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Division of Geology, State of Tennessee, 401 Seventh Ave, North, Nashville, Tenn. Walter F. Pond, State Geologist A selected list of Bulletins available: Bulletin 1(B), Bibliography of Tennessee geology (1911); 2(A) Outline introduction to mineral resources (1910), 2(D) Marbles (1911); 2(G) Zinc deposits (1910), 16, Red iron ores of east Tennessee (1913), 22, Geology and natural resources of Rutherford County (1920), 24(A) Geology and oil possibilities of parts of Overton, Clay, Pickett and Fentress counties (1920); 24(B) Oil and gas resources of northeastern Sumner County (1920), 26, Mineral resources of Waynesboro Quadrangle (1921); 28, Marble deposits of East Tennessee (1923), 29, Magnetic iron ores of east Tennessee (1923), 31, Zinc deposits of east Tennessee (1923), 33, Tennessee coal fields, 37, Geology and mineral resources of Hardin County, 38, Stratigraphy of the Central Basin (in press), 39, Brown iron ores of the Eastern Highland Rim (in press) From 1911 to 1919, inclusive, volumes were issued annually on The Resources of Tennessee Only a few of the separate papers contained in those volumes are now available Vol. 2 (1911): No 1, Explosions of coal dust in mines, and other papers, No. 4, Lignite and lignitic clays in west Tennessee, and other papers; 5, The growth of knowledge of Tennessee geol¬ogy; 9, The valley and mountain iron ores of east Tennessee, 10, The iron industry of Lawrence and Wayne counties, and other papers; 11, Barite deposits in the Sweetwater district, and other papers, 12, The iron ore deposits in the Tuckalioe district, and another paper Various oil maps (15 to 40 cents each) and traverse maps of counties (25 cents and 31 each) can be had, as well as pertinent U. S topographic maps.

Jan 1, 1933

By L. E. Porter

The demand for crude oil on the Pacific Coast during the year 1945. was so acute that the California crude supply had to be augmented by tank-car imports from the Texas and Rocky Mountain fields. Crude imports reached a high of 64,800 bbl. per day during June, with a total of 14,259,000 bbl. imported during the first 11 .months. The U. S. Navy also implemented the crude output from California pools by drilling and completing approximately 300 wells in the Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 (Elk Hills), from which an established production of 65,000. bbl. per day was reached in late February and maintained until Aug. 17, 1945, when it was reduced to its preprogram level of 15,000 bbl. per day. Even with the conclusion of the Pacific war on V-J day (Aug. 14), the military petroleum product requirements have permitted little material reduction in output of California crude to prewar rates. During the year, a total of 327-760,000 bbl. of crude was produced, or 19 per cent of the total crude production within the United States during the same period, as compared with 310,996,000 bbl. or 18.4 per cent of the nation's crude production in 1944.

Jan 1, 1946

By H. L. Hazen

THIS is the story of the recent operations of the Standard Cyaniding Co., which owns the Standard mine, a low-grade gold property in sight of Highway 40 about thirty miles from Lovelock toward Winnemucca, Nev. The ore is mined by power shovel and cyanided after grinding to only 3/S in. A total direct cost of $1.24 was attained in 1941 on 600 tons a day. Mining operations ceased, under Government edict, in 1942, and only in recent months have been resumed. The operating difficulties of today are: (1) the high cost of supplies; (2) labor problems; and (3) Federal laws as interpreted and enforced by executive bureaus of the Government. Of these, the increased cost of supplies is the least important.

