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By H. M. Yang

Structural alteration of pyrophyllite during mechanical activation in a planetary mill was investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Mechanochemical effect markedly promotes the decrease in reflection intensities with increasing the grinding time. Prolonged grinding causes the pyrophyllite to become the amorphous structure. It can be indicated that pyrophyllite is very susceptible to alteration by grinding. Crystal size (d006) of pyrophyllite appears to be a limit after 2h grinding. IR spectroscopy analysis shows a little alteration in the bands of pyrophyllite after mechanical activation. The results indicate that the ordered structure of pyrophyllite is destroyed and lattice deformation occurs. Porous silica was then successfully prepared via leaching the mechanically activated pyrophyllite. Pyrophyllite was first ground for 6 h. Ground samples were subsequently leached with 4 M hy-drochloric acid at 80 °C for 2 h to produce porous silica with specific surface area of 188.1 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.18 mL/g and average pore size of 3.9 nm from N2 adsorption analysis. Otherwise, the porous silica obtained from direct leaching of the original pyrophyllite only has a specific surface area of 4.3 m adsorption analysis. 2/g and total pore volume of 0.03 mL/g. It is inferred that grinding is favorable for the formation of microstructure pores. It offers a simple and convenient route for the preparation of porous materials from natural minerals.

Jan 1, 2014

By J. Y. ` Xie

The paper introduced bio-oxidation plants of refractory gold concentrate in China and CCGRI cultures. CCGRI cultures are composed of bacteria and archaea. Archaea Ferroplasma acidiphilum is very thick and fills whole mineral surface. It plays a more dominant role in CCGRI process. Several years of practice has proved that the operating temperature in bioreactors between 38~52?,gold recovery is almost same. Pulp concentration has been increased each year and reached to 25%.

Jan 1, 2014

During incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), various environmentally harmful elements and heavy metals are liberated partly into bottom ash, and partly carried away with the off-gases and subsequently trapped in fly-ash. If these waste incineration residues are not properly processed and immobilized, it can lead to secondary environmental pollution to the air, soil and water. The stricter environmental regulations require a higher immobilization efficiency of the waste incineration residues, which is the main objective of the present cooperation research. Within the present project, a systematic scientific research on various MSWI residues has been carried out, including sampling, low or high temperature processing and leaching tests. In the present paper, the major results have been summarized. The research results reveal that through appropriate combined pre-processing and high temperature vitrification, the bottom ash and fly ash can be efficiently stabilized. The results achieved provide a valuable alternative route to treat the solid residues from incinerators, and to make efficient recycling and safe utilization possible.

Jan 1, 2014

By Ali Dehghani Ahmadabadi

Gravity separation technique is widely used in mineral beneficiation practices for its low cost, ease of operation, and eco-friendly nature. The most commonly used gravity methods for beneficiation of iron ores are shaking table, jig and spiral methods which aren't very effective for iron mineral fines. Multi-Gravity Separator (MGS) is suitable for the treatment of fines with a maximum particle size of approximately 500 µm. This study was performed on a low-grade haematite iron ore from Chadormalutailing dams. Detailed mineralogical, physical and chemical characteristics of a goethiticlateritic iron ore showed that the sample contained porous and friable oxides and hydroxides of iron. The ore sample had a feed grade of 35% Fe, 1.1% FeO, 15.5% SiO2 and 8.5% Al2O3. Haematite and goethite are the main iron-bearing minerals while quartzite and kaolinite are the major gangue mineral constituents. In this paper, the statistical evaluation and optimization of grade and recovery using a factorial design of experiment (DOE) method has been carried out for Chadormalulow grade ultra-fine haematite tailings with MGS. The input process parameters considered are drum speed, tilt angle, wash water flow rate and pulp density. The results show considerable improvements in both the quality characteristics such as grade and recovery with statistical evaluation and optimization, compared to the initial value of grade and recovery. Keywords: multi-gravity separator, mgs, statistical evaluation, optimization, haematite

Sep 1, 2012

By Ji Hoe Kwon

Hindered-settling column process has been used for the separation of mineral particles for many years. In this study, a model based on DEM (Discrete Element Method) was used to simulate the movements of particles in a settling column separation process. DEM model is capable of describing the motion of particles and calculating the impact forces between particle and particle, and particle and wall contact under various operating conditions. Drag force, rotation induced Magnus lift force, contact force and the gravitational force acting on individual particles were considered for establishing the mathematic models. The overall motion of the particles in water is satisfactorily simulated by the DEM, and the result shows good agreements with the result of lap-scale experiment.

