties of Rock", in which various physical properties of rocks determined by different authorities, are tabulated systematically. The tables are primarily intended for use by mining-, quarrying- and ore-dressing engineers. Since the list of measured parameters for each type of rock includes properties such as — grain size, specific gravity, porosity, compressive strength, static elastic cons:ants (moduli of elasticity, rigidity, specific damping capacity and longitudinal bar velocity) the tables are also of considerable interest to the practical geophysicist. Correlations between rock parameters may enable geophysicists, geologists and civil engineers to transiate measurements from one parameter to another. Even if these translations are of limited accuracy, or valid only within certain specified ranges, they often serve a useful parpose. The aim of this paper is to disclose some of the correlations between rock parameters concealed in wuerker's Tables. Throughout this paper the following symbols and units are used unless otherwise stated: Sg is Specific gravity, the ratio of the density of a specimen to the density of water at 4°C. P is Porosity, in %, the ratio of the volume of voids in a specimen to its total volume. CS is Compressive strength in 1000 p.s.i., the stress under which a specimen will fracture when undergoing a standard compression test. V is Bar Velocity in kilo-feet/sec, the velocity of longitudinal seismic waves measured in a slender bar type specimen. Vc is Bulk or Constraint Velocity in kilo-feet/ sec, the velocity of longitudinal seismic waves measured in a very large specimen.+is Reciprocai bar velocity in millisecs/ft (1 millisec = 10-3 sec). cis Poisson's ratio, the ratio of the lateral to longitudinal strain of a body under longitudinal stress. CORRELATIONS Specific Gravity (Sg) vs. Porosity (P) Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the relatiooship between specific gravity and porosity for approuirr~ately 70 samples of dry rocks. A curve fitted by estimation to this data yields the empirical formula: Sg =-0.0268P + 2.67 * 0.2 (1) Considering unit volume of a porogs specimen then

Jan 1, 1961

By K. G. Davis, P. Fryzuk

A study has been made of the effect of undercooling on the grain structure and solute distribution in small ingots of pure bismuth and of a 100 ppm Ag in bismuth alloy. Autoradiographic evidence shows that in undercooled melts a network of dendrites is formed throughout the melt immediately after nu-cleation. At large undercoolings the dendrites are very thin and closely spaced. The origin of the observed grain morphology can be explained on the basis of information about the mode of solidification revealed by the impurity substructure. WHILE a great number of studies of nucleation in undercooled molten metals have been made, comparatively little attention has been given to the mode of solidification from melts with large undercool- ings. Colligan and Bayles1 and Walker2 have measured the rate of advance of the solid-liquid interface in undercooled nickel melts, but the morphology of the solidifying material remained a matter of speculation. Fehling and Scheil3 have described the grain structure in ingots formed from undercooled melts of nickel, palladium, and copper, and a series of Ni-Cu and Ni-Pd alloys. At small undercoolings, equiaxed structures are observed, the grain diameter tending to increase as the temperature of nucleation is lowered. At greater undercoolings, a columnar structure is developed, while with still further undercooling there is a smaller grain size incorporating rather coarse subgrains. All-bright and Colligan4 examined the grain structure shown by ingots solidified from melts of nickel and of Ni-Ag alloy at an undercooling of 105°C, and concluded that considerable grain growth had taken place after solidification. The object of the present work is to correlate the mode of solidification from undercooled melts with both the grain structure and impurity segregation, using tracers to examine the latter.

Jan 1, 1965

By W. C. Meyer

In an effort to conserve and extend oil resources, the use of powdered coal-in-oil mixtures (COM) as an alternate fuel in oil-fired boilers is receiving increasing attention. For the approach to be successful, some degree of stability of the suspension against settling is needed. The variety of means available to achieve stability of this nonaqueous slurry is reviewed along with some of the physical and chemical concepts which underlie each method.