Jan 1, 1947

By B. H. Caudle, A. B. Dyes

In a recent publication' it was shown that wells with a free surface in a homogeneous gravity-drainage reservoir have a hyperbolic decline with index n '. This paper reports efforts to extend this theory to practical field cases. As a first step in making the extension, a large number of lease production curves from gravity-drainage fields in the stripper stage were fitted with the general hyperbolic decline equation, q/q, = 1/(1 + y) y and n in each case being determined by statistical methods. It was found that this equation is reliable for decline curve extrapolation for periods up to at least 25 years. The resrilts obtained were disturbing in the sense that values for the index, n, were often smaller than one, which fact leads to the prediction that a well would produce all infinite amount of oil in infinite time. A theoretical investigation based on the results of the previous paper provides a suitable explanation for these low values of n. It suggests that these are obtained if production occurs from two or more layers of diflerent permeabilitv and thicktress or two lnyers having different skin effects. It is predicted that as the more permeable layers are exhausted, the index of decline, n, will rise from a value smaller than 2, to n = 2. A practical method is given for fitting the general hyperbolic decline Eq. 6 to production decline data. When this method is used, the index of decline observed in gravity-drainage reservoirs in the stripper stage when wing only data over early years 01 decline usually agrees quite closely with that determined using data over 25 years or more. This indicates that the hyperbolic decline equation is reliable for predicting behavior of such reservoirs. A method is also suggested for taking into account any changes in the value of the index INTRODUCTION As a result of both experimental work with models and theoretical deductions, it was recently concluded' that wells having a free surface in a homogeneous reservoir producing by pure gravity drainage should have a hyperbolic decline with n = 2. The present report details efforts to extend this work on ideal homogeneous reservoirs to actual field cases. It should be remembered that both the previous work and the present extension are based on the assumption that the reservoir is at very low pressure, and hence, nearly all the potential available for driving fluid to the well is the gravity head. Attempts to apply conclusions of this study to reservoirs which have considerable pressures supplementing the gravity drive may lead to difficulty. WELLS WITH NO FREE SURFACE In a dipping gravity-drainage reservoir such as that shown in Fig. 1, some of the down-dip wells have no free surface. The previous study' showed that the up-dip wells, which have a free surface, should follow Eq. 1. The following approximate analysis, of a type which was justified experimentally for up-dip wells in the work just mentioned, leads to results for the down-dip wells.

By J. G. Giddings, R. Kobayashi

Residual viscosity, the ViSCOSitY at a given pressure and temperature minus the dilute gas viscosity at the same temperature, has been found to be independent of temperature for pure components and mixtures for simple molecules and light hydrocarbons. The residual viscosities for methane, ethane, propane and four mixtures were correlated as a function of reduced density and molecular weight. INTRODUCTION Earlier efforts in correlating the viscosity of light hydrocarbons and associated gases under pressure, primarily by some form of the corresponding states principle, have been reported elsewhere.7 The formal theory of corresponding states principle for viscosity from non-equilibrium statistical mechanical arguments for simple molecules has been developed by Helfand and Rice.13 The most serious obstacle to the development of a generalized corresponding states representation of viscosity data, even for simple molecules, has been the limited quantity of precise viscosity data of pure components and mixtures over a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions. Viscosity data on light hydrocarbons have recently been contributed by several laboratories.2,6,8,23,25,26 In the study of the viscosity of nitrogen, Michels and Gibson" observed that the viscosities of nitrogen as a function of density gave parallel isotherms. The same behavior has since been reported for other gases.".= The observed behavior indicates that the residual viscosity or the viscosity at a given pressure and temperature minus the dilute gas viscosity at the same temperature is a unique function of the density. Abas-Zade,1 Michels and Botzen,18 and Michels, Bot-Zen, Friedman and Sengers,19 observed similar behavior for thermal conductivity, the residual thermal conductivity being defined in a manner parallel to that of residual viscosity. Thodos and co-workers 4,15,24 applied the residual viscosity concept to the viscosity of pure monatomic and diatomic gases. Ellington and co-workers10,25 made the residual viscosity vs density plots for ethane and propane, but omitted the region below a residual viscosity of 15 micropoise and showed a systematic separation of the ethane isotherms in the low density region. Eakin correlated the residual viscosity of methane, ethane, propane and n-butane empirically as a function of density and molecular weight: Carmichael and Sage6 recently presented ethane residual viscosity vs density values in the gaseous liquid, and near critical regions as a single univariant function of density. Flynn, Hanks, Lemaire and ROSS" have contributed extremely accurate viscosity data to confirm that the residual viscosity concept is essentially correct, but may not be accurate within 0.1 per cent of the viscosity value for the gaseous state- The recent studies by Giddings12 indicate that the residual viscosity of methane, propane and each of four methane-propane mixtures are unique functions of density Over the temperature and the density ranges studied.

