Search Documents

By G. C. RIDDELL

THE metallurgist, chemist, and physicist are blazing trails that lead far afield. Pushing on into an "Alloy Age" they see a non-ferrous era over- taking iron and steel. Delving into the nature of the physical world, they break down a supposedly indivisible element, hydrogen. Not content with terrestrial problems, they peer back along the cosmic ray into iaterstellar space, glimpsing forces that are, apparently, still busy with the task of atom-making. Mastering and organizing the material and physical, they advance steadily toward that borderland of science where the concept of matter itself seems abandoned, and force is the substance left.

Jan 1, 1930

By S. C. Dhara

A process of solvent extraction and separation of platinum group metals (PGM) and gold using primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary organic amines has been briefly described. The effects of amine structures; the use of diluents; the principle of synergism and antisynergism in the mixed extractants; the oxidation states of metal ions are explained in the amine extraction process of precious metals.

Jan 1, 1984

By Richard McCaffery

CONTENTS PAGE 1. Research on Blast-furnace Slags (A Progress Report). By Richard S. McCaffery 5 2. Determination of Viscosity of Iron Blast-furnace Slags. By Richard S. McCaffery, Clarence H. Lorig, Ira N. Goff, Joseph F. Oesterle and Oscar O. Fritsche 27 3. Effect of Magnesia on Slag Viscosity. By Richard S. McCaffery, Joseph F. Oesterle and Oscar O. Fritsche 55

Jan 1, 1931

By C. H. Burgess

ON June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall in a speech at Harvard University outlined a plan for the economic recovery of Europe. The plan contemplated that the United States should provide assistance which would enable the European nations better to help themselves and to help each other to reconstitute from their war-torn lands conditions which would make possible decent standards of living.

Jan 1, 1950

As reported in Drift last month demolition of old buildings on the 47th St. site has been completed, and detailed plans and studies for the new structure are well underway. As this issue was being sent to press the $5 million industry- business phase of the fund campaign had passed the half- way mark toward its goal. Target date for the building program is 1960.

Jan 5, 1958

By R. W. Heckel

The densification of molybdenum powder by hot pressing has been studied as a function of time (up to about 3 x 104 sec) at pressures of 5000, 15,000, and 30,000 psi in the temperature range from 3700o to 1200°C. Excluding results below 2 to 5 x 10 sec, the density (D) - pressure (P) - time (t) data followed the general form:

Jan 1, 1965

[MINING AND EXPLORATION DIVISION Established as Mining, Geology and Geophysics Division, Sept. 27, 1949 Name changed February 19, 1958. Lyman H. Hart, Chairman Robert J. Lacy, Assistant Chairman Vice Chairmen: John C. Wangaard, Membership J. M. Ehrhorn, Program John G. Hall, Publications C. E. Nelson, Secretary American, Smelting and Refining Co. 120 Broadway New York 5, New York Editor, Rock-in-the-Box: J. W. Chandler.]

Jan 1, 1961

By E. J. Haug, K. L. Clifford, K. L. Purdy

St. Joe’s Minerals Corp.’s Southeast Missouri Mining and Milling Division produces lead, zinc and copper sulfide concentrates at three of its operations. The Viburnum and Fletcher mills have been described in previous papers. The new Bushy Creek mill, dedicated in May of 1973, is an updated version of the Fletcher mill incorporating 8.5m3 (300 cu ft) lead and zinc

Jan 1, 1980

By ROBERT E. CROCKETT

MAGNETITE mining and milling in New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania continued to remain comparatively inactive during 1933, owing to the low rate of output of the steel industry and also to unrestricted importation of foreign ores. However, some improvement over conditions existing in 1932 was noticeable, particularly in New Jersey, where one plant, that of the Washington mine of the Alan Wood Mining Co., at Oxford, went on full production in August. At Lyon Mountain, N. Y., the Chateaugay Ore and Iron Co. resumed mining and milling operations in October, on a reduced scale, principally to provide employment during the winter months. The Chateaugay company produces a special low-phosphorus pig iron. During the year they obtained a contract to supply their product for use in the manufacture of the suspension cables of the New. Golden Gate Bridge.

Jan 1, 1934

By Henry D. Hibbard

A NOTED ordnance engineer once said to a friend, in speaking of the production of great steel guns, "How is it? We design our guns with a factor of safety of eight, and the guns burst." The vague way in which internal stresses and strains in iron and steel are often considered and spoken of makes it worth-while to examine them, as to their nature, their causes and results, how they may, for useful purposes, be advantageously dealt with, and how, when detrimental or dangerous, they may be reduced or kept within harmless proportions. Rankine defines ?strain " as a change of form or dimensions of a solid or liquid mass produced by a stress. This definition seems not intended to cover strains due to internal stresses, and it will help us in the present inquiry to consider strain as a tendency to change as well as an actual change of form. Internal strains in iron and steel are the result of stresses within the mass of the piece, some parts pulling and others pushing in resistance to them; or, in other words, some parts are in tension and some in compression, each part striving to relieve itself from strain and make the piece assume a form in which all parts are at rest. Subdivision, so that each part could relieve its strain by motion relative to the other parts, would, if carried out far enough, practically obliterate strain. The internal strains we are now to consider are not those due to the stresses of the service which the piece is rendering, either alone or as, a part of a structure, which may be termed service-strains, but those which originate or at least are contained in the piece itself. Internal stresses in a piece of metal are, like action and reaction, always equal and in opposite directions. The stresses

