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By William O. Vanderburg

This paper 3/gives the results of a reconnaissance of mining districts in Clark County, Nev., made from November 18 to December 22, 1936, and from February 9 to March 8, 1937-in all, 63 days. While the field work Was being done, virtually all of the mining districts in the county were visited and many data on active and inactive properties were obtained. The report covers the locations of the various mining districts, the nature of the deposits, information on past operations, current activity, and general data likely to be useful to operators, investors, and others interested in mining. The geology of the deposits is discussed only briefly. The principal metal-mining districts in the county are Goodsprings, Eldorado, and Searchlight. The zinc-lead ores of Goodsprings have been the most important economically, followed by the gold-silver ores of Eldorado and Searchlight. In the industrial-mineral field, gypsum, limestone, silica sand, and borates are the principal products. Metal mining in the county is characterized by numerous small operations and the ores are either milled locally or shipped to distant smelters.

Jan 1, 1937

By Thomas Lane Carter

THE history of mining in South Africa differs somewhat from that of other countries in the part taken by the aborigines in the development ?of the mineral deposits. The Spaniards in America, and the fortune-seekers of Australia and New Zealand, found large numbers of natives in these new countries, but the inhabitants did not become willing or efficient workers ill the mines which the white men started. The Kaffirs of South. Africa have not shown the same antipathy to labor, nor do they show any signs of dying out in the presence of the white man's civilization. They are a virile race, and so far the vices of civilization have not killed. them. While it is true that the brain and skill necessary for the exploitation of the mineral resources of this sub-continent-have been supplied by the white race, it is also a fact that most of the rough labor in the development of the mining industry of South Africa has been done by the Kaffirs. The Kaffir tribes differ greatly in their mental and physical capabilities. Compare, for instance, a Zulu of Natal with a Bechuana, or a Xosa of Cape Colony with some of the degenerate tribes of Central or East Africa, and you will find that they have little in common, save that their skin is black and that they do not believe in clothes. As a general rule, the tribe's in the milder, healthier climates are far superior, both in mind and body, to the Kaffirs brought up in the hot malarial sections of Central Africa; and it naturally follows that the black men from the temperate zones of the country, are much finer workmen than the degenerates from less favorable sections: It is universal in South Africa to speak. of the .Kaffirs as " boys." No matter if he is 90 years old, the Kaffir is always a " boy," and in this paper the word " boy " is synonymous with Kaffir.

Nov 1, 1908

By JOHN LANE DYNAN

HE Tonopah Extension property consisted originally of three claims, with an area of 38 acres. In 1902 a shaft, now known as No. 1, was started near the eastern end of the property, close to the Tonopah Mining Co.'s boundary line, in the. andesite cap rock' which covers the ore-bearing formations in the western end of the Tonopah district. A short distance below the 60-ft. level, the orebodies pinched out, although the veins continued. This shaft has not been used since 1916. Before 1910, the production was small, coming mostly from small shoots of high-grade shipping ore. In that : year, the, company started its 30-stamp mill and cyanide plant; the mill was later enlarged to 50 stamps, with a corresponding increase in the cyanide-plant capacity, which brought the capacity of the mill up to 350 .tons per day. The total production of the mine to Oct. 1, 1920, is 871,177 tons of ore, from which was recovered 15,267,216 oz. of silver and 156,241 oz. of gold.' This makes an average recovery per ton of 17.5 oz. silver and 0.179 oz. gold. The average price received for silver since' the beginning of operations is 65.87 c. per oz., and the average value recovered from the ore-'is $15.25. The area of the property has been gradually increased by purchases and consolidations of adjoining ground until it is now 647 acres. A new shaft, known as No. 2, was started in 1912, 1600 ft. west .of No. 1, and in the following year a crosscut on the 750-ft. level of this shaft resulted in the discovery of the. Murray Vein system, from which the greatest prosperity of the mine has come. This vein, with its related veins,

