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By F. B. Petermann

The Bureau of Mines conducted electric furnace smelting tests on sintered flotation concentrate and siliceous log-washed are. The flotation concentrate was derived from the Maggie Canyon deposit of the Artillery Mountains area, Mohave County, Ariz., and contained, before sintering, 35.6 percent Mil and 19.4 percent Si02 + A1203. The log-washed ore was from the McGregor deposit of the Artillery Mountains area, Mohave County, Ariz., and contained 31.2 to 33.6 percent Mil, 19.5 to 27.6 percent Si02 + A1203, and 2.5 percent Pb. This work was undertaken to determine the most effective smelting technique for producing standard products from such nonspecification ore and concentrates. The objective was to collect data, using a small furnace, which would be reasonably accurate and permit extrapolation to large-scale practice for comparing with results on specification-grade are.

Jan 1, 1962

By Clarence A. Wright

The Missouri-Kansas-Oklahoma lead and zinc district, better known as the Joplin district, includes the mines in southwest Missouri and in those parts of Kansas and Oklahoma that are directly adjacent. (See PI. I.) This report of investigations carried on by the Bureau of Mines gives the methods used in mining and milling and indicates in some detail the conditions that affect the efficiency of those methods; it does not attempt to discuss the geology of the district, except incidentally, as this has been described in numerous reports by several geologists. Some of the more important recent publications are those of the United States Geological Survey by Smith and Siebenthal, a Bain, b and also those of the Missouri State geological survey by Buckley and Buehler." Other reports are those by Schmidt and Leonard," and Winslow,e of the Missouri geological survey, by Haworth and Crane,! of the Kansas geological survey, and by Jenney.g Although the lead and zinc ores are closely associated, the proportion of zinc ore mined at present is far greater than in former years. For this reason and because the losses in milling zinc ores are proportionately greater than in milling those of lead, the zinc ores are here given most consideration. Only the mines and mills actually examined and tested are discussed in detail, statements of results being restricted to the mines in general, with no special reference to anyone mine. Several mill tests were made to determine in a general way the efficiency of the milling practice in this district and to discover at what stage of the process the losses were greatest. Making these mill tests proved difficult,for, because of the arrangement of the mills and the necessity of estimating the tonnage treated, systematic mill testing and sampling can be done at only a few plants. Many tables giving results of mill tests and screen tests have been omitted because they would serve only to emphasize the important points shown by other data given. The writer has tried to bring out the possibilities of making certain improvements that would effect a greater saving, and has endeavored to avoid the use of technical terms and phrases in order that all statements may be clear and easily understood.

Jan 1, 1918

By Mark Sheppard

[Considerable research work hi been done on secondary crushing and coarse and fine grinding, and the literature on the general subject of Crushing contains many references to the work of investigators on the laws governing end the factors entering into the economical production of fine materials. However, little information on primary crushing in available The literature deals mainly with problems and practices in ore dressing, end in this field the engineer or investigator is concerned largely with the production of fine material and the unlocking of minerals in the ore. Under such conditions close control of screen sizes of primary-crusher products is a secondary consideration and has received very little attention.]

Jan 1, 1938

By H. B. Brunot, Ilsley. L. C., E. J. Gleim

"INTRODUCTION One of the various phases of the work by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, in its endeavors to minimize the hazards that attend coal mining, is the investigation of electrical motor-driven machinery. The object of this investigation is to foster the development of explosion-proof machines for use in gassy mines. This investigation is conducted under the provisions of Schedule 2C, which prescribes the inspection and tests made upon motors, controllers, and other electrical parts to determine their ability to withstand internal explosion without discharge of any flames. The method of conducting these inspections and tests is described in Bureau of Mines Bulletin 305, Inspection and Testing of Mine-Type Electrical Equipment for Permissibility, published in 1929. Formal approval of a machine for use in gassy mines is not granted by the Bureau of Mines until the machine is found to comply with the requirements, including inspection and test. When it is approved it is entitled to classification as a ""permissible"" machine.The high regard in which machines approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines are held by engineers of other countries is attested by the growing number of shipments of permissible equipment; to other nations, including Australia, Russia, Norway, Japan, and Manchuria."

Aug 1, 1936

Geophysical Abstracts 1 - 86 were issued in mimeographed form by the Bureau of Mines; Abstracts 87 - 111 were published in bulletins of the Geological Survey; Abstracts 112 - 120 were issued in mimeographed form by the Bureau of Mines as Information Circulars 7256, 7257; 7267,`7273; 7285, 7292, 7303, 7310, and 7324. 1. GRAVITATIONAL METHODS 7933. Ansel, E. A Eine Untersuchung zum Problem der Isostasie (An Investigation Regarding the Problem of Isostasy). Gerlands Beitr. Geophys., Leipzig, vol. 59, 1942, pp. 16-26.