Jan 1, 1965

By Ellsworth Daggett

THE ore smelted in the Winnamuck furnace during the year 1872 consisted, for the most part, of oxidized ores from the Winnamuck mine, only sixty tons of outside ore (from the Spanish mine) having been smelted. The latter, like the principal Winnamuck ore, was oxidized or so-called carbonate ore. There was mixed with these oxidized ores three hundred to four hundred tons, or 7 to 10 per cent. of galena, some of which was mined with the oxidized ore, while a part was mined separately from the lower portion of the mine, and afterwards mixed with the ore, with a view of preventing the formation of deposits of metallic iron in the furnaces. The average assay in silver of all the ore handled was 51.46 oz. per ton, most of it existing as chloride of silver. The lead contents were 34.98 per cent., all, or nearly all, in the form of carbonate of lead. The relative amount of silver is not at all constant, the best silver ore often being poorest in lead. The predominant gangue was silica, several determinations of which have been made on representative samples, yielding in three such samples 26, 38, and 58 per cent. silica, the latter test being ore containing but little lead. The average contents in silica are about 35 per cent., with 6 to 7 per cent. sesquioxide of iron, and small quantities of alumina and lime. Mechanically, the ore was very fine, and so thoroughly disintegrated that it presented few distin¬guishing characteristics, rendering sorting or separating of ore from waste difficult, and often impracticable. Experiments on a small scale have been tried, with a view to separate the silica by washing; but these were unsuccessful, as the finest slime, requiring a long time to settle in still water, contained a large amount of silver; and on a careful sizing and washing of the sands and coarser parts, the silver contents were found to be less dependent upon specific gravity

Jan 1, 1874

By H. N. Eavenson

In a discussion in the Transactions of the Institute (vol. Xl, page 835 et seq.) the writer gave some data about the explosions of gas and dust in the coal mines of the United States, Canada, and Mexico…

Jan 1, 1915

By A. W. Fahrenwald

FLOTATION practice in Idaho is now about 13 years old. The advance has been steady during these 13 years. The operators have been alert to take advantage of the newest developments and they have themselves made a constant effort to improve their work. The metallurgical improvements are clue to the development of (1) better equipment, (2) better reagents, and (3) better understanding and control of the process. During the 8 years which the writer has been in this district, there has been continuous experimentation by several companies to improve the ore dressing by flotation methods. Gravity concentration has fought hard to hold its place, and although it is true that gravity processes have been improved during this period, nevertheless, in several of the important mills of the district the few tables that managed to hang on have finally given way. On the straight-lead ores, tables and jigs are still used; and, due to better classification, their hold on this job has been strengthened.