Jan 1, 2014

By J. Menuge, G. Barker

"Liberation (QEM-SCAN) and surface chemical (time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry -ToF-SIMS) analyses have been undertaken on plant Pb circuit flotation samples with the aim of defining the factors resulting in sub-optimal recovery. Lead flotation circuit feed, cleaner concentrate and tails samples were examined on a size-by-size basis using QEM-SCAN. Sulfide minerals accounted for approximately one third of the flotation feed with pyrite making up 16 wt.%, followed by sphalerite (13 wt.%) and galena (3 wt.%). Non-sulfide gangue minerals comprised calcium carbonates calcite (26 wt.%), dolomite (14 wt.%) with quartz, feldspars and barite all contributing > 5 wt.%. QEM-SCAN analysis indicated that liberation was not the primary cause of the poor flotation response. Principal component analysis was applied to the ToF-SIMS data derived from five samples (as for QEM-SCAN plus rougher concentrate and tails) to enable identification of correlated surface chemical components. Although a significant range of correlations were observed we focus here on those that show a discernible pattern throughout the float circuit. It was found that for the flotation feed the surface of galena were largely obscured but where Pb was observed there was a strong correlation to surface Fe. For the rougher and cleaner concentrates the galena surfaces were relatively clean with no correlation to Fe for the rougher concentrate and minor correlation in the cleaner concentrate. However, in the rougher and cleaner tails the clear correlation of galena with Fe was again apparent. These results suggest, in combination with prior studies of pyrite morphology, that the principal factor effecting grade is the rapid oxidation of the framboidal pyrite resulting in the contamination of the galena surface with a high loading of hydrophilic oxidised Fe species, thus depressing flotation."

Jan 1, 2014

By Xiaoxu Sun, Jianchao Yao, Jiancheng He, Shijie Lu, Hongxi Zhou

"With the trend of increasingly more mineral resources turning low-grade and refractory, more and more new ore bodies being developed worldwide are more finely grained, which drives the rapidly development and application of techniques related to tower mills (vertical spiral stirred mills). However, the lacking in fundamentals of fine grinding, as well as standard procedures for equipment selection and scale up, seriously restraint high efficient application of tower mills. Taking grinding media motion characteristic and grinding intensity as a breakthrough point, this paper studies mechanisms behind how critical parameters affect grinding efficiency of tower mill, including ratio of screw pitch and diameter, agitator rotation speed, grinding media size. Several sets of orthogonal test are conducted on the quartz ore using the grinding system of KLM-3 tower mill. All the tests are under the same character of feeding mineral and undergo the consistent sampling for at least 60min grinding time. The input power is measured by a torque measurement system and the grinding products are analyzed by the laser particle size analyzer. The test results show the influence of parameters on grinding efficiency. Among the three important parameters, the effect of grinding media diameter is the biggest, followed by the agitator tip speed, and finally the ratio of screw pitch and diameter. For the different particle size of grinding products, the best combination of grinding parameters is different, with the mineral size becoming finer, the ratio of screw pitch and diameter become smaller, the diameter of grinding media become smaller, while the agitator tip speed does not change too much. The conclusions of the study help us to improve the grinding efficiency of the tower mill, to assist in the selection and optimization of working parameters, establish new scale up method on the basis of grinding model and eventually provide theoretical basis of rational selections of structural and media physical parameters within tower mill."

Jan 1, 2018

By M. Chettibi

The interaction and galena flotation with xanthenes and dexanthogen regularities have been de-fined. So, using thermodynamic method of analysis, the thermodynamic stability of [galena - xanthenes - water] system and the behavior of lead xanthenes surface state in solution were devised. Thus, results of cared out calculations and experimental investigation completely coincide with-out depending on witch product of sulfur oxidation is formed in the solution. In additional, was obtained quantitative physico-chemical models for the necessary xanthenes concentration of lead sul-fide complete flotation in the tuning fork of: at ?? values from 7.0 up to 9.0 (or at the formation of lead carbonate PbCO3 ) and at ?? values from 9.0 up to 12 (or at the formation of lead hydro carbonate Pb3(OH)2(CO3)2 Physico-chemical models derived can be used as the criteria for functional units of automation systems to control and regulate the flotation process in mineral processing plants.

