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LIST OF THE MEETINGS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THEIR LOCALITIES FROM ITS ORGANIZATION Transactions Number Place Date Vol Page 1 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?71 1 3 2 Bethlehem, Pa August, ?71 1 10 3 Troy, N Y November, ?71 1 13 4 Philadelphia, Pa February, ?72 1 17 5 New York, N Y May, ?72 1 20 6 Pittsburgh, Pa October, ?72 1 25 7 Boston, Mass February, ?73 1 28 8 Philadelphia, Pa May, ?73 2 3 9 Easton, Pa October, ?73 2 7 10 New York, N Y February, ?74 211 11 St Louis, Mo May, ?74 3 3 12 Hazleton, Pa October, ?74 3 8 13 New Haven, Conn February, ?75 3 15 14 Dover, N J May, ?75 4 3 15 Cleveland, 0 October, ?75 4 9 16 Washington, D C February, ?76 4 18 17 Philadelphia, Pat June, ?76, 5 3 18 Philadelphia, Pa October, ?76 5 9 19 New York, N Y February, ?77 5 27 20 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?77 6 3 21 Amenia, N Y October, ?77 6 10 22 Philadelphia, Pa. May, ?78 6 18 23 Chattanooga, Tenn May ?78 7 3 24 Lake George, N.Y. Oct. ?78 7 25 Baltimore, Md. Feb. ?79 7 26 Pittsburgh Pa, May ?79 8 27 Montreal, Canada Sept, ?79 8 28 New York, N.Y. Feb, ?80 9 29 Lake Superior, Mich Aug, ?80 9 30 Philadelphia, Pa. Feb, 81 9 31 Staunton, Va May, 81 10 32 Harrisburg, Pa Feb, 81 10

Jan 1, 1923

LIST OF THE MEETINGS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THEIR LOCALITIES FROM ITS ORGANIZATION Transactions Number Place Date Vol Page 1 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?71 1 3 2 Bethlehem, Pa August, ?71 1 10 3 Troy, N Y November, ?71 1 13 4 Philadelphia, Pa February, ?72 1 17 5 New York, N Y May, ?72 1 20 6 Pittsburg, Pa October, ?72 1 25 7 Boston, Mass February, ?73 1 28 8 Philadelphia, Pa May, ?73 2 3 9 Easton, Pa October, ?73 2 7 10 New York, N Y February, ?74 211 11 St Louis, Mo May, ?74 3 3 12 Hazleton, Pa October, ?74 3 8 13 New Haven, Conn February, ?75 3 15 14 Dover, N J May, ?75 4 3 15 Cleveland, 0 October, ?75 4 9 16 Washington, D C February, ?76 4 18 17 Philadelphia, Pat June, ?76, 5 3 18 Philadelphia, Pa October, ?76 5 9 19 New York, N Y February, ?77 5 27 20 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?77 6 3 21 Amenia, N Y October, ?77 6 10 22 Philadelphia, Pa. May, ?78 6 18 23 Chattanooga, Tenn May ?78 7 3 24 Lake George, N.Y. Oct. ?78 7 25 Baltimore, Md. Feb. ?79 7 26 Pittsburgh Pa, May ?79 8 27 Montreal, Canada Sept, ?79 8 28 New York, N.Y. Feb, ?80 9 29 Lake Superior, Mich Aug, ?80 9 30 Philadelphia, Pa. Feb, 81 9 31 Staunton, Va May, 81 10 32 Harrisburg, Pa Feb, 81 10

Jan 1, 1937

CORPORAL SHEPPARD B. GORDY Sheppard B. Gordy, a brief biography of whom was printed inn the January Bulletin, entered the employ of the Braden Copper Co. immediately on his graduation from the Sheffield Scientific School in 1912. He remained with this company four years, working up through the various grades to assistant foreman and foreman to one of the individual mines. The last year he was in its employ, he acted as general mine foreman. He was for a short time with the Chile Exploration Co. and then went with the Andes Exploration Co. (Anaconda) and remained with CORPORAL SHEPPARD B. GORDY. the latter, doing mine exploration and development work, until he sailed for home in June, 1918, to give a more personal and active service to his country in her need. He declined a tender of induction into an officers' training camp, at the urgent request of Professor McClelland supplemented by Mr. Potter, because they demonstrated to his satisfaction that he could give more valuable service to his country in helping out with the aircraft production. Being within the draft age, in order to carry out this plan, it was necessary for him to be called by his Local Board and sent to camp. This call came Aug. 26. Two weeks before that time lie had gone to Dayton, Ohio; to begin the study of aircraft production, and was sent by the Dayton Board to Camp Sherman, Chillicothe, Ohio, where he died of pneumonia on Oct. 9.