Jan 1, 1921

Jan 1, 1992

By Benjamin Smith Lyman

PAGE I. ANCIENT HISTORY,........... 57 Accepted Fables ; Babylonian Mapping ; First Surveying. II. COMPASS,.............59 Chinese Invention; Marco Polo; First European Compasses ; Early Knowledge of Variation ; Plotting with the Compass ; Hanging-Com pass ; Supposed Gravitational Error ; Merit of the Compass. 111. Telescope,............63 Origin (Roger Bacon, Porta, Digges, Lippershey, Galileo) ; Improvements (Micrometer and Cross-Hairs, Rittenhouse's First Telescope, Platinum Cross-Wires, Telescopic Sights, Reflecting Telescope, Achromatic Lens, Kellner Lens in Erecting Telescope, Inverting Telescope). IV. Theodolite,.............81 Origin ; Derivation of the Name. V. TranBit,.............86 First Surveying Transit; Edmund Draper. VI. Instrument-Parts,..........89 Ramsdenl a Dividing Engine ; Fineness of Graduation ; Conical Gradua tions ; Full Vertical Circle ; Leveling-Screws ; Shifting Tripod-Heads ; Hoffman-Harden Tripod-Head ; Heller & Brightly's Improvements. VII. OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPLIANCES,......100 Sunflower; Plummet-Lamp; Chains and Tapes. VIII. SCOTT'S TACHYMETER,.........104 IX. Nomenclature and Classification,.......105 Names; Grouping. Surveyors are much indebted to Mr. Scott for so vigorously attacking the subject of the origin and history of mine-surveging instruments, the compass, the telescope, the transit and other apparatus. He is not afraid of the dark, nor yet foolishly bashful in broad daylight. He does not recoil from the obscurities of the earliest times and the most difficult historical points; and, with commendable public spirit, he makes his own invention known to his fellow-workers, and challenges their criticism. He has, moreover, elicited the praiseworthy emula-

Jan 1, 1902

By D. Sprott, P. A. Kirsch, J. Harris, D. Cliff

This paper details the work of RISKGATE, the largest Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) occupational health and safety initiative to date. The program is an interactive online risk management system developed to maximize health and safety performance in the coal mining industry by implementing continuous improvement in managing major unwanted events. The comprehensive knowledge base covers tires, collisions, fires, isolation, strata control underground, ground control open cut, explosions, explosives, manual tasks, and slips/trips/falls. All major Australian coal mining companies contributed topic experts to this broad industry initiative: nine coal mining companies, more than 80 experts, and more than 400 days of individual time for knowledge-capture workshops.

Jan 1, 2014

By LUDWIG VOGELSTEIN

WE are indebted to Mr. Barbour for his valuable contribution to the literature on copper statistics; it is to my knowledge the only intelligent attempt to throw light on a much misunderstood subject. If I should appear to criticize some of his findings and arguments, I do not want to leave the impression that I do not appreciate the article; I think Mr. Barbour has been painstaking, and even where one might not agree with his conclusions, he has opened our eyes and stimulated us in our search for the truth.' It might be well to define the term "secondary copper" and to make a few remarks about the origin and the reasons for the variation of the supply. Mr. Barbour has touched on these points, but not sufficiently to make them clear to those not in the business.

Jan 1, 1931

By Jos. Kalbhenn

PART of the plan of re-allocation evolved by the engineers of the Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation in 1932 to retard the rapid advance of the submarine workings seawards was the opening of Dominion No. 20 Colliery, in the Harbour seam, by a pair of cross-measure tunnels from the workings of an older mine working the Phelan seam, which lies 430 feet below the Harbour seam. The tunnels, 8 ft. by 13 ft. in size, were started away from the old workings of Dominion No. 2 at a point 1.5 miles beyond the shore line and were driven on a rising grade of 1 per cent for a distance of 5,335 feet, tapping the Harbour seam at a point 2 ¼ miles off-shore. For transportation and ventilation, shafts and roadways already existing in the Phelan seam were made use of during the stages of development and up to the present time. One of the two tunnels served as a main haulage road and an intake airway, and the other as a return airway and travelling road. However, as the workings of this new colliery expanded, the need for additional airways arose as was anticipated when the plans for the development were formulated. To meet this need, work was started on October 1st, 1942, to establish a new opening between Nos. 2 and 20 Collieries in the form of a vertical shaft to provide a passageway for the ventilating air current of some 250,000 cubic feet per minute on its return to the upcast shafts in No. 2 Colliery, thus making both tunnels available for intake airways. In the interest of safety, speed, and economy, the shaft was raised from the Phelan to the Harbour seam. It is 20 ft. by 12 ft. in size and, with the exception of three timbered compartments across the narrow end, is untimbered. One of the three timbered compartments housed the ventilating tubing and pipe lines, the centre one served as a cage-way for hoisting men and material during the operation of raising, and the third one contained a ladder way. The rest of the shaft was filled with debris during the period of shaft raising.

