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[A Aall, Christian H., M49 B VP, Dir of Smelt & Refin, Am. Metal Climax Inc., 1270 Ave. of the Americas, N.Y. Aaroe, Stanley L., A54 B VP, The W. S. Tyler Co. of Can. Ltd., St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada Abalos, Toodulo Q., J57 A Prod Foreman, Lepanto Cons. Mng. Co., Mt. Province, Philippines Abbass, G., M55 P. O. Box 680, Hong Kong, China Abbitt, James M., A54 770 Sole Blvd., Bartow, Fla. Abbott, Raymond C., J59 3442 Greenwich Ave., Columbus 24, Ohio Abdullah, N. Y., J53 Dept. of Mines, Res. Div., P. O. Box 1016, Tiger Lane, Ipoh Perak, Malaya Abel, John F., Jr., J53- 100 Maple, Littleton, Colo. Abell, Leo M., M31 B Conc Supt, Phelps Dodge Corp., Morenci, Ariz. Abendroth, Harry E., A57 A Geol, Union Carbide India, 183 Brabourne Rd.. Calcutta. India]

Jan 1, 1961

[A Aall, Christian H., M49 A Dir, Smelt & Ref, Am. Metal Climax, Inc., 1270 Ave. of the Americas, New York 20, N. Y. Aaroe, S. L., A54 A VP, W. S. Tyler Co. of Canada Ltd., P. O. Box 100, St. Catharines, Ont., Canada Abalos, Teodulo Q., J57 A Prod Frmn, Lepanto Cons. Mining Co., Lepanto, Mt. Province, Philippines Abbitt, James M., A54 770 Sole Blvd., Bartow, Fla. Abdullah, M. Y., J53 Dept. of Mines Res. Div., P. O. Box 1016 Tiger Lane,-Ipoh Peram, Malaya Abel, John F., Jr., J53 F Mine Engr, Thompson Creek Coal & Coke, Carbondale, Colo. Abell, Leo M., M31 B Const Supt, Phelps Dodge Corp., Morenci, Ariz. Abendroth, H. E., A57 Mangore Australia Pty. Ltd., 901 Hay St., Perth, W. Aust.,, Australia Abenius, Hakan V., M52 Falun, Sweden]

Jan 1, 1961

[A Aalseth, Earl P. (M 51) Geol, Amerada Petr. Corp., Box 1498, Billings, Mont. Abadie, Henry G. (M 43) Asst to Supvr of Oper, Long Beach Oil Dev. Co., 255 S. Santa Clara, Long Beach 7, Calif. Abbe, T. Waldo (A 56) Ass't Dist Oper Supt, Sun Oil Co., Beaumont, Tex. Abbott, J. L. (M 56) Partner, Pritchard & Abbott, 501, Century Bldg, Fort Worth, Tex. Abbott, Richard H. (J 51) Owner, Abbott & Howard, 422 W. Hermosa, San Antonio, Tex. Abbott, Seth J., Jr. (M 51) Tekoil Corp., .2;A6 Mercantile Nat'l. Bank. Dallas, Tex. Abbott,. William G. (M 50) Div Mgr, Rice Eng. & Op. Inc., Box 1142, Hobbs, N. M. Abderhalden, R. R. (J,59) Box 100, Carmi, Ill. Abel, Malcolm D., Gen Mgr, Bakke Oil Co., Midland, Tex. Abel, Raymond L. (M 28) Prof of Chem Engr, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 13, Pa. Abel, Wayne K. (M 57) 1513 Patton Drive, Odessa, Tex.]

Jan 1, 1961

[A AALSETH Earl P (M 51) Consult Geol Engr 2019 Eldorado Dr, Billings, Mont ABADIE Henry G (M 43) Asst to. Supt of Oper Long Beach Oil Dev Co 925 Harbor Plaza, Long Beach 2, Calif. ABBET Waldo (A 56) Asst Diet Oper Supt Sun Oil Co P 0 Box 66, Stowelt, Tex ABBOTT Clifton T (A 60) Apartado 677, Maracaibo, Venezuela ABBOTT Fred E Jr (M 59) Abqaiq Diet Mgr Arabian American Oil Co Dhahran, Saudi Arabia ABBOTT J L (M 56) Partner Pritchard & Abbott 1010 Ft Worth Natl Bk Bldg, Fort Worth 2, Tex ABBOTT Richard H (J 51) Partner Abbott & Howard 422 W Hermosa, San Antonio 12, Tex ABBOTT William G (M 50) Div Mgr Rice Engrg &. Operating Inc Box 1142, Hobbs, N. M. ABDERHALDEN Ronald R (J 59) Prod Engr Continental Oil Co Box 100, Carml, 111]

