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For the year ending February, 1918 PRESIDENT PHILIP N. MOORE ST. Louis, Mo. PAST PRESIDENTS WILLIAM L. SAUNDERS NEW YORK, N. Y. L. D. RICKETTS, NEW YORK, N. Y. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT SIDNEY J. JENNINGS, NEW YORK, N. Y. TREASURER GEORGE C. STONE, NEW YORK, N. Y. SECRETARY EMERITUS ROSSITER W. RAYMOND,.. NEW YORK, N. Y. SECRETARY BRADLEY STOUGHTON NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jan 3, 1917

By Hans Lundberg

GEOPHYSICAL methods as described in technical articles generally fail to answer the questions of prospectors and geologists as to which method they should apply and what information they may expect from their application. This article is an attempt to discuss the use of electrical methods with special reference to the prospecting for orebodies and the map¬ping of geologic structure. Especially on virgin ground, geological reconnaissance should precede electrical prospecting, with the object of outlining carefully the orebearing rock and determining the possibilities of elec¬trical prospecting. No electrical survey will then be carried out on ground which, for geological reasons, may be considered barren or where the electrical meth¬ods are inapplicable. As the success of electrical prospecting depends on the difference in conductivity between the ore and the country rock within which the orebody is inclosed, the conductivity of the two should be considered and de¬termined, if possible. The conductivity of an orebody depends on the distribution of conductive ore minerals and, in addition, on its size (length, width and depth). Most minerals with metallic luster show good electrical conductivity; for instance, the sulfides. Zinc-blende is an exception, but as it is often associated with the ore minerals of good conductivity (for instance, pyrite or galena), there is likelihood also of finding zinc.

Jan 1, 1930

By AIME AIME

To accompanying photograph of the plant of the Beattie Gold Miner Limited, at Duparquet,. Quebec, is taken from the east and shows the open-pit from which the ore is taken during the summer. The buildings on the level ground above the open-pit are the change rooms, steel shop hoist building, compressor building, machine shop, warehouse, carpenter shop, and oil house. The main five-compartment shaft is shown west of the hoist building. The crusher plant adjoins the headframe and a long conveyor transports the fine ore

Jan 1, 1936

By Louis R. Hodell

WHEN the drilling of an oil well is completed a permanent opening from the reservoir to the surface must be provided. This is done by lining the hole with pipe, commonly known as casing. In the past, all but a small amount of casing has been run in the hole and joined by threads and couplings. Recently, however, in California, Texas, and Oklahoma, there has been a definite tendency 'to adopt -the welded joint for the following reasons: (1) Plain end casing for welding may be bought for 15 per cent less than thread-and-coupled casing; some of this is offset by the cost of welding the pipe in the hole but a respectable net profit remains.

Jan 1, 1937

By F. M. Lewis, J. E. Goodman

A larger, slow-speed, under-loaded ball mill and hydraulic classifier have almost doubled grinding efficiency at the lsabella mill. TENNESSEE Copper Co. operates two ore con-A centrators, the London and Isabella mills near Copperhill, Tenn. In 1948 and 1949 the small ball mills and rake classifiers in the London concentrator were replaced by one large ball mill and one hydraulic classifier. This new ball mill was designed oversize so that it could be operated at slower than normal speed. The proper operating conditions were established and the results published.' Later it was found that this mill operated more efficiently with a small ball charge." While this London grinding practice was being developed, the Isabella grinding circuit was not changed in any way. It remained a conventional two-stage rod mill—ball mill combination, the rod mill in open circuit and the ball mill in closed circuit with a rake classifier. Study of the data indicated that grinding cost could be lowered by converting to the London practice, but not enough would have been saved to warrant the expense of converting. No plan for improving this grinding operation could be developed. In 1953 this study was reopened when plans were made to increase the Isabella mill output from 1150 to 1500 tpd. At this time the grinding circuit consisted of a 6x12 rod mill followed by a 6x12 ball mill in closed circuit with a 6-ft rake classifier. Another 6x12 ball mill and 6-ft rake classifier would have been sufficient equipment and would have been the simplest and cheapest installation. However, this would have offered no improvement in grinding efficiency or operating cost. If, on the other hand, the grinding operation could be converted to the London practice, by installation of one large 101/2x9x9 tricone mill and a 10-ft hydroscillator,2 lower operating costs would justify the additional investment. Economics: Table I presents estimates for the two schemes for enlarging the Isabella mill. In the first scheme, column 1, one 6x12 ball mill and one 6-ft rake classifier were to be added. In the second scheme, column 2, the existing small ball mill and rake classifier were to be retired and one large mill and hydroscillator were to be installed. Estimated savings from the difference in operating costs made an attractive return on the additional investment for the large mill and hydroscillator. Actual costs of carrying out this plan are tabulated in column 3b. It will be seen that these costs follow the estimates in column 3a very Closely. The return on the additional investment is calculated from the difference in the operating cost in column 1 and the actual operating cost in column 3b. This too come very close to the estimate. Power and Steel: Power requirements and steel consumption for the rod mills and ball mills, both actual and estimated, are presented in Table 11.