Jan 3, 1919

By Charles A. Kliche

INTRODUCTION The Northern Great Plains Coal Province which occupies approximately 36.6 ha contains about one-half of the nation's total coal resources. About one million ha are underlain by coal that is considered to be mineable from the surface. The topography of the province is predominately plains, rolling hills, and some badland areas characterized by breaks or sharply eroded hills. Elevations range from about 1500 m above sea level on the west to about 600 m above sea level on the eastern boundary. The average slope of the ground is approximately 2 m per km. Streams in the province drain generally easterly and southeasterly (1). In the United States, the Northern Great Plains Province lies within the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Colorado. The coal within the province is located almost entirely in the states of North Dakota, Montana, and Wyoming. Although it is relatively low rank, the coal within the province encompasses a large portion of the total remaining U. S. reserves. The U. S. Geological Survey estimates the total remaining coal resources of the United States to be 2.6 trillion mt within 1000 m of the surface, and 2.9 trillion tons within 1830 m of the surface. Of this total, only about 177 billion mt are classified as reserves meaning that they are (1) known in location, quantity and quality from geologic evidence supported by engineering measurements, and (2) economically recoverable based on currently available technologies and current market value (2).

Jan 1, 1983

By Alec M. Crowell, C. H. Thigpen

Continuing the increase in production of crude oil and condensate started in 1937, the oil fields of South Arkansas reached a 13-year peak with 26,570,704 bbl. for the year 1942. The stability of the production branch of the industry in the area is demonstrated by Fig. I, which reflects the fact that although the number of producing wells in the state has declined from 3280 in 1931 to 2957 at the end of 1942, total production has continuously increased since the beginning of 1937. This is because all fields discovered since Jan. I, 1937, have observed spacing patterns up to one well to each 160 surface acres, the dual completion of wells where there is more than one producing horizon Eight new pools were brought into production in South Arkansas during 1942 (Fig. 2) They increased the state's crude oil and condensate reserve by 121,000,000 bbl., bringing the total recoverable reserve figure to 450,000,000 bbl. (Table 3) as of Jan. I, 1943. Abandonment of wells in the stripper areas of the state increased by 32 per cent over the preceding year, there having been 142 wells permanently abandoned in 1942. For economic reasons 279 wells were temporarily shut down as of Dec. 31, 1942. A price increase may start these wells to pumping again and also be the incentive toward the commencing of several secondary recovery projects in the fields discovered between 1922 and 1937. There were 149 wells brought into production in 1942 as against 119 for the

Jan 1, 1943

By C. H. Thigpen, Alec M. Crowell

Continuing the increase in production of crude oil and condensate started in 1937, the oil fields of South Arkansas reached a 13-year peak with 26,570,704 bbl. for the year 1942. The stability of the production branch of the industry in the area is demonstrated by Fig. I, which reflects the fact that although the number of producing wells in the state has declined from 3280 in 1931 to 2957 at the end of 1942, total production has continuously increased since the beginning of 1937. This is because all fields discovered since Jan. I, 1937, have observed spacing patterns up to one well to each 160 surface acres, the dual completion of wells where there is more than one producing horizon Eight new pools were brought into production in South Arkansas during 1942 (Fig. 2) They increased the state's crude oil and condensate reserve by 121,000,000 bbl., bringing the total recoverable reserve figure to 450,000,000 bbl. (Table 3) as of Jan. I, 1943. Abandonment of wells in the stripper areas of the state increased by 32 per cent over the preceding year, there having been 142 wells permanently abandoned in 1942. For economic reasons 279 wells were temporarily shut down as of Dec. 31, 1942. A price increase may start these wells to pumping again and also be the incentive toward the commencing of several secondary recovery projects in the fields discovered between 1922 and 1937. There were 149 wells brought into production in 1942 as against 119 for the