Jan 1, 1945

By Edmund S. Leaver

[In previous reports5/ of ore-testing studies standard methods of conducting; test with precious-metal ores selected as representative of certain mining districts were discussed in considerable detail. In addition to standard tent procedures such as direct cyanidation, amalgamation, gravity concentration, and flotation, or a combination of these methods, it is sometimes necessary to apply other methods, such as preliminary roasting and washing of the calcine with plain or acidulated water before cyanidation. In all of this work standard tenting procedure has been supplements by he necessary assaying and analyses of original ore and test products.]

Jan 1, 1941

By Edmund S. Leaver

[In previous reports 5/ of ore-testing studies standard methods of conduction tests with precious-metal ores selected as representative of certain mining districts were discussed in considerable detail.]

Jan 1, 1941

By R. G. Meara, O&apos

[P.F? bmit e-ninirq ir.3.l r;tq: in the Znited State :; was u~irlyortant p~ior to the Torld ;Jar, ?-.lt with the c~r,sxti~rl of imports d11rln.c thr World 'Jar tke Rmericnn mar~factu~er:. of 1itkopone mcl Sayiun c;~oai?als forced tile tl~veloor?.ent of domertic bar,i$e dqosit9. Pr%~~,n-ily bcca-lse of tho increasing dc.n;;nl'i for lit,hupone3 by the pr?i:~t, Tlocr-covcrin~;, ,md rt1tbe.r indl~stries, ~3c.vs1o~:rnc2t of cto~entic de~onits has cr~ntim~ed to c-cpand. 13 1914, the salnr! oC doxegtic c~l~.dt? t,m-it~ ;u~cr-~nteii. to 52,91? tons, in 1237 ???,1!.1 tons nmre so1.d; thc 12:t~r rcyrprcntcd 77 .E;T pmccnt of the tot,:rl, dr??;ectic and imortcd., haritd US~C in the Cnited State? di7rinz t,hat :.vXr. C,f +he total 193,3:& ton? coy.1~-ed in the United 4 Steter ir. 135, 3E.X percent v;as usec? as groi.z.ld ~rai.te? , "0.3 percent arr lithopone, and 17 .:A ].ercc?t in the rnx 11fact,ure of b;~riim chs:nicals ]

Jan 1, 1938

By R. G. Meara, O&apos

[P.F? bmit e-ninirq ir.3.l r;tq: in the Znited State :; was u~irlyortant p~ior to the Torld ;Jar, ?-.lt with the c~r,sxti~rl of imports d11rln.c thr World 'Jar tke Rmericnn mar~factu~er:. of 1itkopone mcl Sayiun c;~oai?als forced tile tl~veloor?.ent of domertic bar,i$e dqosit9. Pr%~~,n-ily bcca-lse of tho increasing dc.n;;nl'i for lit,hupone3 by the pr?i:~t, Tlocr-covcrin~;, ,md rt1tbe.r indl~stries, ~3c.vs1o~:rnc2t of cto~entic de~onits has cr~ntim~ed to c-cpand. 13 1914, the salnr! oC doxegtic c~l~.dt? t,m-it~ ;u~cr-~nteii. to 52,91? tons, in 1237 ???,1!.1 tons nmre so1.d; thc 12:t~r rcyrprcntcd 77 .E;T pmccnt of the tot,:rl, dr??;ectic and imortcd., haritd US~C in the Cnited State? di7rinz t,hat :.vXr. C,f +he total 193,3:& ton? coy.1~-ed in the United 4 Steter ir. 135, 3E.X percent v;as usec? as groi.z.ld ~rai.te? , "0.3 percent arr lithopone, and 17 .:A ].ercc?t in the rnx 11fact,ure of b;~riim chs:nicals . ]

Jan 1, 1938

By Klaus L. Cappel

In 1972, the Bureau of Mines of the U. S. Department of the Interior commissioned the development and design of a Simulator for research and testing of mine roof supports used in long-wall mining. The purpose of the Simulator is to reproduce forces and displacements of a section of a mine roof in contact with one or more supports. This report is an account of the design process that resulted in the final configuration of the Simulator presented here. It includes discussions of engineering considerations that led to major changes in important details of the Simulator. These changes, however, did not substantially alter the basic design originally proposed, except for the elimination of certain originally-specified features that were adjudged as insufficiently cost-effective by both the Bureau of Mines and the design agent at an intermediate stage of the design.