Jan 1, 1927

By AIME AIME

COMMITTEES. LOCAL COMMITTEE.-R. C. Crawford, Chairman; Harrison W. Craver, Secretary; Julian Kennedy, Taylor Allderdice, E. W. Pargny, Charles L. Miller, W. H. Rea, S. A. Taylor, M. E. Wadsworth, W. A1. Henderon, A. C. Dinkey, W. L, Jones, E. L. Messier, George Mesta, J. H. Jones, G. H. Riley, S. L. Goodale, D. W. McNaugher. LADIES' COMMITTEE.-Mrs. Taylor Allderdice, Chairman; Mrs. Julian Kennedy, Mr. R. C. Crawford, Mrs. E. M. Herr, Airs. J. W. Marsh, Mrs. T. A. Mellon, Mrs. G. P. Bassett, Jr., Airs. D. M. Clemson, Mr. Charles L. Miller, Mrs. V. L. P. Shriver, Mrs. W. A. Bostwick, Mrs. A. C.. Dinkey, Mrs. A. P. Childs, Jr., Mrs. F. R. Dravo, Mrs. Hermon Griffin, Mrs. W. H. Nimmick, Mrs. F. H. Lloyd, Mrs. S. G. Cooper, Mrs. S. H. Church, Mrs. E. N. Ohl. The Institute Headquarters was established at the Hotel Schenley, where a bureau of information was maintained for the benefit of the visiting members and guests of the party during the time of the meeting. TECHNICAL SESSIONS. The first session, held Tuesday evening, Mar. 1, 1910, in the large lecture hall of the Carnegie Institute, was called to order by Harrison W. Craver, Secretary of the Local Committee. Mr. Craver introduced Dr. John A. Brashear, who extended to the members and guests a hearty welcome to the city of Pittsburg, to which David W. Brunton, President of the Institute, responded. The following papers were presented in oral abstract by the authors: Biographical Notice of Dr. Charles B. Dudley, by Dr. R. W. Raymond, New York, N. Y. Biographical Notice of William Metcalf, by Col. II. P. Bope, Pittsburg, Pa. Development of Hindered Settling Apparatus, by Robert H. Richards, Boston, Mass. (Illustrated by lantern-slides.) A Few Mining Districts in the Argentine Republic, South America, by Z. S. Beyl. (Illustrated by lantern. slides.)

Apr 1, 1910

Jan 1, 1882

Jan 1, 1968

By G. Caetani

I. INTRODUCTION. WE owe to the courtesy of Mr. R. M. Raymond, Manager of the El Oro Mining & Railway Co., Ltd., the permission of publishing in this paper the results of a series of experiments and tests made in view of determining the economical limit to which the fine grinding of the ore by tube-mills could be carried on. For the sake of clearness, the following definitions are given of certain terms used in this paper, as well as of the units and screens in the experiments. Slime : In a general way " slime" is that mill-product, of which from 90 to 95 per cent, will pass a 200-mesh screen (0.067 mm. aperture), and which is treated as one class of material in the El Oro cyanide-plants. As a screen-product, slime constitutes all material that *ill pass a 200-mesh, screen. In sizing, the following products are distinguished:- Coarse Sand : That material remaining on a 100-mesh (0.111 mm. aperture) screen. Fine Sand : That passing through. 100-mesh and remaining on a 200-mesh (0.067 mm. aperture) screen. Slime: That passing through 200-mesh. Fines, which pass through 200-mesh and settle in 30 seconds, and silt, which does not settle in 1 minute. Sand-index : The number proportional to its total fineness considered from the economical point of view, as explained on page 93. Absolute extraction : The percentage of values actually brought into solution. Actual extraction: The percentage of values actually brought to the ziuc-boxes. Units : Dollars, U. S. Currency; pounds; and short tons (2,000 lb.). Gold is valued at $20.67, and silver at $0.50 per ounce. Screens : In the sizing-tests the screens used were:¬ Mesh (per 1 in.), . 24 30 40 60 80 100 150 200 250 Aperture (mm.), . 0.740 0.515 0.424 0.250 0.159 0.111 0.090 0.067 0.058 Strengths of solution : Strengths are expressed in the percent- . age of KCN contained, though the sodium cyanide, which is