Jan 1, 1958

By AIME AIME

THE annual meeting of the Woman's Auxiliary to the A.I. M.E. is always held in New York, in con- junction with the annual meeting of the Institute in February. Business sessions, teas, dances, a theater party, luncheons, excursions, and many other interesting activities filled the four days to overflowing. In all ,216 women were present, from all parts of the United ,/ mates, and there were several from Canada. On Mon- ' day not only the visitors, but the New York members also, gathered around the registration desks, where Mrs. E. N. Wolfes, Mrs. S. J. Jennings, and Miss Georgene Davis saw that everyone was properly registered and provided with tickets to whatever functions she desired to attend. Greetings were eagerly ex- changed as friends met at the luncheon on the fifth floor, where the hostesses of the day were Mrs. J. D. Handy, Mrs. T. T. Read, Mrs. Sidney Rolle and Mrs. H. J. Wolf. In the afternoon, there were visits to art galleries and other interesting exhibits, arranged by Mrs. Frederick Laist. Mrs. W. H. Bassett was the hostess at a very delightful Thé damant at the Italian Gardens of the Ambassador Hotel. Many of the men attended this function also. In the evening the visiting ladies were entertained at a theater party, with Mrs. Wilbur Judson as hostess. The play that was seen was Gorki's "At. the Bottom."

Jan 1, 1930

By John Henry Harden

WITH imperfect instruments it is impossible to make accurate surveys; the results are inaccurate maps, with their attendant consequences. The design of the writer is to describe an improved form of tripod head, and certain defects in an English transit and a miners' dial, with the method taken to remedy the defects of the transit. When the present transit superseded the surveyor's compass, there was one special objection brought against it, and with some show of reason ; namely, that the tripod of the compass with its ball and socket motion, allowed a quicker levelling-up (and, consequently, more work) than was possible with the transit. To this objection it was replied, that the ball and socket would not allow the instrument to be levelled with the same degree of precision that could be attained with the levelling screws, and that if time was sacrificed greater accuracy was attained. Nevertheless, it is a well-known fact that in this country, and especially in England, the compass or miners' dial holds its ground solely from its rapid adjustment. Ever since the introduction of the transit, efforts have been made to give to this instrument the same facility of levelling possessed by the compass or dial, and the same means have been tried, i. e., a . ball and socket motion, since a modification of this in some form was the only method that would answer. The upper part of a transit is, however, much heavier than the corresponding parts of a compass, and, therefore, requires more binding power, which cannot be ob¬tained with an ordinary ball and socket joint. It has been a study with instrument-makers to combine the facility of these two tripods -the quickness of the ball and socket with the steadiness and accuracy of the screws; but in all attempts in this direction the ball and socket of the compass has been literally followed, the entire stability of the instrument depending upon the friction of the ball in its socket. There is great need for a tripod that can be more easily manipulated than the present form, for it rarely happens that an engineer has a level surface on which to set his instrument, and very often

Jan 1, 1879

By AIME AIME

ONE hundred and eighty-three A.I.M.E. members, W. S. Morris with an excellent technical program, John Suman, "oil" President of the Institute, and a Texas norther blew into Dallas for the fall meeting of the Petroleum Division at the Adolphus Hotel, Oct. 16-18. and the most successful result will give future meeting committees a high mark to equal. People were still talking of the terrific heat the week before and it was quite noticeable that with the lowered temperatures, the members were in fine fettle for the technical sessions. The total attendance on Friday noon was