Jan 1, 1974

By Albert L. Toenges

[sing tho ppsf; few Yomn t!le:.c. hcs beer. p. trqnd away frorn locomotive haulwe of cop2 frorn tile losdiw point to tho prop,nration plant of bitu~i- nnus-cod strip mlncc to a;~to~lzcd. h,71Jlr.:~. The qrostion has arisen rrhethcr this is alwqvs econ~nicd, rxcl the purpcrse or' tnf s investigation is to de- termine, if possible, the econonic limlt for ~~torieod had.we. sing tho ppsf; few Yomn t!le:.c. hcs beer. p. trqnd away frorn locomotive haulwe of cop2 frorn tile losdiw point to tho prop,nration plant of bitu~i- nnus-cod strip mlncc to a;~to~lzcd. h,71Jlr.:~. The qrostion has arisen rrhethcr this is alwqvs econ~nicd, rxcl the purpcrse or' tnf s investigation is to de- termine, if possible, the econonic limlt for ~~torieod had.we.]

Jan 1, 1938

By E. C. Foster

The project objective of this contract is to design, develop, and demonstrate a dust collecting system for auger head miners, used in coal seams 40 inches or less in height, which will reduce respirable dust below the limits established by the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969. This system was to be incorporated into 3 Wilcox Mark 20 continuous miner. In order to accomplish this, the objective was divided in three main areas. First: To develop a dust control system which would remove by isolation, respirable dust from the face area and areas where miners work. Second: To develop a dust scrubbing system to remove and collect float dust before the air reaches the return airway. Third: To reduce the overall noise levels to which the miners are exposed.

Jan 1, 1974

By Clinton C. Knox

Attention of mine operators and engineers in the Picher zinc-lead field has been drawn increasingly in recent years to marginal ore deposits lying at greater than normal depth below surface in the marked structural depressions known as the Miami and Bendelari troughs. Not only mining but prospect and development drilling is relatively costly in the bottoms of the structural depressions known as the. Miami and Bendelari troughs which cross the center of the Picher field. Nevertheless, operations by various mining companies in recent years have shown that no insuperable problems exist, and with the gradual lowering of grade cut-offs throughout the field, certain potential deep-ore areas, previously only partly explored seemed worthy of further investigation. Some such areas were called to the attention of Bureau of Mines engineers by lease holders and operators, while others were noted in the course of Bureau's systematic investigation of Tri-State ore reserves. The writer was assigned to make a study of. those possible "trough extensions," in the course of which all available nine maps, drill logs, and prior reports were assembled. Subsequently 41 churn drill holes were bored by the Bureau in the periods October 1944 to May 1945 and October 1946 to April 1947. The general area under investigation this project is indicated on figure 1, which likewise shows its relation to nearby towns, roads, and railroads. The location of individual deposits included in the report is indicated more clearly on figure 3. Minable ore was found in only two holes, and the structural information procured by drilling was less encouraging than anticipated. This report, however, presents all factual data obtained, in the belief that they may be useful in subsequent prospecting and development projects in the areas investigated. There are also set forth some of the stratigraphic data relative to the Picher field ns a whole and the Miami and Bendelari troughs which were assembled in the preliminary investigation of this project.

Jan 1, 1949

By O. S. North

As recently as the late 1920's there Were few indications that a 15-million-dollar-a-year industry would ever grow out of the mineralogic curiosity vermiculite. Today, it is an important industrial commodity, used primarily as an insulating material and lightweight aggregate, but with a wide range of other applications. The quantity of crude vermiculite produced and used in the United States increased 14-fold in the 17 years between 1935 and 1951. The vermiculite minerals are of secondary origin, formed by hydrothermal alteration of an ultrabasic igneous rock, generally pyroxenite, or by alteration of phlogopite or biotite mica or possibly other similar minerals. According to different authorities, vermiculite may originate either by direct hydrothermel means, by the weathering of biotite or phlogopite, or by a combination of these two agencies. Vermiculites frequently occur at or near the contacts of an acid intrusive rock, especially a pegmatite dike, with a basic or ultrabasic country rock.

Jan 1, 1953

By ALBERT E. HALL, Arno C. Fieldner, Alexander L. Field

As a safeguard against excessive clinker troubles, specifications for the purchase of coal can be drawn to include the "softening" or "fusing" temperature of the ash. The value of such information has been recognized by the Bureau of Mines and has induced the bureau to investigab~ laboratory methods of determining the fUSIbility of coal ash, and the bearing of the results on clinker formation in fuel beds. The bureau realized that the fusibility of a mixture of oxides and silicates snch as is comprised in coal ash ,'aries according to the conditions under which tests are made, and that in the absence of any generally accepted method, no agreement is to be expected among tests made in differ«:-nt laboratories. Indeed, Marks a has recently called attention to differences as great as 3900 C. that were obtained with the same sample of ash by two different laboratories. Therefore if a fusion-temperature clause is to have any place in specifications for coal, a standard m('thod of t('sting should be adopted in order to insure comparable results by different laboratories and to obtain the softening or fusing temperature of the ash unde:'r conditions similar to those of a fuel bed. After a consistent method has been devised for obtaining comparable:' results at different laboratories, there will remain the correlation of these results with those from the burning of coal in furnaces before the value of fusibility tests in coal specifications can hE' finally determined.