Jan 1, 1961

[A Aall, Christian H., M49 D Mgr, American Metal Climax, Inc., 61 Broadway, New York 6, N.Y. Aaroe, S. L., A54 B Sales Mgr, The W. S. Tyler Co. of Can. Ltd., St. Catharines, Ont., Canada Abalos, Teodulo Q., J57 A Foreman, Lepanto Cons. Ming. Co., Mt. Province, Philippines Abbass, G., M55 P. O. Box 680, Hong Kong, China . Abbitt, James M., A54 770 Sole Blvd., Bartow, Fla. Abdullah, M. Y., J53 Dept. of Mines Res. Div., P. O. Box 1016, Tiger Lane, Ipoh Perak, Malaya Able, John F., Jr., J53 A Ming Engr, USA SIPRE 1215 Washington Ave., Wilmette, Ill. Abell, Leo M., M31 B Conct Supt, Phelps Dodge Corp., Morenci, Ariz. Abenius, Hakan Wilhelm, M52 A Mng Dir, Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags AB, Falun, Sweden Abenoroth, Harry F., A57 Natl. Carbon India Ltd., 18A Brabourne Rd., Box 217, Calcutta, India Abercrombie, Harry W., J56 1645 Camphor Dr., Lakeland, Fla.]

Jan 1, 1961

[A Aamodt, H. C., A55 C Sales, Great Lakes Carbon Corp., 18 E. 48th St., New York, N.Y. Aamot, Olav Crone, M29 2126 M4, Galveston, Texas Aaronson, Hubert I., M47 E Prin Res Engr, Ford Motor Co., Met. Dept., Sci. Lab., Engrg. Staff, P. O. Box 2053, Dearborn, Mich. Aase, Glenn D., M54 D Prin Engr, Air Pollution Control Dist., 1480 Mission St., San Francisco 3, Calif. Abbett, W. A., Jr., M56 8629 Beverly St., Duluth 8, Minn. Abbey, Robert G., M56 138 Dartmouth Rd., Bala Cynwyd, Pa. Abbott, A. G., Jr., J52 E Test, Dev Engr, Chrysler Corp. Missile Div., P. O. Box 2628, Detroit 31, Mich. Abbott, Mark L., A58 Rep, General Refractories Co., 208 S. LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill. Abbott, W. K., J58 E Dev Met, Int'l Nickel Co., Inc., 67 Wall St., New York 5, N.Y.]

Jan 1, 1961

Aamot, Olav Crone, Research Engr., Guggenheim Bros. Labs., 3,771 10th Ave., New York, N. Y. '29 Abbott, Clarence E., V.P., Charge of Raw Materials, Tenn. Coal, Iron & R. R. Co., 1242 Brown-Marx Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. '04 Abbott, Louis Benjamin, Chief Engr., Consolidation Coal Co., Watson Bldg., Fairmont, W. Va. '15 Abeel, George H., Jr., Cons. Min. Engr 128/ S. Canon Dr., Beverly Hills, Calif. '18 Abel, Raymond L., Asst. Prof., Dept. of Pet. Refin., Univ. of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pa. '28 Abel, Walter D., Cons. Engr 364 S. Cloverdale Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. '32 Abele, Louis T 1457 Euclid Ave., Zanesville, Ohio. '31 Abell, Leo M Sullivan Concentrator, Chapman Camp, B. C., Canada. '31 Abort, Robert H., Asst. Met., Research Lab., U. S. Steel Corp., Lincoln Highway, Kearny, N. J. '19 Abraham, W. E. V., East India United Service Club, 16 St. James' Sq., London, S. W. 1, England. '28 Abstain, Henry T., Engr. & Mgr., Profile-Tamarack Mines Co Yellow Pine, Idaho. '27 Acker, E. O'C., Met 128 East Washington Late, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. '86 Ackermat, D. E., Research Met., International Nickel Co., Inc. Bayonne, N. J. '35 Acres, T. H., Geol. Dept., Valuation & Pet. Engrg., Richfield Oil Co., 555 S. Flower St., Los Angeles, Calif. '29