Jan 1, 1944

By Janet Torma-Krajewski

Research has shown that an ergonomics process that identifies risk factors, devises solutions to reduce musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), and evaluates the effectiveness of the solutions can lower worker exposure to risk factors and MSDs and improve productivity. A review of the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury/illness database indicated that 46% of illnesses in 2004 were associated with repetitive trauma and 35% of nonfatal lost days involved material handling during 2001? 2004. Even though these statistics show that MSDs significantly contribute to occupational illnesses and injuries in the U.S. mining industry, few mining companies have implemented an ergonomics process. Despite the many unique challenges in the mining environment, three mining companies partnered with the MSD Prevention Team at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health?s Pittsburgh Research Laboratory to demonstrate that an ergonomics process could be systematically implemented and effectively integrated with existing safety and health programs. Because these three mining companies were very different in organization, culture, and size, the ergonomics processes had to be modified to meet the needs of each company. A description of how these three companies applied ergonomics and the tools and training used to implement their processes is given. Prior to discussing the case studies, general information on the elements of an ergonomics process is provided.

Feb 1, 2009

Mechanism Responsible for Flocculation in Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) Temperature Responsive Dewatering - Attractive Interaction Forces Induced by Surface Hydrophobicity

Sep 13, 2010

By Paúl A. Mulcey

El presente texto revela un informe realizado por el Banco Minero del Perú, donde se investigan las posibles aplicaciones domésticas para la antracita peruana, como las vías adecuadas a la preparación de un programa de estudios en la utilización de combustibles. Entre las aplicaciones industriales de este mineral están las fábricas de cemento, las refinerías de azúcar, las fábricas de vidrio, refractarios, ladrillos, cerámica y fundiciones. De las aplicaciones proyectadas tenemos las de gas de síntesis, plantas de energía y las plantas de laminación. En cuanto los estudios en combustión y aplicaciones, están lo de briqueteo y peletización; los aglutinantes de briquetas, secado y reccocción; y finalmente dentro de los de combustión, está el combustible para la exportación.

Jul 20, 1956

By K. P. Wang

Mining and metallurgy have had a long history in China, and resources there have always been considered promising. Under the People's Republic of China (PRC), a remarkable industrial renaissance is underway that should further gain momentum in the years ahead. Rapid development of minerals have not only brought the PRC prominence in industrialization, but also in world affairs. Chinese mineral developments, especially petroleum, have been increasingly in the news. Oil and gas may have great potential, but a very large coal industry is already in existence. The steel industry ranks fifth or sixth in the world. The PRC is also prominent in fertilizer, cement, and salt production. The export metals are well known. Also, the country is buying heavily in nonferrous base metals. The need to know and the intense interest in the subject have prompted this study. The world significance of Chinese minerals is pointed out. The history of growth and PRC's mineral supply position are reviewed. Evaluations are made of policy considerations and regional and technical factors affecting mineral development. PRC's mineral trade and efforts to obtain equipment, supplies, and know-how are assessed. Specific reviews are made of major mineral sectors, including coal and power, oil and gas, iron and steel, nonferrous metals, industrial minerals, and fertilizers and chemicals. The overall outlook is summarized.