Jan 1, 1943

By Jean A. Andre

In 1969 "Société des Mines et Fonderies de Zinc de la Vieille-Montagne" produced 221,000 tons zinc ingots and 22,000 tons zinc dust, thus rating highest on the world's zinc producer list. The Company's plant at Balen, Belgium, with an output of 135,000 tons electrolytic zinc is the most important one of this group; it is an integrated metallurgical zinc and lead unit with recovery of most by-products. The present paper describes the zinc production facilities. The roasting section includes four fluid bed roasters (total concentrates charged: 740 tpd) and two sulfuric acid having a corresponding capacity. Calcine is leached in a fully automated plant by a two-step continuous process. Leaching residues, mixed with lead furnace slag, are treated in a shaft furnace. The recovered zinc fume is leached separately. In the near future, the leaching residues are to be treated by a wet process, developed in the Company's own laboratories. Purification of solutions is accomplished in two steps: antimony and zinc dust are added in the first one, only zinc dust in the second one for removal of cadmium. Electrolysis cells are partly of a conventional type. A new type of cell configuration was put onstream in October, 1969, planned output 60,000 tpy. Main features of the new cell rooms are the fully automatic pulling, stripping and replacing of the jumbo-size cathodes (immersed area 2.6 m2). Zinc cathodes are remelted in induction furnaces followed by in-line automatic casting and stacking machines.

Jan 1, 1970

By Shiou-Chuan Sun

THE fact that coals of different ranks and even of the same rank differ greatly in their amenability to froth flotation is well known. In recognition of the need for an explanation of this phenomenon, two hypotheses have been suggested. Wilkins1 reported that the floatability of coals increased with an increase of the carbon content or rank. This postulate is handicapped by the fact that bituminous coals that possess moderate carbon contents are actually more floatable than anthracite coals that have high carbon contents, as shown in columns 6 and 9 of Table I. Taggart and his associates' implied that the difference of floatability between bituminous and anthracite coal was caused by the variation of carbon-hydrogen ratio. This is not applicable to the relative floatability of other coals and carbons. For example, column 11 of Table I shows that the carbon-hydrogen ratios of low-floating lignitic coal and non-floating animal charcoal are not only smaller than the moderate-floating anthracite coal, but are also similar to the high-floating bituminous coal. Furthermore, according to this hypothesis, high temperature coke-A (464), Ceylon graphite (1238), and lamp-black (357), all possessing extremely high carbon-hydrogen ratios, should be less floatable than other substances having much lower carbon- hydrogen ratios such as high volatile-B bituminous coal (11.9 to 22), anthracite coal (35.7 to 60.5), lignitic coal (15.6 to 33.6), and charcoal (13 to 26.2). However the former group is actually more floatable than the latter group.

Jan 1, 1954

By Norman J. Sather

LOCATION AND HISTORY The Bunker Hill Mine is situated on the south side of the Coeur d’Alene River in Shoshone County of Northern Idaho near the City of Kellogg. Kellogg, the largest in the Coeur d’Alene District cities, is at an elevation of 2,300 feet and has a population of approximately 7,000 people. It can be reached by air, railway or highway. The history of the Bunker Hill Mine dates back to August 26, 1885, when Noah S . Kellogg found the outcrop of the Bunker Hill ore body on the hillside above the present town of Wardner, Idaho, in Milo Gulch. A small concentrator was erected in 1886. Before the railroad came, the mine output was transported by mule teams to the head of navigation on Coeur d’Alene Lake. After ten years of production, an interest was purchased in the Tacoma Smelter at Tacoma, Washington, to which the entire output was shipped. In 1916 and 1917 a modern lead smelting plant and refinery was erected and in 1927 and 1928, a modern Electrolytic Zinc Reduction Plant was built and put into operation by the Sullivan Mining Company which was 50% owned and now totally owned by The Bunker Hill Company. GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY The Bunker Hill ore bodies are found in gray and greenish gray quartzite and argillaceous quartzite of Precambrian age and are known as the Revett and St. Regis formations. Most of the ore bodies are found in the St. Regis formation.