Jan 1, 1918

By Milton H. Fies

The dedication of thin building, establishing a station of the U.S. Bureau of vines at the University of Alabama, bristles with significance and challenges the wisdom and courage of the people of this State. Here is united, in common aim, the Engineering School of our State University, recognized for its competency and usefulness, and the Federal Bureau of Mines. The Bureau is one of the most effective arms of our National Government. It outranks in accomplishment, measured by practical scientific contribution, any like governmental organization in all the other nations. It possesses none of the characteristics of many other bureaus of government which have created popular bias. Here is one Bureau devoid of political suggestion or aim with a personnel zealously devoted to labor in scientific re¬search - an organization marked by practical accomplishment, alleviating many of life's burdens, raking easier life's pathway, and unerringly pointing to life's possibilities.

Jan 1, 1936

By Charles J. Cohen, Donald F. Reed

"INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis report supplements a previous report on work done in this same area 4/ but covers only the period from November 1945 to November 1946. The project was established in 1943 to investigate magnetite deposits in the northwestern Adirondacks by geophysical surveying and diamond-drilling for the purpose of increasing iron production in the eastern United States.In its program of investigation of mineral deposits, the primary objective of the Bureau of Mines is the more effective utilization of our mineral resources, that they may make the greatest possible contribution to our national security and economy. The policy of the Bureau is to publish the facts developed by each project as soon as possible after its conclusion. Maps showing the detailed magnetic surveys of the deposits and anomalies discussed in this report are on open file at the offices of the Bureau of Mines, College Park, Md., and at the University of the State of New York in the office of the Director of the State Science Service, Educational Building, Albany, N. Y.The Mining Branch, Lowell B. Moon, chief, conducts preliminary exami¬nations, performs the actual investigations, and prepares the final report. The Metallurgical Branch, Oliver C. Ralston, chief, analyzes samples and performs beneficiation tests.The chemical analyses included in this report were made at the Eastern Experiment Station of the Bureau of Mines at College Park, Md., under, the general supervision of J. B. Zadra, chief, College Park Division, Metallurgical Branch, and the immediate direction of Dr. Alton Gabriel, in charge of the laboratory service unit."

Nov 1, 1947

By G. R. Hopkins

The average gravity of the total crude petroleum produced in the United States during; the year 1927 was 32.2° A. P. I., or 0.864 in terms of specific gravity. A similar study, made by the U. S. Geological Survey in 1921, gave the average gravity at that time as 32.0.° To one who is accustomed to thinking of crude petroleum in terms of Oklahoma-Kansas and North Texas trades it may be surprising that the average gravity for the entire country is no higher than 32.20. The chief reason for this apparent discrepancy lies mainly in California production, which in 1927 amounted to over 25 per cent of the total, but which had an average gravity of only 24.10. A factor of less importance was Arkansas, which, though on the decline as a producing State, exerted a material effect by reason of its average gravity of 21.6°, the lowest for any State. In view of the heavy production of light crude in the Seminole area of Oklahoma during 1927, it would appear that the average gravity should have shown more than a 0.2 per cent gain over 1921. That this did not occur was due to the fact that in the interim between 1921 and 1927 important heavy oil discoveries were redo, notably the Smackover field of Arkansas.

Jan 1, 1929

By C. Richard Groves

As the level of technology applied in the electrical measurement, control, and display portions of mine hoist systems continues to advance, the issues and concerns associated with the ramifications of the application of microprocessor technology on the safety-related aspects of these systems become paramount. This report, in part tutorial, addresses several aspects of these concerns. Beginning with discussions of microprocessor-based system architectures, the report addresses some existing and anticipated uses of this technology in mine hoist systems and discusses safety related considerations associated with the areas of data derivation; control and display panels; and system reliability issues. The report concludes with electrical maintenance and inspection considerations associated with the safety assurance of microprocessor based mine hoist systems.

Jan 1, 1986

By G. M. Kintz

It is estimated that 10,000 lives were lost and $285,000,000 worth of property was destroyed by fire in 1937. Of the 103 fatalities in tie petroleum industry in 1938, 36 resulted from fires and explosions.3/ Everyone can help to prevent the tremendous losses, both in life and property, caused annually by fires and explosions, Forest fires occur every year, in which the tremendously intense heat wave ahead of the flame turns beautiful green trees into blazing torches like so much gasoline, vapor, and jumps over the tops of trees to start fires behind the firs fighters; prairie-grass fires occur, and a farmer in the path of the fire must plow a furrow around his home and outbuildings before the flame reaches them; and frequently automobiles are burned up in filling stations. Persons who have witnessed such sights know better than to throw a lighted match, cigarette, cigar, or hot coal from a pipe out of an automobile or to discard a fire or flame of any type in the forest, in the country, or in the city.

Jan 1, 1941