Sep 1, 1906

By J. J. Foster

MOST of us will, I think, agree that never before in the history of the coal industry has the human side of our business been so important as today. Since, even in wholly mechanized mining, labor cost is such a large percentage of out total cost we are all deeply concerned not only about the present attitude of our employees but particularly about the future, when the industry returns to a "survival of the fittest" basis. Many things could and should be done about our employee relations in the coal business. Failure to recognize these obligations and do something about them may lead to serious consequences, the least serious of which will be the loss not only of many of our better employees but a large portion of our potential employees, as they graduate from our schools to other in¬dustries. Some of these things should be handled by the industry as a whole whereas others should be done by individual companies. Due to varying conditions and size of organizations it would, at best, be necessary to vary a program to meet the individual needs of each operator.

Jan 1, 1945

A discussion of the paper by Mr. Campbell, which was read by title at the Lake Superior meeting, but first presented at the New York meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute, October, 1904 (see p. 772). These papers are here published onder a mutual agreement between the Councils of the two Institutes, and will also be found in the Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute for the year 1901, vol. ii. Mr. William R. Webster, Philadelphia, Pa., said: We are under great obligation to Mr. Campbell for his exhaustive investigation, and the results he has put before us to-day. They are the most conlplete series of tests that have ever been made, where all the conditions of rolling, etc., were kept uniform. In discussing Mr. Campbell's first investigations, I claimed first, that the method of least squares, then used, would of necessity only gire the average value of any element, and that if the effect of any element was greater in the presence of high carbon than with low carbon this would not be shown by the method of least squares. Secondly, that the effect of manga nese should be considered on acid steel as well as on basic steel, instead of ignoring all the eff'ect of that element when it was below 0.60 per cent., as was then recommended by Mr. Campbell. I am pleased to note that the results of his present investigation confirm my views on these points. In presenting the results of his first investigation, Mr. Campbell referred to my investigation of 1893-94, and took exception to the value of phosphorus varying (depending on the amount of carbon present) from 800 to 1,500 lb. for each 0.01 per cent. He claimed that one might just as well consider the effect of phosphorus as being constant, and of carbon varying. I refer to this, as he now has introduced very similar conditions in his present tables, in that he gives variable values for manganese (depending on the amount of carbon present) for both acid and basic' steels. Can we now say, with more certainty than formerly, which element should be considered as haviup a constant effect ? There is one other point that I took up in my former discus-

Jan 1, 1905

By G. H. Cutter

SAFETY in mining depends on wire rope to as great, if not greater, extent than in any other industry. Sudden failure of a shaft-hoist rope might easily result in death or serious injury to the operators and workmen, extensive damage to expensive equipment, and a loss in production while repairs are being made. A wire rope is only as good as its component parts. It must be made from wire properly drawn and treated. It must be fabricated on machines large enough and capable of imparting the necessary qualities to meet the stringent service conditions. However, unless the fundamental requirement of good ropemaking is recognized, all other operations, no matter how carefully performed, will not impart reliability and quality to the product. This fundamental requirement is steel that is homogeneous, of high resistance to fatigue, and of a type suitable for rope wire. Most wire-rope manufacturers agree that rope wire should be made from acid-open-hearth steel. It is comparatively easy to meet the same physical properties with basic steel, but such properties are only part of the requirements for good wire. It is absolutely necessary, particularly for rope service such as mining, where reliability is essential, that the wire be uniform throughout its entire length. Most manufacturers feel that this highly important requirement is better met by acid-open-hearth steel.

Jan 1, 1936

By Gordon S. Duncan

(New York Meeting, February, 1912 THE U. S. Geological Survey, I believe, has almost completed a study of the Harney Peak quadrangle, preliminary to the publication of a report on that, district. As I was engaged for some months on an investigation of the mode of occurrence of the ore-bearing formation in this area, it has seemed to me timely to make public the results of my study, as a contribution to the consideration of this subject. It seems scarcely necessary to describe the locality and general geology of the Black hills of South Dakota, for since 1846 many have contributed information concerning this region, some of the reports bearing such well-known names as those of Walter P. Jenney, Henry Newton, S. F. Emmons, and C. R. Van Hise, while we have only to glance at Bulletin No. 4 of the South Dakota School of Mines, in which Prof. C. C. O'Harra, of that institution, has given us a bibliography of contributions to the geography and geology of the section, to find that other well-known men have studied the district, and have given us the benefit of their researches. The U. S. Geological Survey has made geological maps of nearly the whole of the Black hills, the only quadrangle yet to be completed being, as stated, the Harney Peak district. During the late summer and autnmn of 1910, it was my lot to examine and report. on a considerable area in this neighborhood, which once had been prospected, and in some cases exploited, for tin. This paper gives an account of certain geological phenomena, noted at that time, which greatly influenced my conclnsions. The predominating formation of the district is pre-Cambrian, represented by a highly-cleaved mica-schist, usually very garnetiferous, and sometimes hornblendic. Rising like an island from the surrounding schist is a large mass of granite, known as