Jan 1, 1975

By Orlando Martino

This regional report covers the mineral industries of Canada and 40 countries and areas in Latin America and the Caribbean Basin. Also included is a brief description of the mineral potential of Antarctica. The Latin American region encompasses an area twice that of the United States. Latin America and Canada have a rich and diversified endowment of mineral fuels, metals, and industrial minerals. Tables 2 and 3 provide a summary view of the importance of Latin America and Canada's output of its major mineral commodities in world mineral supply in 1989 and 1990.

Jan 1, 1993

By W. K. Coughlan

The Wabana deposit of Dosco Industries Limited is situated on the east coast of Newfoundland, at Bell Island in Conception Bay. It is a Clinton-type iron-formation of Lower Ordovician age. Five separate beds have been recognized, with others noted locally. Economic production has been obtained from the Lower, Middle and Upper beds, which are second, third and fifth in sequence, al-though at present only the Lower Bed is worked. The potential area of occurrence is about 70 square miles. It i;; bounded by major faults to the north, east and west and truncated by erosion at the south, where rocks of the de-posit crop out on the north side of the island. The iron is contained in oolitic hematite and chamosite, with minor siderite. As the deposit is submarine, conventional exploration methods are not applicable and much interpretation and projection from mined areas is necessary to guide exploration and development. With the interpretation of information from existing mined ores, it is possible, using a minimum of diamond drilling in advance of working faces, to maintain adequate ore reserves.

Jan 1, 1966

By D. A. Larson

The Bureau of Mines conducted basic experiments to study the process of crack propagation with a wedge indenter. The work was conducted under plane stress conditions in a hard, brittle limestone. The purpose of these experiments was to first gain an understanding of the basic crack propagation process under a sharp indenter, and second, to determine how the crack propagation process could be used to improve mechanical fragmentation systems. Three methods of rock fracture with the wedge indenter were investigated in this program. These were the confined indentation tests, the unconfined splitting tests, and the edge chipping tests. The confined indention tests represent worst case conditions for crack growth and formed the lower bound on fracture efficiency. The unconfined splitting tests represented best case conditions and fixed the upper bound of fracture efficiency. The edge chipping tests represented an idealized fragmentation process based exclusively upon the highly efficient fracture propagation process. Edge chipping achieved a specific energy of 25 in lb f/in3 compared to conventional drag cutters, which required a specific energy of at least 2,385 in·lb f/in3? Thus edge chipping is up to 100 times more efficient than conventional drag cutting. Because of these promising results, more work is planned with the fracture propagation process in three dimensions.

Jan 1, 1987

By P. Nicholls

Though the burning of fuels extends far back into antiquity, and though fuel beds are the most common and widely distributed example of chemical actions and engineering practice, there has been little attempt to group fuel beds by types or to define the principles associated with them. This paper does not profess to cover completely the subject of fuel beds. It suggests some of the over-all principles of the two more common types. No new investigational data are included, but the deductions are largely based on a recent publication of the U.S. Bureau of Mines'. Definition of Types There are three primary types of fuel beds: (I) Underfeed, in which the fuel and the air move in the same direction; (2) overfeed, in which the fuel and the air move in opposite directions; (3) crossfeed, in which the fuel and the air move at right angles to each other. The principle that fixes the type is the relation between directions of the flow of fuel and of air. Fig. 1 shows the three types diagrammatically. All other types are compounded of these three in a simple or more or less complex manner. It does not follow that these three type designations are limited to the methods used in representing them in Fig. 1; they may be turned in any direction, and as long as the relative directions of the fuel and air are the same the type is not changed. For example, A as shown .resembles a pot-type stoker, but the air and fuel can move downward as in the so-called smokeless heating boiler furnace. Also, C can be placed horizontal, as in chain-grate stokers. For this reason, the terms used to designate the three types are not all that could be desired; more logical ones could be coined, but those used probably are satisfactory until the discussion of fuel-bed types becomes more common.