Jan 1, 1983

C. Q. Payne, New York City: Prof. Blake's inference that magnetic separation may be successfully employed upon smithsonite and iron oxide, after a preliminary roasting, is confirmed by the fact that this separation has been carried on with entire success for over a year at the works of the Wythe Lead and Zinc Mine Co., Austinville, Va. The ore mined on this property is a mixture consisting chiefly of galenite, smithsonite and limonite. The crude material is crushed, screened and washed in log washers for the removal of clay, and then jigged for the separation of the galenite. The zinc-and iron-ores are then roasted in reverberatory furnaces, being turned and moved towards the bridge-end of the hearth by manual labor. The roasted material contains from 20 to 26 per cent. of metallic iron. The slight difference in the specific gravities and the friable condition of the ores after roasting prevent the separation of the oxides by means of jigging. It was therefore the practice, previous to the use of magnetic separation, to charge the roasted material directly into the retorts of the zinc-furnaces. The rapid cutting of the retorts under this practice proved a serious inconvenience and expense. In the spring of 1892, the writer built for the Wythe Lead and Zino Mine Co. a magnetic separator which embodied several novel features and which was designed to treat the roasted zinc- and ironoxides. This separator has proved entirely successful for the purpose for which it was designed. During the first nine months of its operation, 1415 tons of 2240 pounds of roasted material were passed through the separator, producing about 675 tons of heads carrying from 50 to 55 per cent, of metallic iron, which are sold to a neighboring blast-furnace. The tailings, which contain the zinc, carry from 4 to 6 per cent. of metallic iron. For magnetizing the iron-ore previous to separating it from the zinc-ore, no change whatever mas made in the form of the reverberatory furnace previously employed. It was found that, by charging near the bridge-end of the hearth, toward the end of the roast-

Jan 1, 1894

By F. C. Greene

The oil and gas industry in Missouri in 1934 continued along the same lines that have marked the previous years. One new gas pool has been opened, others have been extended and in one oil pool a 25-bbl. well was completed. Missouri has no laws or regulations relating to drilling or the filing of well logs and the Geological Survey depends on its own scouting activities to obtain information. The data herein have been taken largely from a paper by the author recently published in the 58th Biennial Report of the State Geologist of Missouri. That report is available on application to H. A. Buehler, State Geologist, Rolla, Missouri, accompanied by ten cents in stamps, the amount of the postage. The preliminary figures, subject to revision, indicate that before the end of December, 1932, there were 2495 completions, of which 320 were oil wells, 1139 were gas wells and 1036 were dry. Over half of the oil wells were drilled in the Richards-Stotesbury area of Vernon County and were pumped for only a short period of time. During the period 1933-34 there were 201 completions, of which 10 were oil wells with an initial daily capacity of 100 bbl., 90 were gas wells, with an open flow of 26,578,256 cu. ft., and 101 were dry. The most active areas in drilling for gas in 1934 were the Marota area, sec. 17, T.49N., R.32W., Jackson County, the Grandview area in T.47N., R.33W., Jackson County, and the Plattsburg area in Clinton County. The Knoche oil pool in sec. 16, T.46N., R.33W., Cass County, was the scene of the only important oil development. In the Marota pool nine wells were completed to the Squirrel sand, with a combined open flow of about 5,000,000 cu. ft. The pool is on a small symmetrical dome with a closure of at least 30 ft. The average depth of the wells is 450 ft. The Squirrel sand (Upper Cherokee, Pennsylvanian) had a thickness of 94 ft. in a near-by dry hole, but only the upper 30 or 40 ft. is drilled in the producing wells. The largest well

Jan 1, 1935

By M. H. Richman, W. D. Sproul

THE indexing of a field-ion micrograph is in many cases similar to the indexing of the poles of a stereo-graphic projection.* If one has a standard projection as a guide, the task of indexing is relatively simple. In this way, field-ion micrographs of bcc and fcc wires have been oriented from projections available in most any text on X-ray diffraction. These books always illustrate the projections for the bcc and fcc structures and even for a particular hcp structure. There is no "standard" hcp projection because the angles between planes depend on the c/o ratio of the unit cell. In order to index field-ion micrographs of hcp metals, one must compute the angles between various planes—a rather laborious task. In recent work,, we have had to identify the structure and index the orientation of field-ion micrographs of the compounds WC and W,C. To overcome the problem of computing angles by hand or calculator, a program was written in Fortran lV for use on the IBM 360, Model 50 which will compute all angles between planeswith indices (hlklll) and (17,k,l2) in the range from (447) to (444) for any given c/o ratio. The program, which is more specific than that of Camp and clum, was so written as to take advantage of the multiplicity of the hexagonal system, and, for the limits defined above, only 26,649 values out of a possible 265,721 values had to be computed. This is a 90 pct saving in time (and cost) and was accomplished in the following way. Because the lattice parameters of the hexagonal crystal system are defined such that: a = b * c [1] the I index does not enter into the multiplicity (i.e., it cannot be transposed with the h or k indices), and all possible values of h and I, from 4 to 4 must be used—a total of eighty-one combinations. The index h2 varies the most—it must assume values from - Ill,: to 3Ihl. The indices kl and k2 are always equal and vary