Jul 1, 1912

By R. D. Parker

LARGEST of any hoist installation ever manufactured in Canada is that being erected at No. 5 shaft, Creighton mine, of the Inter- national Nickel Company of Canada, Limited. It is a bicylindrical conical- drum hoist with the drums arranged in tandem, and driven by two direct- current motors through single reduction gearing. This hoist was designed by the Canadian Allis-Chalmers, Limited and manufactured at their works in Lachine, Quebec.

Jan 1, 1936

By E. R. Kaiser

ACTIVITY on long-range and on immediate wartime problems shared the attention of specialists in coal research during 1943. Programs of the principal coal laboratories were more adequately financed than in previous years, but all reported shortages of technical personnel. Expansion in coal research in the year to come will depend primarily on the availability of qualified research talent.

Jan 1, 1944

By Eugene McAuliffe

THE heavy shrinkage in the production of bituminous coal has reflected adversely in the matter of tonnage produced by stripping arid mechanical loading machinery. The purchase of stripping and underground loading equipment has likewise been circumscribed. How- .ever a growing percentage of bituminous coal is being loaded by stripping and mechanical loading machinery. This situation is due to the fact that numerous strip pits were able to operate in Illinois and Indiana when under- cover mines were subjected to labor interference, a further advantage gained by their ability to produce and market coal at a price below that of the undercover mines. The mines equipped with mechanical loading. apparatus have enjoyed more continued operation for the double reason that the companies using coal-loading machinery are, generally speaking, more substantial and in better financial condition than many of the smaller properties who maintain hand-loading methods, and the market advantage due to lower production costs also reflects to the advantage of the undercover mines using mechanical loading equipment. Where a number of mines are con- trolled by one company, those not equipped with loading machinery and suffering from higher producing costs have often been closed, with the available tonnage concentrated in the more modernly equipped mines.

Jan 1, 1933

By G. B. Sazuyer

DEVELOPMENTS respecting beryllium during the past year have been sufficient to center attention on it as likely to be the most important of any of the chemical elements that have recently found a place for themselves in technical industry. This importance is only potential, however, largely because adequate supplies of beryllium ore will be necessary. The beryllium industry will be only as great as the mines which support it. To find and develop large mines will be the problem. Chief of the immediate commercial developments in the United States is beryllium-copper and its espousal by Anaconda and Riverside even at present high prices. According to the pamphlets of these companies, it ap¬pears that beryllium is to copper nearly what carbon is to iron. When one considers that the tensile strength of pure copper is about 33,000 lb. per sq. in., but that the addition of 1.5 to 2.5 per cent of beryllium produces a heat-treatable alloy with a maximum tensile strength of 220,000 lb. or over, the analogy to carbon and iron is made strikingly, clear. Striking among the properties of beryllium-copper is its resistance to fatigue, claimed to be equal or superior to that of spring steel. It needs little imagination to foresee a great industry for this alloy alone.

Jan 1, 1934

By Donald McLaughlin

INCREASING variety of interests among mining geologists is becoming more and more marked, as the frontier of their science and of its applications continues to expand. Each of the traditional lines of inquiry provides its crop of new and better defined problems, and answers to them are being found in far more precise terms than in the past as older uncertainties .are swept away with the sharper techniques and the even sharper ideas of modern geology. A glance over the assemblage of projects and publications in 1939 reveals conspicuous activity in many different parts of the front, such as the attack on the controversial question of the acid or alkaline character of ore-forming solutions, the place of mineral districts in the larger structural framework of continents, and the place of ore shoots in the local patterns of districts. Instructive comparisons are being made which cut across lines of older correlations or which reinforce them by pointing out heretofore ne-

Jan 1, 1940

By Edward H. Robie

PONCA CITY proved an ideal selection as a place of meeting for the Petroleum Division this fall. The accommodations at the Conoco Club were just what was required for such a gathering; the committee having the arrangements in charge functioned with the efficiency of veterans and the enthusiasm of neophytes; and the members and guests followed the speakers with close attention, entered the subsequent discussions with gusto, and divulged the "low-down" at private conferences. No one minded the drizzling rain on the first day, which only served to keep up the attendance in the auditorium; the weather then cleared up in time for a group picture before the gathering went their separate ways.

Jan 1, 1932