Jan 1, 2014

By V. A. Chanturiya

The results of development of new collecting reagents selectively interacting with the metals of platinum group (MPG) are presented. A new approach to the concentration of the platinum minerals from the fine grade platinum containing products with the use of cloud point polymers for the first time proposed for this purpose is discussed. An original method for the investigation of complexing reagents with the platinum under flotation conditions developed by authors is described. The influence of the complexing reagents on the xanthate adsorption and on the electrochemical properties of the platinum arsenide surface (sperrylite) as well with the interaction mechanism between the reagent and metallic platinum were investigated by means of the modern physical and physicochemical methods of the solid and fluid phase studies. The results of tests of some complexing reagents with the rich copper-nickel ore in the cycle of nickel-pyrrhotite flotation are given. The data obtained makes it possible to mark the complexing reagent containing phosphine group as the most effective additional collector for MPG. Cloud point polymers containing thioamide, aminosulphide, and phosphine functional groups were examined. It is shown that all the reagents tested increase the platinum and palladium extraction to the nickel-pyrrhotite concentrate without quality loss. Platinum containing particles flocculate selectively.

Jan 1, 2014

The ultimate goal of a mineral processing plant is to recover as much of the target mineral(s) as possible from the ore being treated to achieve the best economics. Selection of the mineral processing techniques is the most important step in achieving this goal. However, due to the complexity of the ore, the recoveries of valuable minerals may be not satisfactory even when the mineral processing technique(s) are well chosen. In other words, minerals of interest can be lost to the tailings for mineralogical reasons. For example, gold is mainly extracted from the ore by gravity, flotation, cyanidation, or a combination of these processes, and high recovery (>90%) can be achieved when gold occurs as coarse grains. However, when a refractory ore is being processed, gold extraction will be challenged by mineralogical factors, which often cause gold losses to various tailings. Mineralogical factors affecting gold recovery mainly include grain size, shape, surface coatings and rimmings, presence of cyanicides, oxygen consumers and preg-robbers, presence of slow-dissolving gold minerals and the refractory nature of submicroscopic gold. Among these factors, locking in sulphide, silicate and other minerals as fine-grained gold inclusions and/or as invisible submicroscopic gold is by far the most common factor leading to poor gold recovery encountered in gold ore processing. Processing of PGE ores faces the same challenges as gold. Small grain size and locking of PGM in sulphide and non-sulphide minerals often cause PGM losses. When silver ore contains significant amounts of pyrargyrite, proustite and stephanite, silver recovery by cyanidation can be very low because of the slow dissolving kinetics of these minerals. In the processing of base metal ores, high content of pyrite, intergrowth of chalcopyrite with sphalerite and presence of clay miner-als may cause problems in recovering Cu-, Pb- and Zn- bearing minerals. Process mineralogy helps address all issues and problems related to mineral processing with predicting and trouble-shooting being two major objectives. It provides useful information on process selection, flowsheet development, recovery improvement and reagent consumption optimization. The information acquired from a process mineralogical study can be used as a guide for a metallurgical testwork program for process design or optimization.

Jan 1, 2014

By B. W. Zhao

Quantitative analysis of minerals composing in ore is primary in process mineralogy, a veracious quantification and analysis is very crucial to optimize or design a beneficiation process, especially for a low grade and complicated ore. This paper will discuss a SEM-EDS based quantitative analysis developed in JKtech Australia through an example from Jinchuan lean ore. For a low grade, com-plex intergrowths and texture lean ore, chemical phase analysis of value minerals and identification by optical microscope are very essential, unite the SEM-EDS based quantitative analysis, we can understand exactly the lean ore, explain and quantify the process performance.