Jan 1, 1934

Abbey. Robert Graham, District Mgr.. The W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., 50 Church St., New York, N. Y. '21 Abbott, Clarence E., V.P., Charge of Raw Materials, Tenn. Coal, Iron & R. R. Co., 1242 Brown-Marx Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. '04 Abbott, Louis Benjamin, Chief Engr., Consolidation Coal Co., Watson Bldg., Fairmont, W. Va. '15 Abeel, George H., Jr., Cons. Min. Engr 12S1, S. Canon Dr., Beverly Hills, Cal. '18 4 -Abel, Raymond L., Asst. Prof., Dept. of Pet. Refin.. Univ. of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pa. '28 Abel, Walter D., Cons. Engr 650 S. Grand Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. '82 Abele. Louis T., Min, & Met. Engr., Supt., Texas Hill Mine Coulterville, Cal. '31 Abell, Leo M Sullivan Concentrator, Chapman Camp, B. C., Canada '31 Abernathy, George Elmer, Prof. of Geol. & Min., Kansas State Teachers College. Pittsburg, Kan. '20 Aborn, Robert H., Asst. Met., Research Lab., U. S. Steel Corp., Lincoln Highway, Kearny, N. J. '19 Abraham, W. E. V., Member, Geological Staff of Burmah Oil Co., Ltd., Nyaunghla, Upper Burma, India. '28 Abstein, Henry T., Engr. & Mgr., Profile-Tamarack Mines Co Yellow Pine, Idaho '27 Acker, E. O'C., Met 128 East Washington Lane, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. '86 Ackerman, D. E., Met., Research Lab., International Nickel Co., Inc Bayonne, N: J. '24 Ackerman, George F., Engr., Real del Monte y Pachuca Min. Co., Apt. 3, Pachuca, Hgo., Mexico '29 *Acres. T. H.. Geol. Dept., Valuation & Pet. Engrg., Richfield Oil Co., 555 S. Flower St., Los Angeles, Cal. '29 Adachi, Jinzoo Address Wanted '88

Jan 1, 1934

[A AALSETH, Earl P (M 51) Consult Geol Engr 2019 Eldorado Dr, Billings, Monl ABADIE, Henry G (M 43) Asst to Supt of Oper Long Beach Oil Dev Co 925 Harbor Plaza, Long Beach 2, Calif ABBE, T Waldo (A 56) Asst Dist Oper Supt Sun Oil Co PO Box 66, Stowell, Tax ABBOTT, Fred E Jr (M 59) Abqaiq Dist Mgr Arabian American Oil Co Dhahran, Saudi, Arabia ABBOTT, Clifton T (A 60) Apartado 677, Maracaibo, Venezuela ABBOTT, J L (M 56) Partner Pritchard & Abbott 1010 Ft Worth Natl Bk Bldg, Fort Worth 2, Tex ABBOTT, Richard H (J 51) Partner Abbott & Howard 422 W Hermosa San Antonio 12, Tex .ABBOTT, William G (M 50) Div Mgr Rice Engrg & Operating Inc Box 1142, Hobbs, N. M. ABDERHALDEN, Ronald R (J 59) Prod Engr Continental Oil Co Box 100, Carmi, III ABEL, Malcolm D (J 50) Gen Partner Abel & Bancroft PO Box 865, Midland, Tex ABEL, Ramond L (M 28) Prof of Chem Eng Univ of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 13, Pa ABEL, Wayne K (M 57) 1513 Patton Drive, Odessa, Tex ABELL, Joseph M (J 55) Petr Engr Tennessee Gas & Oil Co Box 1772, Casper, Wyo ABELS, Thomas A (J 60) Exploit Engr Shell Oil Co Box 193, New Orleans 3, La ABENDROTH, G F (M 46) Dring Prod Supt Lyons & Logan 1500 Beck Bldg, Shreveport, La ABERCROMBIE, Bolling A (M 60) Mgr Product Planning Axelson-Garrett PO Box 2427, Longview, Tex ABERCROMBIE, C T (160) Prod Engr Cities Ser Petr Co Box 472, Brownfield, Tex ABERCROMBIE, H L Jr (J 55) Prod Engr Mobil Oil Co Room 1800 Gr PI Life Bldg, Lubbock, Tex ABERCROMBIE, Robert (J 57) Prod Engr Mobil Oil Co PO Box 1770 Shreveport, La ABERG, Richard S (M 57) Area Prod Geol Shell Oil Co of Canada, Box 100 Calgary, Alta, Canada]