Jan 1, 1906

By Ellsworth Daggett

The ore smelted in the Winnamuck furnace during the year 1872 consisted, for the most part, of oxidized ores from the Winnamuck mine, only sixty tons of outside ore (from the Spanish mine) having been smelted. The latter, like the principal Winnamuck ore, was oxidized or so-called carbonate ore. There was mixed with these oxidized ores three hundred to four hundred tons, or 7 to 10 per cent. of galena, some of which was mined with the oxidized ore, while a part was mined separately from the lower portion of the mine, and afterwards mixed with the ore, with a view of preventing the formation of deposits of metallic iron in the furnaces. The average assay in silver of all the ore handled was 51.46 oz. per ton, most of it existing as chloride of silver. The lead contents were 34.98 per cent,, all, or nearly all, in the form of carbonate of lead. The relative amount of silver is not at all constant, the best silver ore often being poorest in lead. The predominant gangue was silica, several determinations of which have been made on representative samples, yielding in three such samples 26, 38, and 58 per cent. silica, the latter test being ore containing but little lead. The average contents in silica are about 35 per cent., with 6 to 7 per cent. sesquioxide of iron, and small quantities of alumina and lime. Mechanically, the ore was very fine, and so thoroughly disintegrated that it presented few distinguishing characteristics, rendering sorting or separating of ore from waste difficult, and often impracticable. Experiments on a small scale have been tried, with a view to separate the silica by washing; but these were unsuccessful, as the finest slime, requiring a long time to settle in still water, contained a large amount of silver; and on a careful sizing and washing of the sands and coarser parts, the silver contents were found to be less dependent upon specific gravity

THE members arrived at Ticonderoga, N. Y., at noon, Tuesday, October 15th, and were received by Mr. Cyrus Butler, Chairman of the Local Committee of Arrangements. During the afternoon the works of the American Graphite Company and the Horicon Iron Company were visited under the guidance of Mr. Butler, President of both companies, and of Mr. William Hooper, Superintendent. An excursion was then made, in carriages, to old Fort Ticonderoga, on Lake Champlain, after which the party were driven to the Rogers Rock Hotel, on Lake George. The first session of the Institute was held in the parlor of time hotel on Tuesday evening. Mr. Eckley B. Coxe, President of the Institute, opened the proceedings with the following address: I shall ask your attention, this evening, to a few reflections upon the subject of mining engineering as a profession in the United States, its past, its present, and its future, and its duties and oppor¬tunities with reference to the proper development of our great min¬eral resources. Thirty years ago, there were scarcely any mining engineers in this country, and but few in England, and there were no institutions where young men could be educated for the profession in the Eng¬lish language. France and Germany have been able for about a century to boast of mining schools of a high character, that number among their graduates such men as Humboldt, Weisbach, Rittinger, Combes, and Gruner. Of the few we then had worthy of the name of "mining engi¬neer," some had studied in the continental academies, and others were graduates in the school of practical experience, and had learned their profession in mines and smelting-works. Their work con¬sisted principally in making surveys and maps of mines and mining properties, geological reports, and analyses of ores ; but the mining engineer whom we often meet with now, who has studied chemistry, physics, mineralogy, geology, mechanics, and drawing; who is more or less familiar with machinery and its construction, and with the practical management of mines or smelting-works, and who is an expert in some one branch of his profession, would have been very difficult if not impossible to find in the United States. The induce¬ments held out to ambitious and talented young men to enter the

Jan 1, 1879

By H. A. BURK

THE ores of the Tonopah, district are hard, compact and' highly siliceous. They contain from .1 to 2, per cent. of sulfide material, of which argentite is the valuable mineral; occasionally pyrargyrite is found in the richer ore. The sulfide is, chiefly pyrite with small amounts of chalcopyrite,. and sometimes sphalerite. The ore also contains a small amount of gold-about 1 per cent. by weight of the silver present. The major gangue constituent is quartz but frequently considerable rhodonite-called by the miners pink manganese-is present. For primary crushing, jaw and gyratory crushers are used. These crushers are of such capacity that, in most cases, one 8-hr. shift will supply the mill for 24 hr. The Extension Co., at the Victor ore house, passes the ore through a 13 by. 24-in. Blake type McFarland crusher set at 13 in., and at the No. 29 re house, a 14 by 24-in. Blake type Traylor crusher is used. The ore is thus crushed to stamping size in one reduction. The capacity of each crusher is about 40 tons per hr.; the power consumption is 0.6 kw. per ton.