Jan 1, 1970

By Alfred H. Bell

The upswing in oil production and drilling activity in Illinois that began in 1937 gained momentum in 1938 and promises to bring a new and higher peak in the state's annual production in 1939. In 1938 the production totaled 23,929,000 bbl., as compared with 7,426,000 bbl. in 1937, more than a threefold increase. The number of producing oil wells in the new fields was 230 at the end of 1937 and it increased to 2157 at the end of 1938. Daily production for the whole state increased from approximately 35,000 bbl. at the end of 1937 to approximately 135,000 bbl. at the end of 1938, nearly a fourfold increase. Of a total of 2539 wells completed in 1938 in Illinois, 1984 produced oil, 26 produced gas and 529 were dry holes. Of the total, 377 are classified as "wildcat" wells, defined as wells drilled outside of proved territory and more than one mile from the nearest production. The remainder, 2162 wells, were drilled in or near proved fields. Of the 377 wildcat wells (Table 2) 32 were successful in discovering oil or gas in commercial quantities, either new fields or extensions of old fields. Four of these discovery wells mere gas wells, which are not yet commercially productive owing to lack of pipe-line facilities. A special effort was made to ascertain the reasons for the locations of as many as possible of the wildcat wells and the results of this investigation are set forth in the following table:

Jan 1, 1939

By Alfred H. Bell

The upswing in oil production and drilling activity in Illinois that began in 1937 gained momentum in 1938 and promises to bring a new and higher peak in the state's annual production in 1939. In 1938 the production totaled 23,929,000 bbl., as compared with 7,426,000 bbl. in 1937, more than a threefold increase. The number of producing oil wells in the new fields was 230 at the end of 1937 and it increased to 2157 at the end of 1938. Daily production for the whole state increased from approximately 35,000 bbl. at the end of 1937 to approximately 135,000 bbl. at the end of 1938, nearly a fourfold increase. Of a total of 2539 wells completed in 1938 in Illinois, 1984 produced oil, 26 produced gas and 529 were dry holes. Of the total, 377 are classified as "wildcat" wells, defined as wells drilled outside of proved territory and more than one mile from the nearest production. The remainder, 2162 wells, were drilled in or near proved fields. Of the 377 wildcat wells (Table 2) 32 were successful in discovering oil or gas in commercial quantities, either new fields or extensions of old fields. Four of these discovery wells mere gas wells, which are not yet commercially productive owing to lack of pipe-line facilities. A special effort was made to ascertain the reasons for the locations of as many as possible of the wildcat wells and the results of this investigation are set forth in the following table:

Jan 1, 1939

By H. DeWitt Smith, W. H. Sirdevan

The mine operated by the United Verde Copper Co. is situated near Jerome, Ariz., on the eastern flank of the Black Hills, at an elevation of approximately 5500 ft. (1676 m.) above sea level. The mine and the town of Jerome are located on a steep hillside, which slopes rapidly to the valley of the Verde River. The smelter town of Clarkdale is situated in the Verde valley 4.1 mi. (6.5 km.) distant in an air line from Jerome, and at an elevation of 3560 ft. The two towns are connected by the standard-gage railroad of the Verde Tunnel & Smelter R. R., a subsidiary of the United Verde Copper Co. This road is 11 mi. long and has a compensated 4 per cent. grade. At Clarkdale, it connects with the Verde Valley branch of the Santa Fe R. R. The narrow-gage (36-in.) line of the United Verde & Pacific Ry. was, until 1919, Jerome's only rail connection with a main trunk line. This road connects with a branch line of the Santa Fe system at Jerome Junction, after traversing 26 mi. of mountainous country. From the time of its location, in 1876, until its purchase by Senator W. A. Clark, of Montana, in 1889, the United Verde mine was worked on a small scale and shipments of high-grade gold-silver ore were made from the surface workings. Until 1894, when the narrow-gage railroad to Jerome Junction was completed, all supplies for the mine and smelter