Jan 1, 1961

By William C. Peters

The Alpine-Himalayan system, the only major active tectonic belt mainly exposed in a continental mass, is of increasing interest to exploration geologists as well as to theoreticians. Answers to the broader problems of plate tectonics are being sought in this intricate system where the geosynclinal concept was born and where the geotectonic cycle was first applied to metallogeny. The search is all the more intense because it involves scientists from more than a dozen countries with a stimulating variety in perspective. The international Geodynamics Project has allocated the Alpine-Himalayan system to two separate study groups with one directing its attention to the Alpine-Mediterranean region and the other giving consideration to the Himalayan region. This geographic division is accepted in this paper, with remarks being confined to the former and to the west of boundary zone between the European-Asian and the Southeast Asian plates as envisioned by Dewey and Bird (1970). The region is well-mapped in some parts and it includes some of the most intensely-studied geology, most classic mines, and newest orebody discoveries. Within the region, an Alpine-age copper-molybdenum metallogenic belt extends from Rumania to Pakistan. The belt can be considered in terms of plate tectonics, and there is the possibility of using plate tectonics concepts in exploration.

Jan 1, 1973

By M. Sagedahl

The off gas from a smelter is cooled and dust removed in an electrostatic precipitator before approximately 95% of the sulphur dioxide (S02) is converted to sulfuric acid. However, the tail gas may need to be polished to remove the rest S02 to meet demands. A flue gas desulphurization (FGD) system, as usually applied to S02 removal on coal and oil fired Power Station, is suitable for polishing tail gases from copper smelters. The ALSTOM Seawater FGD process makes use of the alkalinity in the seawater to absorb and neutralize S02. Before being returned to the sea, the seawater is treated to comply with environmental regulations. As the ALSTOM Seawater FGD process uses no reagent and produces no byproduct, it is extremely cost-effective for coastal installations. The first SWFGD plant started operation in 1968. Over 60 of these units have been installed worldwide. The ALSTOM Seawater FGD process removes S02 from flue gas flows corresponding to a total of 70,000,000 Nm3 /h. Suitable for thermal power stations, smelters and oil refineries, ALSTOM Seawater FGD plants efficiently treats flue gases in the range of 300,000 Nm3/h to 2, 700,000 Nm3 /h per FGD plant, containing 20 - 6,500 ppm of S02.

Jan 1, 2007

By Hernani Mota, Eleonardo Lucas, Christ Barriga

Este trabajo técnico presenta los estudios realizados para una caracterización física, mecánica y mineralógica del macizo y material rocoso presentes en una mina en la sierra del Perú, con énfasis en el estudio de las estructuras mineras (tajo, pila de estéril y pila de lixiviación). El principal objetivo fue determinar la influencia que tiene la alteración del pH cuando los agentes de meteorización como las condiciones climatológicas (temperatura y precipitación) someten al material y que puede causar imprevistos en las obras de ingeniería realizadas en minería.

Sep 29, 2023

By Virginia T. McLemore, Devlon R. Shaver

Clinkers are the result of a seam of coal catching fire and burning the surrounding rocks. The fires caused the surrounding rocks to be baked at high temperatures, removing organic material and partially forming glass. These rocks become hard, orange, and brick like, forming clinker. The purpose of the study is to determine their potential to contain economic levels of critical minerals, including Rare Earth Elements. Some clinkers contain over 200 ppm total REE.

