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  • IMMS
    Options to Increase Economy of Deep-Sea Mining

    By T. Yamazaki, R. Arai, N. Nakatani, K. Kuroda

    "These 40 years, deep-sea mining for manganese nodules, cobalt-rich manganese crusts, and seafloor massive sulfides has been continuously business and R&D targets. The economy is the most important fa

    Jan 1, 2017

  • IMMS
    Towards Operational Environmental Threshold Levels for Exploitation of Mineral Resources in the Deep Sea (71089290-180d-4f28-918b-1a970dec41b1)

    By Karsten Hagenah, Tor Jensen, Jens Laugesen, Øyvind Fjukmoen, Lucy Brooks

    This paper describes operational environmental threshold levels for exploitation of mineral resources in the deep sea. Such criteria are needed to be able to monitor and control deep sea mining with r

    Jan 1, 2018

  • IMMS
    Why Are Some Seafloor Polymetallic Sulfide Sites Particularly Rich In Gold?

    By Raymond A. Binns

    Exploration for undersea polymetallic sulfide mineral resources with high economic potential would be more effective given an ability to predict sites with particularly high gold contents (averaging s

    Jan 1, 2005

  • IMMS
    Alteration In The Nodule Coverage Due To Biogenic Disturbance In The IOM Exploration Area: Some Environmental Concerns

    By Valcana Stoyanova

    Deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules are expected to produce serious impact on benthic ecosystem due to removal of nodules, sediments and associated fauna by means of collector, and subsequently, b

    Jan 1, 2011

  • IMMS
    The Resource Potential of the Slow-Spreading TAG Segment at 26°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Evidence from AUV-Based Exploration

    By Isobel Yeo, Florent Szitkar, Sven Petersen, Sebastian Graber, Nico Augustin, Marcel Rothenbeck, John Jamieson

    "INTRODUCTIONSeafloor massive sulfides (SMS) along mid-ocean ridges are often seen as a possible future contribution to a secure metal supply for global human needs. A growing interest over the past f

    Jan 1, 2017

  • IMMS
    Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in Airlift Pump Using 1D Two-Fluid Model

    By Ivar Eskerud Smith, Ole Jørgen Nydal, Niranjan Reddy Challabotla, Svein Sævik

    INTRODUCTION Airlift pumping, utilize compressed air that is injected at the bottom of a vertical pipe submerged in the water, reduces the mixture density inside the pipe and lifts the liquid or mixtu

    Jan 1, 2018

  • IMMS
    Recent Developments; U.S. Atlantic Shelf Marine Mineral Surveys

    By Andrew E. Grosz

    The Atlantic Continental Shelf (ACS) of the United States includes about 391,000 km2 extending from the shoreline to the 200-m isobath. It varies in width from a fraction of a kilometer (offshore of s

    Jan 1, 1988

  • IMMS
    Trench Cutter Technique Applied For Off-Shore Sampling

    By Stephan K. Schwank

    In mid 1993, Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH, based in Germany got the order to develop a sampling tool capable of penetrating all different types of seabed sediments including cobbles and boulders and into

    Jan 1, 1998

  • IMMS
    Seafloor Hydrothermal Mineralization: Retrospect And Prospect

    By P. A. Rona

    The first hydrothermal mineral deposits found at a seafloor spreading center were discovered in the Red Sea by multi-national research vessels between 1963 and 1965. At that time, the deposits were co

    Jan 1, 1989

  • IMMS
    Rare and Valuable Metals for High-Tech Applications Found in Marine Ferromanganese Nodules and Crusts: Relationships To Genetic Endmembers - Introduction

    By Andrea Koschinsky

    Ferromanganese crusts have traditionally been considered a potential ore for Co, whereas ferromanganese nodules have typically been considered a potential ore for Ni and Cu. However, both nodules and

    Jan 1, 2010

  • IMMS
    Conceptual Study Of Innovative Ecological Manganese Nodule Mining System ? Introduction

    By Tetsuo Yamazaki

    Manganese nodules on deep ocean floors have continuously received attention as potential sources for strategic metals such as Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn, due to their vast distribution and relatively higher m

    Jan 1, 2011

  • IMMS
    An Article 76-Based Definition Of The U.S. Atlantic Continental Shelf

    By G. B. Carpenter

    The United Nations Law of the Sea (LOS) Convention includes provisions (Article 76) for establishing the outer limits of a coastal State's continental shelf and for denoting the seaward extent of

    Jan 1, 1995

  • IMMS
    Continental Margin Hydrothermal Mineralization: Southern California Borderland

    By James R. Hein

    Barite and Fe-Mn-oxide deposits that occur along faults in the Southern California Borderland formed by low-temperature hydrothermal processes. The Borderland region consists of block-faulted continen

    Jan 1, 2002

  • IMMS
    Numerical Modelling Of The Sediment Transport Due To Deep Sea Mining

    By J. A. Jankowski

    The situation in the raw material market has brought into consideration the commercial exploitation of the mineral deposits on the deep sea bed and in particular the manganese nodules. They occur gene

    Jan 1, 1995

  • IMMS
    Methods of Manganese Nodule Exploration in the German License Area

    By Carsten Rühlemann

    Between 2008 and 2013, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) carried out five exploration cruises to the German license area in the eastern Pacific Nodule Belt. The

    Sep 14, 2011

  • IMMS
  • IMMS
    Design Considerations for Deep Sea Mining Umbilicals

    By Sander van Leeuwen

    Outline: · De Regt Marine Cables. · The link between system requirements and umbilical requirements (which system requirements have the largest impact on the umbilical design). · Design options for de

    Jan 1, 2018

  • IMMS
    Geophysical Exploration And Resource Assessment Of Deepwater Polymetallic Sulfide Deposits, Papua New Guinea

    By M. E. Williamson

    From December 2004 through March of 2005 an extensive geophysical program was conducted to delineate polymetallic sulfide deposits in the Bismark Sea for a major mining concern. Deeply towed sidescan

    Jan 1, 2005

  • IMMS
    Comparative Analysis of Deep-Sea Minerals

    By Pedro Madureira, Georgy Cherkashov, Harald Brekke, Marzia Rovere

    "The most promising deep-sea mineral resources for exploration in the Area (beyond the limits of national jurisdiction) are polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts and polymetallic sul

    Jan 1, 2017

  • IMMS
    Nautilus Minerals: The Latest in Exploration and Development

    By John Parianos

    2013 has seen good progress for Nautilus Minerals and our projects due to the determination of our people and the continued support from shareholders and stakeholders. Our focus remains Solwara 1 in P

    Sep 14, 2011