Jan 1, 2014

By I. Yochev, A. A. Metelev, A. I. Stepanenko, A. P. Purgin, M. G. Viduetsky, A. M. Panshin, I. F. Garifulin

"Pneumatic flotation cells of the KFM series are intended for the concentration of various ores and technogenic materials. The key operating principle of the flotation cells of the KFM series is the preparation of pulp for flotation in blowers, offering the advantage of an accelerated flotation process. This report summarizes the results of the implementation and operation of the KFM cells at Russian and foreign projects in 2015-2017. Their implementation and operation experience confirms the high efficiency of the KFM cells, especially in the head of lead and zinc, copper and zinc, copper flotation processes:head KFM-600 flotation cell recovers from lead-zinc ore (Rudmetal AD modular concentrator) up to 52% of lead in a single stage (without cleaner flotation) in a salable lead head concentrate (grade of up to 76% lead, 2.3% zinc). The flotation cell proved to be much more efficient than originally expected in the process description in the design phase,flotation of the copper-zinc ore from Novo-Shemur deposit (PJSC Svyatogor concentrator) in two KFM- 1400M cells recovers up to 65% of copper and 70% of zinc in a high-grade bulk copper-zinc concentrate containing 12-13% of copper and 25-28% of zinc. The installation of the two cells with a combined capacity of 26 m3 allowed to decommission 4 chambers of FPM-16 pneumomechanical flotation cells with a combined capacity of 64 m3 with a simultaneous increase in the overall ore concentration performancea single KFM-1400M cell (13 m3) recovers from the copper ore from Volkov deposit (PJSC Svyatogor concentrator) 53% of copper into a high-grade copper head concentrate (33.0% of copper). For comparison, the pneumomechanical cell FPM-16 (capacity 16 m3) has almost half as low copper recovery (29.6%) into the head concentrate at a lower grade (30.5% copper)."

Jan 1, 2018

By I. Nishkov, I. Grigorova, N. Valkanov, M. Ranchev

The processing of sulphide ores with variable and complex mineral composition and physical properties, such as those processed by two-stage selective flotation scheme in “Erma reka” concentrator, Minstroy Holding JSC, requires excellent selectivity in order to achieve acceptable concentrate grades. The lead-zinc ores from the hydrothermal lead-zinc deposits mainly contain galena (PbS), sphalerite (ZnS), pyrite (FeS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), as well as non-metal minerals such as quartz, carbonates and clinopyroxenes skarns. One of the main impurities present in sphalerite is iron, which is known to be detrimental to the rate of sphalerite flotation and its recovery. The results from the conducted laboratory and industrial tests, presented in the previous study, showed that it is possible to depress the iron rich sphalerite by adding MINFIT® (modified sulfur-oxy depressant) at the pH of approximately 9.5 in rougher lead flotation circuit, leading to reduction of zinc sulphate consumption and complete elimination of cyanides from the flotation process. Furthermore, the consumption of copper sulphate, which reactivates the surface of the zinc minerals, was significantly reduced. Consequently, the optimisation of the reagent regime in the Erma reka concentrator, led to notably improved qualitative (grade, recovery) properties of the final lead and zinc concentrates. Moreover, when comparing the reagents consumption for 2014 and 2016 – when the processing plant have been applying the new optimized reagents regime, comprises the use of MINFIT as the primary depressant, the following results have been achieved: ZnSO4 decreased by 30%; CuSO4 consumption decreased four times and full rejection of cyanides from the process. Finally, this paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the obtained results during the period of application of the new flotation reagents regime in the Erma reka concentrator, Minstroy Holding JSC.

Jan 1, 2018

By ?. S. Potokin

"In general the electric pulse treatment is composed from two processes – electric pulse grinding and electric explosive (electric discharging) activation. The electric pulse grinding with the effect of selective destruction refers to a major slag fraction, more that 2-5 mm, when a one can see a physical prerequisites for electrical breakdown of the slag particles. The electric pulse treatment of slag is considered as an additional operation in the technological scheme extraction of non-ferrous metals from copper smelting slags in addition with mechanical grinding, flotation enrichment and acid leaching. Studies of the reprocessability of pelletized slag have shown the possibility of higher extracting non-ferrous metals via flotation after electric pulse disintegration (EPD) treatment. By using EPD of slag pellets, it is possible to increase the non-ferrous metal yield to concentrate by 18-24%.INTRODUCTION The use of the explosive effect of the plasma discharge channel at electrical breakdown of a solid at a pulsed high voltage is the physical basis of the electric pulse method of destruction of geomaterials (Vorobiev et al., 1971; Andres, 1995; Semkin et al., 1995). The flowing of a pulsed current in the discharge channel is accompanied by a sharp increasing of plasma’s temperature and pressure, leading to a supersonic expanding of the discharge channel, the formation in the solid of intensive mechanical tension field, spreading of cracks, and eventually, to the destruction of the solid. Fragmentation and grinding of ore and mineral aggregates by electric pulse method due to a number of specific physical mechanisms of power load and crack formation, belonging only to this method, is different by high selectivity of destruction. This ensures better liberation of grains of individual minerals and their better preservation from destruction and less formation of a slurry output. These features creates the prerequisites for a more complete extraction of a useful mineral in the concentrate during ore dressing, to improve the quality of concentrate. In contradistinction to mechanical methods, electric pulse technology does not contaminate the product with instrumental metal, material of lining and grinding bodies. The possibility simply and in a wide range to change the dynamic load character allows to regulate the granulometric composition of the product of grinding, to obtain a narrower class of product size than is possible with mechanical grinding. The product of electric pulse grinding is characterized by less roundness and large specific surface area of grains due to the trait, that a new surface is formed in the process of splitting during the expanding of cracks. The degradation product has increased sorption and reactivity in chemical reactions. Liberation of the mineral inclusions particle better corresponds to their initial natural state in the rock and this is the great importance for the study of mineral raw materials."