Feb 1, 2024

Core samples, which were collected by the author from the Busang prospect, East Kalimantan, reflect a progressive evolution of a large magmatic-related hydrothermal system that is comparable to that encountered in many similar systems elsewhere in the Pacific region. The initial, localized deposition of sheeted porphyry quartz-molybdenite veins took place at high temperatures and fluid salinities, and at relatively deep levels. This was followed by an extensive phase of phyllic (sericite-quartz-pyrite ¦ tourmaline-apatite) wallrock replacement and vein formation. Propylitic (epidote-chlorite-carbonate-quartz) alteration was formed marginal to the phyllic assemblages. These porphyry-related events were centred in the Southeast Zone, and are probably associated with the emplacement of a felsic intrusion at depth. This event contributed only trace gold to the system. The early stages of hydrothermal activity were followed by an episode of quartz (¦ adularia) û carbonate û base metal sulfide veining, which was accompanied by argillic (illitic-kaolin clay) wallrock alteration. This event was sulfide-rich in the Central Zone and carbonate-dominated in the Southeast Zone. Gold mineralisation was observed in Central Zone drillcore to be associated with both sulfide, as well as carbonate, deposition. A final stage of epithermal-style quartz ¦ stibnite û realgar veins are, in the Central Zone, locally gold-bearing. The latter two events are interpreted to be associated with the late-stage exsolution of metal-bearing brines from the felsic intrusion that formed the earlier porphyry quartz-molybdenite veins and widespread phyllic-propylitic alteration.

Jan 1, 2002

By W Herrmann, R R. Large

Volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits in ancient, submarine volcanic belts of Australia include mound, lens and sheet-style Zn-rich polymetallic deposits, massive and disseminated pyritic Cu-Au deposits and disseminated, stratabound Au-only deposits. Variation in morphologies, metal ratios, volcanic environments and alteration features indicates there exists a spectrum of deposits from the classic VHMS model, to hybrids between VHMS-porphyry Cu and VHMS-epithermal end members. Zn-rich, polymetallic deposits form eitheron, or just below, the seafloor, whereas the Cu-Au and Au-only deposits form sub-seafloor by replacement of specific volcanic lithologies. Alteration zoned outwards from quartz -> chlorite -> sericite ¦ carbonate is typical of VHMS deposits across the spectrum. Quartz and carbonate alteration is dominant in the Au-only systems,chlorite alteration is commonly developed close to Cu-rich ores, and sericite and carbonate alteration zones are well developed in the stratiform Zn-rich ores. The most useful geochemical vectors for Zn-rich ores are the alteration index [AI=100(MgO + K2O)/(MgO + K2O + CaO + Na2O)], the chlorite-carbonate-pyrite index [CCPI=100(MgO + FeO)/(MgO + FeO + K2O + Na2O)], Mn content of carbonate, Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio of chlorite,whole-rock Tl, Sb and Ba/Sr ratio, S34S of pyrite, and whole-rock S18O. The most useful vectors for pyritic Cu-Au ores are AI, CCPI, S/Na2O ratio, Na content of white mica, and Fe content of carbonate.

Jan 1, 2002

By Y Öztas, S McKinley, T Baker

The Kisladag Mine, Turkey, is a large porphyry gold deposit which is mined by open pit methods. In operation for over ten years, Kisladag provides an excellent example of how attention to a geologic feature, namely hydrothermal alteration, became a very effective predictive geological tool for planning and operation. The alteration domains were initially used as a geological tool to assist with establishment of resource model domains and to guide delineation drilling, but they were soon recognised to be correlative to geotechnical characteristics (affecting pit slope angles) and metallurgical performance (heap leach recoveries). Recent developments in spectral processing allow the systematic quantification of complex overlapping alteration phases and have greatly improved the ability to rapidly define internally consistent alteration domains for geotechnical and geometallurgical purposes.Alteration at Kisladag comprises a central core potassic (K-feldspar-biotite) zone, a tourmaline-white mica enveloping zone, an advanced argillic lithocap on the deposit’s eastern side and an overprinting pervasive argillic zone. These alteration zones and their distribution were based initially on strictly qualitative, visual mineralogical logging of diamond drill core. With the need for more accurate and consistent identification of the alteration mineral suites, particularly the phyllosilicate phases, logging was augmented by systematic measurement of spectral data using a Terraspec instrument.Recently the Kisladag spectral database (over 85 000 readings) was reprocessed by the newly developed methodology (aiSIRIS™) that allows relative quantification of the spectrally-responsive minerals. Visualising this transformed spectral mineralogy at various mineral concentration thresholds using implicit modelling software (Leapfrog®) led to the creation of consistent mineralogical and alteration domains that are used for the definition of geotechnical and geometallurgical parameters. An implicit modelling workflow enables these domains to be easily updated as new data is collected while maintaining geological integrity of the model.CITATION:McKinley, S, Baker, T and Öztas, Y, 2017. Alteration at Kisladag gold mine, Turkey – a progressive study in geology, geotechnics and geometallurgy, in Proceedings Tenth International Mining Geology Conference 2017, pp 51–62 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Sep 20, 2017