Jan 1, 1922

By T. A. Lang

For permanent structure underground, where rock is not competent, support usually consists of concrete or reinforced concrete. However, temporary supports in the form of timber or steel are often needed during construc-tion. Although the history of rock bolting is relatively short—50 years— their use has become widespread in general engineering construction as well as mining. This profusely illustrated and detailed study covers a broad range in the field of rock belting: from the behavior of rock and bolts including rock properties, masses, and structure; mathematical formulae for rock bolt applications; through analysis of various operations and descriptions of the bolts themselves. Rock construction is one of the oldest of the engineering arts and its origin is lost in antiquity. From the days when early man decided that he wanted to improve the natural caves which he was using for shelter and protection or made a river crossing by placing rocks to form a ford or causeway, we have had structures made of rock. It is not too much to say that rock in situ as a structural material forms part of every major engineering undertaking. Rock bolting is one means whereby the inherently good characteristics of rock in situ are preserved and used to the best advantage and the bad characteristics ameliorated. In many cases the latter are accentuated by construction processes used. Rock bolting, as with other rock construction techniques, is only just beginning to emerge from being an art. Consequently, its theory and practice is still more descriptive than mathematical. ROCK BOLTING In underground excavations, where the rock is not competent, support is provided. For the permanent structure, this generally consists of concrete or reinforced concrete. However, support may be needed during construction before the concrete can be placed, and conventionally this consists of timber or steel support in the form of ribs, struts, and lagging. Alternatively, rock bolts may be used. Although their use dates back over 50 years, it is only in recent years that rock bolts have become widely used, not only in mining but in general engineering construction. A rock bolt is a steel bar which is inserted in a hole drilled in rock. The end away from the rock face has a device which permits it to be firmly an- chored in the hole and the projecting end is fitted with a plate which bears against the rock surface. The bolt is placed in tension between the anchor and the plate, thereby exerting a compressive force on the rock. The essential feature of a rock bolt is that it is placed in tension. This distinguishes it from anchor bars which are grouted into holes in rock, but which are not prestressed. The difference between an anchor bar and a rock bolt when the rock bolt is grouted in is analogous to the difference between the reinforcement in ordinary reinforced concrete and in prestressed reinforced concrete. The view that rock bolts only pin or nail blocks or slabs of rock which are loose to the sounder rock behind them is erroneous. Rock bolts are useful for this purpose and have been so used for a long time. However, the term rock bolting, as used here, means the designed use of rock bolts to reinforce and develop the rock around an excavation into a structural entity which can competently play its part in a structure such as a powerhouse or a mine installation. Rock bolts behave quite differently than steel ribs. They can be installed at the working face directly after blasting and within a short space of time can be exerting a stabilizing pressure on the loosened rock surface. This early installation not only partially restores loosened blocks of rock to their original unloosened positions, but also it prevents the gradual relaxation or loosening of the decompression zone behind the new rock face. In contrast, steel ribs generally use timber blocks, wedges, and lagging between the ribs and the irregular rock surface. The timber is relatively compressible, and loosened blocks of rock must move outwards an appreciable distance before any load builds up on the steel ribs. Also, the ribs may settle as the foot blocks and foundation become compressed. Hence, it may take several days or weeks before the rock has moved sufficiently to make the steel ribs carry an effective load.

Jan 1, 1961

By K. BRUCE DAVIDSON

-The North Central Texas area includes the following counties in Railroad Commission of Texas District 7-B: Brown, Callahan, Coleman, Comanche, Coryell, Eastland, Erath, Fisher, Hamilton, Haskell, Hood, Jones, Lampasas, Mills, Nolan, Palo Pinto, Parker, S

Jan 1, 1946

By James Boyd

In critical times such as the present, when the whole world is agitated by the aftermath of war and the road to peace is blocked by seemingly insurmountable obstacles, it is fitting that we should pause to take inventory of the material resources essential to our national security. Our status as a world power, in peace as well as in war, is intrinsically bound to the availability of minerals, for the foundation of our industrial and economic structurewhich in turn largely determines our military potential and our limits of national prosperity-rests on our ready access to economic sources of iron, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, and at least threescore of other metals, minerals, and mineral fuels. By applying the well-known facts of mineral resources to recognized fundamental concepts of preparedness, we can obtain a- clearer picture of the essential needs of our country. Historically, the lure of minerals and other raw material resources has all too frequently led nations to policies of imperialism and war. For more than a century the staking of colonial territory for new sources of raw materials has been a primary objective of many nations. These national policies. of aggrandizement were accelerated by increasing industrialization. The nations, in their aggressive search for

Jan 1, 1948

By Frank V. Hicks

THE following paper-in no sense a technical paper-is a summary of a safety campaign instituted by a coal-mining company to improve an unfortunate safety record. The experience should be suggestive equally to coal and metal-mining companies. With few precedents to follow in the beginning, the course was charted by trial and error. The endeavor, often disheartening, finally resulted in the capture of the most coveted safety trophy in the mining industry, "The Sentinels of Safety," awarded by the Hercules Powder Co. of Wilmington, Del., through the U. S. Bureau of Mines. The period described covers the 10-year interval, 1924 to 1933, the year 1933 being that for which the award was made. The coal company considered has produced annually for a number of years an average of 2,750,000 tons of coal, employing at various times from 1.800 to 3000 men. Prior to 1924, the