Jan 1, 2018

By M. F. He

There are three polymorphic modifications in pyrrhotite (monoclinic, hexagonal and orthorhombic), with monoclinic and hexagonal polymorph being more abundant. The floatability of different crystalline structures of pyrrhotite (monoclinic and hexagonal) is studied in this paper. It is shown that the floatability difference of monoclinic and hexagonal is obvious and that the flotation recovery of monoclinic pyrrhotite is greater than that of hexagonal pyrrhotite using different collectors . Using butyl dithiophosphate as collector, the flotation recovery of pyrrhotite is higher than when sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate and sodium butyl xanthate are used as the collectors. Monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites are more easily activated by Cu2+ in acidic conditions than in alkaline conditions, while Cu2+ can not activate hexagonal pyrrhotite when sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was used as the collector. By the measurement of contact angle, it is indicated that monoclinic and hex-agonal pyrrhotite float well and are easily activated by Cu2+when dithiophosphate was used as the collector. Using sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate as a collector, the flotation behavior of pyrrhotite was investigated. The relationship between potential and pH range for pyrrhotite flotation was established. The results show that the flotation of pyrrhotite is dependent on pulp potential at certain pH values.

Jan 1, 2014

By N. D. Dementieva

Based on lab and pilot-plant tests to recover gold, silver and lead of a Russian deposit, a collective and flotation concentration flow sheet with lead and sulfide concentrates was proposed. The type of the deposit is gold-sulfide-quartz-bearing. The recovery of gold, silver, and lead to a lead concentrate was 47.4%, 68.1% and 70.7%, respectively. The grade of gold and silver grade was 170 g/t and 372 g/t, respectively. The mass percent of lead, zinc and arsenic mass percent was 41.7%, 0.34% and 0.63%, respectively. The recovery of gold and silver recovery to a sulfide concentrate was 50.1% and 28.8% at the grade of gold 20.5 g/t and silver 66.2 g/t. Sulfide concentrate with arsenic mass percent ~3% was biooxidised followed by CIL and obtaining metal at the site as well as zinc concentrate from bioleaching solutions with zinc mass percent 45% at its 64% recovery. The total gold and silver recovery using a developed technology with the account of their treatment at a polymetallic plant was 92.2% and 93.7%, respectively.

Sep 1, 2012

By N. I. Tyushkova

This is a brief survey of the technological solutions for deep cleaning of baddeleyite?s concen-trate. Baddeleyite is part of kamaphorite of composite apatite-magnetite ore in alkaline-ultrabasic mountain range of Kola Peninsula. Baddeleyite?s concentrate, which is being produced by Kovdorsky GOK (ore mining and processing enterprise) contains 97.5%~98.5% (Zr?2 + ?f?2) and also scandium oxide (0.05%). It is usually used without any chemical processing. World demand for zirconium oxide is constantly on the rise. Its consumption grows in ceramic industry and in high-tech spheres. That?s why the demand for its purity is very important nowadays (additional cleaning from phosphorus, silicon, iron, aluminium). The mechanism and kinetics of interaction of activated bad-deleyite with sulphuric acid has been studied as well. While applying method of mathematical mod-eling it was confirmed that the mechanical activation is effective for the intensification of sulphation process of baddeleyite?s concentrate with the aim of purifying it from dirt. The use of the calculated optimal regimes allows to reduce such technological operation factors as: temperature, the du-ration of process, the sulphuric acid consumption. It also allows to determine the conditions of anticipatory abstraction of scandium and main dirt in solution in comparison with zirconium oxide.