Jan 1, 1921

Jan 1, 1916

By Horace R. Graham

CHEMICAL nitrogen and the "nitrates" of commercial significance are derived mainly from three basic sources: (1) the natural deposits in the form of nitrate-bearing earth and clay, which, being largely water-soluble, can exist only in the most arid portions of the earth; (2) coal, which yields not only nitrogen but also the additional by-product hydrogen required for the synthesis of ammonia and its compounds; (3) the atmospheric air, which contains 75.5 pct by weight of pure nitrogen gas. NATURAL NITRATE DEPOSITS Occurrence Although natural nitrate deposits consisting principally of the salts of sodium and potassium have been reported in Egypt, South Africa, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Peru and the USA, the only known natural nitrate resources of commercial importance are the vast deposits found in the Atacama, Tarapaca and Antofagasta regions of northern Chile, lying in a narrow strip 10 to 50 miles wide and roughly 450 miles long, between latitudes [19O] and [26OS]. In addition to yielding nitrates of sodium and potassium, these deposits are the source of the major portion of the world's supply of iodine. The nitrate-bearing ores known in Chile as caliche are variable in composition and may contain from 5 to 30 pct each of nitrate, chloride and sulphate. While the deposits are present chiefly in the form of the sodium salt, potassium, magnesium and calcium also occur in percent- ages from 0.1 to 5; usually as double salts with sulphate, which are but slightly soluble in nitrate leach solutions. These double salts are bloedite(Na2S04.MgS04.4H,0), glauberite (Na2S04.CaS04), polyhalite (K2SO4.- MgS04.2CaS04.2H20). Some deposits contain up to30 pct of their ni-

Jan 1, 1949

THE Institute met on Wednesday evening, May 22d, in the parlor of the Stanton House, Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, President, in the chair. The President delivered an introductory address on the Brown Hematite Deposits of the Great Valley, after which the following papers were read and discussed : Note on the Result of an Experiment with the Wheeler Process of Combining Iron and Steel in the Head of a Rail, by W. E. C. Coxe, of Reading, Pa. On the Jenks Corundum Mine, Macon County, N. C., by Dr. R. W. Raymond, of New York City. On Wednesday afternoon, previous to the opening session, the members who had already arrived in Chattanooga, were taken by the Local Committee to the works of the Roane Iron Company, and Chattanooga Iron Company, and then to the top of Lookout Mountain, where, at the request of the members present, Dr. Hunt described the geological and geographical features of the Chattanooga region, with the magnificent panorama spread out before them as a map. On Thursday morning an excursion was made by steamboat down the Tennessee River as far as Shellmound. Here cars were taken to the coal mines of the Dade Coal Company, where the members were courteously received by Mr. E. B. Wells, the Superintendent. After a trip through the mines the party partook of a collation provided by the company. South Pittsburgh, on the Tennessee River, was next visited, where the Southern States Coal, Iron and Land Company have a large blast-furnace plant in the course of erection. After conducting the party through the works, shops, etc., Mr. James Bowron, the manager, entertained the members with graceful hospitality at dinner. The second session was held on Thursday evening for the transaction of business. The President, Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, appointed Messrs. W. E. C. Coxe, R. H. Richards, and F. J. Slade, scrutineers, to examine the ballots for officers for the ensuing year.