Jan 1, 1941

THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE MEMBERS, MARKED THUS t ARE ASSOCIATES THESE SIGNS DOUBLED INDICATE LIFE MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES RESPECTIVELY THE FIGURES AT THE END OF THE ADDRESS INDICATE THE YEAR OF ELECTION HEAVY FACED TYPE SIGNIFIES HONORARY MEMBERSHIP ` *AARONS, JULIAN B , Mine Supt, The Boulder Deep Levels, Ltd , Boulder, Western Australia, '05 *ABADIE, EMILE R, Cons and Min Engr, 1004 James Flood Bldg, San Francisco, Cal '76 *ABBE, CLEVELAND, JR, GeOl Aid, U S Geological Survey, Washington, D C '00 *ABBOTT, AI ARTHUR, Cerro de Pasco Mining CO , Cerro de Pasco, Peru, So America '95 *ABBOTT, ARTHUR V , Electrical Engr , Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & CO , 8 Bridge St, New York, N Y '82 *ABBOTT, CLARENCE E, Chief Min Engr, Care Fayal Mine, Eveleth, Minn '04

Jan 1, 1910

By AIME AIME

INDUSTRIAL Pittsburgh, the center of the coal and iron and steel industry of the world, was host to the Coal Division at its Fall Meeting held there on Oct. 21 and 22 at the William Penn Hotel. The past year has witnessed remarkable progress in new methods of mining and burning of coal and many of the papers on the program discussed these developments. Nearly 100 had registered at the time of the first session on Wednesday morning and this number increased to 168 on Thursday. Owing to the large number of papers on the program, eighteen in all, it was necessary to hold group meetings on Thursday morning, with a capacity attendance at each meeting. . Chairman McAuliffe was on hand early Wednesday morning to open the meeting. George Otis Smith, representing President Lovejoy, came over from Cleveland where he attended the meetings of the Institute of Metals Division. Secretary Parsons arrived later from Cleveland and spent the whole morning with the executive committee of the Division. Doctor Smith, Secretary Parsons, and J. T. Breunich were the official representatives from Institute headquarters.

Jan 1, 1936

By W. J. Keep

Some explanation of methods of testing will be given before presenting the record of a series of physical tests of aluminum, other metals and alloys. I. The Methods Employed and Meaning of Diagrams. The test-bars used, 12 inches long and 4 inch square, are cast in green sand, with chills bedded in such a way that the ends of the bar run against them. By splitting the ends of the bar the depth of chill can be measured. The chills being held in the mould 121/8 inches apart, the space between the end of the bar and the face of the chill, after both are alike cold, is the amount of shrinkage, and is recorded in thousandths of an inch per foot.

Jan 1, 1890

APPROXIMATELY 90 per cent of the steel that is melted and refined in the United States and poured into ingots is made in basic open-hearth furnaces, as shown in Table 1-1. The annual ingot capacity of the steel industry reported January 1,1950, by the American Iron and Steel Institute8* was 99,040,160 tons, of which the basic open-hearth process accounted for 85,896,580 tons, 86.7 per cent of the total. The capacity of the individual furnaces varies over a wide range, a large majority falling within limits of 50 to 200 tons (Fig 1-1). Most of the units constructed [ ] since 1942 are in the larger size groups, between 175 and 225 tons capacity.

Jan 1, 1951

By Earl A. Gulbransen, Kenneth F. Andrew

DRY oxidation of zirconium has been studied by several groups.'" The present work extends our early study1 to the high-temperature studies of Cubicciotti2 and Belle and Mallett.8 ulbransen and Andrew1 showed that the parabolic rate law fitted the 2-hr experiments between 200" and 425°C after an initial deviation. An energy of activation of 18,200 cal per mol was calculated. Cubicciotti,' in a study between 593" and 880°C, showed that the parabolic rate law fitted the data and an energy of activation of 32,000 cal per mol was calculated. In contrast to these studies on sheet specimens, Belle and Mallett3 studied the oxidation reaction on rod specimens and found a cubic rate law to fit the data.

Jan 1, 1958

By Lawrence Burkhart, S. B. Joo

A hemispherical, constant volume drop with forced internal circulation was considered as a model approximating a real drop at a similar stage of formation Axially symmetric steady flow within a drop contaminated by surfactants was described by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations written in terms of a meridian plane stream function Rotational flow occurred inside the drop above a computed Reynolds number of 5.8, and the change in interfacial flow caused by imposing a surface-tension gradient at the surface had a significant effect on the internal flow Although the work is quite fundamental in nature, the rotational flow described in the paper is responsible for much of the bulk transport of solute to the interface in hydrometallurgical processes such as solvent extraction.