Jan 1, 2014

By B. Orberger

The fine fraction (< 2 mm) of the high grade Mn-ore from the world class Moanda deposit, Francevillan basin, in Gabon, contains up to 30 wt. % of manganese and about 0.4 wt. % phosphorous. A pilot study at laboratory scale integrating mineralogy and geochemistry before and after ultrasonic treatment was conducted on the fine fraction (< 2 mm) of oxidized Mn ore in order to reduce the phosphorous content and enrich this fraction in manganese. The fine fraction was dried, crushed at 2 cm and sieved at 2 mm. The two fractions (< 2 mm and 2 mm ? 2 cm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microprobe ? electron dispersive spectroscopy analyses. Both fractions contain lithiophorite, cryptomelane and pyrolusite as Mn carrier, and goethite, muscovite, illite and quartz as contaminants. The Mn hydroxide nsutite was only found in the fraction 2mm ? 2 cm.The < 2 mm fraction is significantly richer in goethite, muscovite/illite, and quartz. Phosphorous carriers are mainly goethite (up to 2.8 wt. % P2O5), while the Mn minerals contain up to 0.8 wt. % P2O5. The Mn minerals are partly included in an agglomerate of goethite, muscovite/illite, and quartz. The < 2 mm fraction was treated by ultrasound for 30 s in normal water. Mineralogical and chemical analyses after ultrasound treatment showed that the Mn-minerals were largely liberated from the goethite-muscovite-illite agglomerate. Mass balance calculations show that after ultrasonic treatment the < 2 mm fraction was ? 50 % enriched in Mn and ?50 % impoverished in P.

Sep 1, 2012

By A. V. Yevdokimov, Ye. V. Bogorodsky

The paper presents the results of the research on the development of gravity concentrates processing technology (gold grade is from 50 g/t to 1 kg/t and over) using intensive cyanidation with gold recovery to pregnant solutions followed by precipitation of metals from them using various methods. Test work and pilot plant results confirm that a new developed hydrodynamic regime provides an efficient treatment of gravity concentrates of polydisperse composition without their grinding and preliminary desliming. The resulting pregnant and washing solutions are amenable to metals recovery using electrowinning, cementation onto zinc dust and CIS. Cone plants with a lower ball valve for cyanidation of unground gravity concentrates developed by IRGIREDMET JSC have been successfully tested at a number of Russian operations. Currently, a modular plant equipped with gold electric precipitation from pregnant solution unit is successfully operated at a Russian gold processing plant. Cyanidation of the resulting high-grade gravity concentrate is carried out at the concentration of 8-10 g/L NaCN and 10 g/L NaOH. Gold recovery to the solution is 97-98%. Electrowinning is carried out in flow cell GNC-40M. In this case, the residual gold concentration yield is 0.3-0.5 mg/L. Also, a modular plant for relatively low-grade middlings (50-100 g/t Au) of gravity concentration has been introduced. The concentration of NaCN and NaOH is 2-3 g/L and 1.5-2 g/L, respectively, during leaching. This plant is equipped with a unit for gold cementation from pregnant solution with zinc dust. This cementation unit is of original design. It is made in the form of a filtering device and is composed of several layers of carbon fiber which contacts with zinc powder. The residual gold concentration yield from a cementation unit is less than 0.1 mg/L. Gold recovery is 93-97%. In 2017-2018, the introduction of intensive cyanidation modular plants to gravity concentrates will be planned at new projects of Russia and the CIS.

Jan 1, 2018

By Y. S. Song

Flotation separation of galena, sphalerite with pyrrhotite in ethanoic acid + sodium acetate sys-tem was studied in this paper. The flotation tests show that galena and sphalerite can float but pyr-rhotite can hardly float in the pH range of 3.6 to 5.6 in ethanoic acid + sodium acetate system. The flotation tests also show that galena can be separated efficiently from pyrrhotite and sphalerite can be separated on the whole from pyrrhotite, but the separation efficiency of the former is much better than the latter. The flotation results have been investigated by ultraviolet spectrum and XPS analysis, and explained by theory of hard and soft acid and base (HSAB), hydrogen bond and galvanic coupling.

Jan 1, 2014