Jan 1, 1879

By J. C. Bradley

The relation of annealing temperature to conductivity of copper wire has been determined. Conductivity hard was 98.26 per cent. After a 10-min. heat,ing at 200" C. it was 98.69. By annealing 10 min. at 300" C. a large increase, to 100.93, occurred. Maximum conductivity, 101.15, was attained after a 500" C. anneal; thereafter it decreased to 100.53 after a 950" C. anneal. If copper is gassed the decrease is much more than this. Material and Method The work was done on high grade electrolytic copper, 99.942 per cent, copper plus silver, silver 0.0008 per cent. It was hot-rolled to 1/4 in., then cold drawn to 0.080 in. The wire was cut into 25 5-ft. lengths and numbered 1 to 25 as cut. Four samples were tested hard. The others were wound into 5-in. diameter coils. For the 100" C. heating a coil was put into water, the water brought to . boiling, and the wire kept at this temperature for 10 min. For the higher temperatures the coils were placed in envelopes of sheet copper, a little water added, and the envelopes sealed by folding over the edges twice, and hammering them together. This kept the air out very well. The envelope and wire were brought to the desired temperature; this was maintained for 10 min., then the whole was water-quenched. Results Data from the tests are shown in the table and plot (see Fig. 1); conductivity is referred to the International Annealed Copper Standard at 20" C. Conductivity hard is considerably less than conductivity soft.1 The increase is sharp when the wire anneals. The maximum, 101.15 per cent, in the particular material used, comes at 500º C.; thereafter the conductivity falls to 100.53 per cent. after 950" C. annealing, a drop of 0.62 per cent.

Jan 1, 1927

F. W. Matthiessen, who, with E. C. Hegeler, of La Salle, was one of the creators of the zinc industry in the-United States, was born in Altona, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, Mar. 5, 1835. He was one of a family of remarkable brothers, two of whom were long absociated in this country with the sugar and glucose industry. Mr. Matthiessen was educated at Freiberg, and came to this country in 1857 with Mr. E. C. Hegeler, after having, in company with that gentleman, visited the mining districts of Germany, Belgium, and England. They first went to Friedensville, near Bethlehem, Lehigh County, Penn., wherc attempts had already been made to produce zinc from the ore deposits found in that place. The ore was a he silicate but all attempts to extract zinc from it had failed. Mr. Matthiessen and Mr. Hegclcr were successful, but declined to invest their money in the zinc industry at Bethlehem because 01 certain local conditions. Hearing of the discovery of zinc -ore in the West, they visited both Wisconsin and Missouri and thought of settling in the coal region of East St. Louis. Finally La Salle, as being near to the Wisconsin fields and having much coal, was selected ae the site of the new smelting company, and on Dec. 24, 1858, the first shovelful of dirt was turned for the buildings of the new industry. The Civil War at first interfered with the manufacture of zinc, but afterward a lively demand for the metal arose and the future success of the institution was established. A large rolling mill was added in 1866, and in 1881 the manufacture of sulfuric acid as a byproduct was begun. Mr. Matthiessen also developed the Western Clock hlanufacturing Co. of La Salle, which manufactures the Big Ben alarm clock, from a small plant having 25 men to the present large institution which employs some 2000 workers. Mr. Matthiessen's affiliations with other metal industriefi have been numerous. But the contributions of the great zinc manufacturer to the causes of philanthropy and education have made his name known throughout the country, beyond industrial circles. He has given to the city of La Salle probably a sum total of $500,000 in various benefactions. Among the objects of his philanthropy were the La Salle-Peru Township High School, which he has made a model institution of secondary education for the entire United States; also the Tri-City Hygienic Institute of La Salle, Peru, and Oglesby, Ill., which he endowed for $200,000 This Hygienic Institute, which is unique in the United States, has a traincd staff of health officers, bacteriological laboratory, medical library, infant welfare station, milk station, free dental clinic, school nurse, and isolation hospital. Mr. Matthiessen was elected mayor of the City of La Salle three times and gave generously to the municipality of which he was the head. He also saved for the people of Illinois one of the great scenic districts of the state, Deer Park, with its cafions and natural beauties, which he con-verted into a model scenic resort, and the proceeds of which he gave to the charities of the Tri-Cities in which he lived. He died on Feb. 11, 1918.

Jan 1, 1920