Jan 1, 1981

By B. G. Bunting, J. H. Johnson, H. J. Schock

This paper describes an experimental method for monitoring diesel-generated exhaust gas pollutants in a deadended drift to assess the effect of control approaches. Experiments were conducted to determine the relative merits of these ventilation configurations: no auxiliary ventilation, induction ventilation at the entrance to the drift, and ventilation of the dead-ended drift with positive displacement tubing. The drift used in this experimental work was approximately 32 m long and slightly downsloping, with an everage height and width of 2.4 and 8.6 m, respectively. For this drift, it was found that ventilation with positive displacement tubing provided the best removal of diesel-generate pollutants. Induction ventilation appeared to be the least effective of the three methods examined.

Jan 1, 1982

By C. W. Donnelly, Louise B. Freeman, Coleman D. Hunter

It is with pride that the authors of this paper report. that during 1944 the production of petroleum in Kentucky passed its all-time peak, 9,496,985 bbl. being contributed. The delivery of natural gas, especially from eastern Kentucky, was maintained and possibly exceeded the highest deliveries of the past. To raise the production of oil and gas was not easy with inferior and worn-out equipment and the shortage of skilled labor. Reminiscent of the early days of the industry in the state, particularly in the hills of Elliott County, where mud roads often have gradients of 45º, was the replacement of worn-out trucks and tractors by oxen. Of the total 9,496,985 bbl., 17 per cent was contributed by the part of Kentucky that is east of the Cincinnati arch, as compared with the total of 7,010,776 bbl. contributed in 1943, of which 25 per cent was contributed by eastern Kentucky. This discrepancy is due to the discovery of more new fields in western Kentucky rather than to a decrease in production in the eastern fields, where the average has been maintained by reconditioning and secondary recovery of old fields and further development of new pools reported for the first time in 1943. In all, 1103 wells were known to have been drilled in the state during 1944, of which 659 were drilled in western Kentucky and 444 in eastern Kentucky. The exact number of wells drilled for any year is never known, as drilling permits are not required except 'when it is planned to drill through a workable coal seam. Of the total number of wells drilled, 459 were oil wells, 229 gas wells and 415 dry holes. The monthly production was as follows: January........................... 659,496 February.......................... 658,606 March...................... ...... 711,619 April............................. 649,926 May............................... 754,892 June.............................. 730,369 July.............................. 761,762 August............................ 878,053 September...................... 863,150 October........................... 968,732 November........................ 961,999 December........................ . 898,636 Western Kentucky In western Kentucky 352 wells were completed as oil wells with a total initial production of 47,922 bbl. of oil, the average being 136 bbl. per well. Two wells produced gas, the total initial production being 1,594,000 cu, ft. One hundred and eighteon wildcat wells were drilled, of which 107 were dry holes and 11 were oil wells. Three of the latter proved to be the discovery wells of commercial pools. Twelve new pools were discovered during 1944, none of major importance, as indicated in Table 2. The Utley pool, due to a stratigraphic trap on the flank of a closed structure, found oil in the Mcclosky at 2565 ft. in the discovery well, with initial productioil of 1000 bbl. The average daily production is now 227 bbl. from seven wells. The East Poole field, with the discovery well in the Tar Springs sandstone at 1811

Jan 1, 1945

Jan 1, 1938

Jan 1, 1938

Jan 1, 1906

By G. D. TRANT

HOT metal is commonly transported from the blast furnace to the open hearth by one or the other of two general methods: (1) by hot-metal ladles, usually in conjunction with a stationary mixer, or; (2) by means of mixer-type ladle cars, taking the place of both the hot-metal ladles and the stationary mixer. In both cases, the use of transfer ladles for charging the metal into the open-hearth furnaces is necessary. The American Rolling Mill Co. at its Middletown division, adopted hot metal practice on. June 2, 1928. The pig iron is produced' in a .blast furnace about 11 miles from the open-hearth furnaces, and is trans- ported in Pugh-type mixer cars having a capacity of 150 gross tons each. Three cars are in service and handle the delivery of hot metal to the pig machine and the open-hearth furnaces. The capacity of the blast furnace is 550 tons and casts are made every four hours.

Jan 1, 1929