Jan 1, 1935

By W. O. Crosby

INTRODUCTION. THE crystalline belt of the Atlantic Seaboard, south of New York, attains its maximum breadth of 220 miles on the northern border of North Carolina; and in this State it is most widely characterized by the occurrence of gold in workable deposits. Half a dozen auriferous belts have been recognized by Nitze and Hanna.1 These are, in the main, coincident in position and trend with the NE.-SW. zones of metamorphic slates and schists, which, more than any other feature, give character to the geological map of North Carolina. The central gold-belts, accompanying the main zone of slates and associated igneous rocks, are much the more important and persistent, and may be regarded as continuous northward across Virginia and southward into South Carolina. Tile eastern belt, on the other band, is the shortest and, economically, one of the least important. Its extreme length does not exceed 25 miles, the narrow band of slaty rocks to which it belongs passing, both NE. and SW., beneath the coastal-plain formations. But, although limited in area and production, this belt is, perhaps, comparable with the central belts or any part of the sea-board crystallines in the variety of conditions under which the gold occurs. It lies chiefly in the NE. part of Franklin county and the NW. part of Nash county, on the watershed of Fishing creek and other tributaries of Tar river. The elevation is between 400 and 500 ft. ; and the Tertiary peneplain has here an exceptionally perfect development, the reliefs separating the slightly incised stream-courses consisting of broad, flat-topped peneplain remnants, bounded by gentle lateral slopes.

Mar 1, 1908

By L. D. Frink

Those actively interested in mining are fully aware of the ever-increasing difficulty of making conditions such that efficient work can be done in underground openings, especially as higher rock temperatures are encountered in depth. This is also true where an effort is being made to cut down the burden of overhead expense by working headings 24 hr. in a day if blasting is done as often as is possible in that time. That the conditions resulting from both these causes have driven the native-born Americans from the mines and that their places have been taken by less efficient foreigners is a fact that we must all admit. The great war now being fought in Europe and the educational qualification clause written into our immigration law by the last Congress will probably limit very materially the supply of labor, such as we are now using in our mines, and will force upon mine operators the necessity of making this work appeal again to Americans. Metal tubing, with blower or exhaust fans, has long been used in supplying air to dead ends where natural ventilation is impossible, or in driving the smoke from such places, or in doing both, as the need might be. Here in Butte we have now come to use canvas tubing very extensively and find that it has many advantages not possessed by the metal. The use of flexible tubing is not new, but it has not been generally used in mining operations. Recent improvements, however, in the canvas itself and in the jointing of sections and manner of suspension have so increased its usefulness that it promises to add much to the efficiency of mining. There is now on the market a product that is impervious to air, is fireproof, and has a system of jointing which permits it to be put up or taken down in a few seconds. In this article an effort will be made to explain the manner in which canvas tubing is being used in the North Butte company's operations at Butte, Mont. The accompanying photographs will, I hope, help make clear what may be done with this material.

Jan 1, 1918

By R. A., Pallanch

THOUGH the flotation of gold ores has come into the lime- light largely in recent years, it is not a product of recent economic conditions but rather as old as flotation itself. It could hardly be other- wise, since gold, when in the right state of comminution and surface condition, is one of the more readily floated of minerals. In early practice it was not generally recognized that gold was floated as well; it was - thought that the gold was bound up with sulphide minerals that floated, but now we know that free gold must have been floated as well.

Jan 1, 1935

By AIME AIME

T HE Mining Methods Committee held its initial meeting* on Tuesday afternoon, with F. W. Bradley in the chair and W. Y. Westervelt as vice- chairman. The first paper to be presented was "A Plea for a U. S. Court of Patent Appeals," for which Kenneth W. Greenawalt ably pleaded. The paper (which was published in full in last month's issue) is so carefully prepared that no synopsis can do it justice. It discusses the opposed views of some patent lawyers and other lawyers and members of the judiciary as, for example, Chief Justice Taft who is quoted as saying in 1921: "I think it is a great deal better to take a first class lawyer and a first-class judge and make him a good patent expert than it is to take a patent expert and try to make him a first-class lawyer and a good judge." Mr. Greenawalt argued the need for specialized scientific and engineering interest and understanding to enable a lawyer or judge to prepare or interpret patent specifications and decide the originality necessary for a valid invention. He proposed the special U. S. Court of Patent Appeals to also counteract the costly confusion and injustice now ruling where a patent may be declared valid in the courts of certain States and invalid by the courts of other States.

Jan 1, 1930