Jan 1, 1936

By P. Nicholls

Though the burning of fuels extends far back into antiquity, and though fuel beds are the most common and widely distributed example of chemical actions and engineering practice, there has been little attempt to group fuel beds by types or to define the principles associated with them. This paper does not profess to cover completely the subject of fuel beds. It suggests some of the over-all principles of the two more common types. No new investigational data are included, but the deductions are largely based on a recent publication of the U.S. Bureau of Mines'. Definition of Types There are three primary types of fuel beds: (I) Underfeed, in which the fuel and the air move in the same direction; (2) overfeed, in which the fuel and the air move in opposite directions; (3) crossfeed, in which the fuel and the air move at right angles to each other. The principle that fixes the type is the relation between directions of the flow of fuel and of air. Fig. 1 shows the three types diagrammatically. All other types are compounded of these three in a simple or more or less complex manner. It does not follow that these three type designations are limited to the methods used in representing them in Fig. 1; they may be turned in any direction, and as long as the relative directions of the fuel and air are the same the type is not changed. For example, A as shown .resembles a pot-type stoker, but the air and fuel can move downward as in the so-called smokeless heating boiler furnace. Also, C can be placed horizontal, as in chain-grate stokers. For this reason, the terms used to designate the three types are not all that could be desired; more logical ones could be coined, but those used probably are satisfactory until the discussion of fuel-bed types becomes more common.

Jan 1, 1936

By J. Yianatos

The collection zone residence time distribution (RTD) of mechanical self-aerated flotation cells was characterized for liquid and solid per size class (-45 mm, +45-150 mm and +150 mm). It was found that a single large industrial cell with a volume of 130 to 250 m3, now used in plant operations, can be well represented by an LTST (large and small tank-in-series) model plus dead time. From a scale-up point of view, results showed a similar mixing behavior for industrial cells ranging from 130 to 250 m3. Also, single mechanical cells showed a similar mixing pattern (RTD) when compared to large pneumatic flotation columns. It was confirmed that for practical purposes, the mixing condition in a flotation bank of three or more cells in series can be well described by the classical N tanks-in-series model.

Jan 1, 2008

By Jay Nopola, Christopher Johnson, Matthew Minnick, Erik Hemstad, Erik Walega

Mining data collection, storage, and interpretation methods have progressively changed over time. Data collection, for the most part, has transitioned from handwritten notes and logs based on manual gauge readings to real-time data streaming through instrumentation capable of directly communicating with site-based data historians or cloud storage. Data collection and storage have had to adjust commensurately with the volume of data, leading to more complex database architecture. Geoscience interpretation methods have also changed; however, the first goals of modeling and understandings from first principles remain the same and are typically deeply rooted in historical academic work. Machine learning methods are becoming more common, available, and implemented by industry and practitioners. Despite the wide accessibility of machine learning methods, the population of geoscience subject matter experts in the underlying theory of this analysis type is limited. This form of analysis, therefore, must be conducted carefully and in conjunction with subject matter experts, on both machine learning theory and the field it is being applied to. This paper aims to provide background history on data analytics and machine learning, current methods and practices, and high-level geoscience case study examples, as well as take aways regarding the mining industry, potential pitfalls specific to geosciences, and possible perspectives on the direction of artificial intelligence in the future.

Jun 25, 2023

[RALPH ADAIR Ore Dressing Consultant Bull Mtn. Rd., Asheville, N. C. Phone 4-1693 JAMES A. BARR Consulting Engineer Mt. Pleasant, Tennessee Washington, D.C. BEHRE DOLBEAR & COMPANY Consulting Mining Engineers and Geologists 11 Broadway New York 4, N. Y. I. R. BERENT Engineering Consultants and Contractors Mineral Exploration, Mine Evaluation, Mine Designs, and Mine Management 156, Ataturk Bulvari-Ankara, Turkey BLANDFORD C. BURGESS Registered Professional Engineer Mining Consultant Monticello, Georgia GLENVILLE A. COLLINS Mining Engineer Uranium examinations Cable "Coins" 210 La Arcada Bldg. Santa Barbara, Calif.]

Jan 1, 1952