Jan 1, 1969

By David B. Reger

Exploration for new pools of gas in the Oriskany sand and continued exploitation of areas already known to be productive in that sand were the main features of petroleum activity in West Virginia during 1938. To a considerable extent the exploration program resulted in failure, but the extension of former areas was eminently successful. Throughout the state, in general, less drilling was done than in 1937. According to the West Virginia Department of Mines, only 631 permits to drill were issued, as compared to 1034 in 1937. The account of operations, as reported by trade journals and other sources, shows that 766 wells were drilled, resulting in 131 oil wells with 1609 bbl. of daily production; 484 gas wells with 1,232,216,000 cu. ft. of daily open flow; and 151 dry holes. Several discoveries indicate new pools of oil and gas; and several extensions of old gas pools have been made. In spite of a decreased number of total wells, the figures for new gas and oil are both larger than in 1937. The new oil average is 12.3 bbl. per well per day; the gas average is 2,545,900 cu. ft. per well per day, the ratio of dry holes to completions is 19.71 per cent. No general attempt was made to discover new pools of oil. A continued low price, coupled with reduced takings, combined to make drilling unattractive. The principal oil wells completed, by counties are: Boone, 6; Calhoun, 10; Clay, 7; Gilmer, 5; Kanawha, 5; Lincoln, 7; Pleasants, 13; Ritchie, 32; Roane, 6; Tyler, 7; and Wirt, 14. Production for the year, according to the Oil and Gas Journal, was 3,724,750 barrels. The leading counties in gas, with the number of successful wells in each, are: Boone, 16; Braxton, 13; Cabell, 47; Calhoun, 29; Doddridge, 10; Gilmer, 55; Kanawha, 127; Lincoln, 18; Ritchie, 29; Wayne, 19; and Wetzel, 26. Production for the year is estimated as 150,000,000,000 cubic feet. Pipe-line construction, which was extensive in 1937, was insignificant in 1938. Exploration was not as active as in 1937. Field prices of both oil and gas have severely declined.

Jan 1, 1939

By David B. Reger

Exploration for new pools of gas in the Oriskany sand and continued exploitation of areas already known to be productive in that sand were the main features of petroleum activity in West Virginia during 1938. To a considerable extent the exploration program resulted in failure, but the extension of former areas was eminently successful. Throughout the state, in general, less drilling was done than in 1937. According to the West Virginia Department of Mines, only 631 permits to drill were issued, as compared to 1034 in 1937. The account of operations, as reported by trade journals and other sources, shows that 766 wells were drilled, resulting in 131 oil wells with 1609 bbl. of daily production; 484 gas wells with 1,232,216,000 cu. ft. of daily open flow; and 151 dry holes. Several discoveries indicate new pools of oil and gas; and several extensions of old gas pools have been made. In spite of a decreased number of total wells, the figures for new gas and oil are both larger than in 1937. The new oil average is 12.3 bbl. per well per day; the gas average is 2,545,900 cu. ft. per well per day, the ratio of dry holes to completions is 19.71 per cent. No general attempt was made to discover new pools of oil. A continued low price, coupled with reduced takings, combined to make drilling unattractive. The principal oil wells completed, by counties are: Boone, 6; Calhoun, 10; Clay, 7; Gilmer, 5; Kanawha, 5; Lincoln, 7; Pleasants, 13; Ritchie, 32; Roane, 6; Tyler, 7; and Wirt, 14. Production for the year, according to the Oil and Gas Journal, was 3,724,750 barrels. The leading counties in gas, with the number of successful wells in each, are: Boone, 16; Braxton, 13; Cabell, 47; Calhoun, 29; Doddridge, 10; Gilmer, 55; Kanawha, 127; Lincoln, 18; Ritchie, 29; Wayne, 19; and Wetzel, 26. Production for the year is estimated as 150,000,000,000 cubic feet. Pipe-line construction, which was extensive in 1937, was insignificant in 1938. Exploration was not as active as in 1937. Field prices of both oil and gas have severely declined.

Jan 1, 1939