By Valcana Stoyanova

Deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules are expected to produce serious impact on benthic ecosystem due to removal of nodules, sediments and associated fauna by means of collector, and subsequently, by the resettlement of sediment plume which may affect seabed biota outside mining tracks through blanketing, smothering and feeding interruption. The scale and magnitude of the exact impact of commercial operations is not known at present, but its assessment strongly required acquisition of the adequate environmental baseline information. During the past two decades, IOM carried out a total of 20 research cruises in the eastern part of Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) with purpose to obtain essential data and information on polymetallic nodules and to prepare for future development their deposits. Whilst evaluating the nodule coverage at particular station from both seafloor photographs and box-core recoveries it was ascertain that the ground-truth data plotted against the photo data indicated substantial differences between two methods. Understanding of this phenomenon has not only the methodology meaning related to the efficiency of the using photoprofiling techniques during exploration of nodules, but also it could be of environmental importance because the similarity between natural sediment blanketing occurrence in studied area and expected re-deposition and blanketing of sediments which will be disturbed during mining operations.

Jan 1, 2011

By Anna Fonseca

The concept of alteration indicator minerals is presented to aid in identifying the ideal spectral sensor and processing for alteration vectoring. Exploration geologists commonly struggle to understand the technical specifications of remote sensing and field portable spectral systems. This often results in the selection of spectral systems that are inadequate for the metallogenic environment of interest, and in a myriad of processed imagery that rest uninteligible and unused.

May 1, 2008

By Cari Deyell, Brigette Martini

The AntaKori Cu-Au-Ag Project in the Hualgayoc mining district, northern Peru is a complex system dominated by calcic Cu-Au-Ag skarn hosted in Cretaceous sedimentary units. The skarn system is partially overprinted by two younger epithermal systems: high sulphidation (HS) epithermal gold-copper-silver mineralization related to the adjacent Tantahuatay system, and intermediate sulphidation carbonate-base metal Au-Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization related to late stage rhyolite stocks and flow domes (Wilson, 2012).

May 1, 2008

By R J. Worland, D Bowyer, J L. Mauk

The TerraSpec is a compact field portable mineral analyser that uses non-destructive reflectance spectroscopy for mineral identification. The instrument uses and measures infrared and visible light that is absorbed by certain covalent and molecular bonds (AlOH, FeOH, MgOH, CO32-, OH, H2O and NH4) within the lattice of a mineral at specific wavelengths producing an absorption spectral profile. A variety of minerals can be detected including clays, micas, carbonates, and hydroxides as well as some sulfates and silicates. However, not all minerals are detectable, such as quartz and feldspar. Alteration minerals replacing volcanic rocks have been studied for several epithermal prospects in the lower Waitekauri Valley (Sovereign, Jubilee, Scotia and Jasper Creek) and a geothermal field in the Taupo Volcanic Zone. At the Sovereign, Jubilee, Scotia and Jasper Creek prospects previous XRD investigations determined well developed clay mineral zonation with illite in the west (Sovereign and Jubilee) grading into interstratified illite-smectite (Scotia) and smectite (Jasper Creek) to the east. Although the percent of illite within interstratified illite-smectite could not be determined and some illite-rich illite-smectite (>90 per cent illite) and some smectite-rich illite-smectite (>90 per cent smectite) could be misidentified as illite or smectite respectively, the TerraSpec survey determined the same zonation of illite to illite-smectite and smectite. Common chlorite, rare calcite and local kaolinite were also detected. At the geothermal field, the TerraSpec was primarily used to determine the occurrence of kaolinite, dickite and alunite, which form in acid conditions. Widely spaced (every 50 to 100 m) XRD results are in excellent agreement with closely spaced (every 5 to 10 m) TerraSpec results that further determined the occurrence of these minerals in previously unrecognised intervals. It also determined the occurrence of zoned smectite, illite-smectite, illite, and chlorite alteration. Overall, the TerraSpec is a rapid mineral identification technique that is very useful in delineating the occurrence and distribution of certain minerals in both epithermal deposits and geothermal fields. Although the TerraSpec cannot detect as many minerals as XRD, the TerraSpec allows data collection at a sampling scale and speed (real time) that is not practical by XRD.

Jan 1, 2006