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By R. Bruce Ferguson

"IntroductionThe Beaverlodge Operation of Eldorado Nuclear Limited is a uranium property located near the north shore of Lake Athabasca about 7 miles from Uranium City, Saskatchewan.The mill is a 2000 tpd carbonate leach operation producing a high grade yellowcake concentrate.The Lamella Thickener was purchased to replace a 55 foot conventional unit which had deteriorated beyond repair. The cost of the unit was considerably lower than for a conventional unit, installation was much simpler and the unit is much more compact allowing it to be installed in the mill basement and be insulated completely.The unit was sized according to the results of tests performed both by the supplier and Beaverlodge engineering staff. The supplier guaranteed overflow clarities of less than 100 ppm suspended solids. The Lamella thickener was developed by A. Johnson Co. of Stockholm, Sweden, is manufactured under license by Parkson Corporation of Ft. Lauderdale, Florida and is distributed in Canada by A. Johnson Co. of Montreal."

Jan 1, 1975

By J. G. Price

"The paper reviews state-of-the art welding processes and consumables for structural and pressure equipment applications in offshore environments, particularly the Arctic. Optimum selection of consumables will be discussed with regard to the facility to meet tentative toughness requirements in weldments. Finally, the development of welding procedure specifications will be considered in relation to the prevention of hot or cold cracking and lamellar tearing.Welding RequirementsGeneralThe exploitation of Canadian frontier oil and gas reserves will require a fleet of various types of offshore structures. These will include fixed jacket types and semi-submersibles for the East Coast with huge man-made islands and icebreakers for the Arctic regions. Both these regions will also require supply and drill ships plus subsea pipelines and cargo tankers for transportation. Clearly the welding of these items will plays large part in the over-all integrity and safety of exploration and production operations.The required development in structural steels and pressure vessel steels, for current and future offshore structures, to improve properties, particularly toughness for lower temperature service, has also prompted welding researchers to develop process and consumable combinations to match the parent plate specifications. This development has had to consider particular aspects of weldability such as a low susceptibility to cold cracking and preventing low HAZ toughness. Current research has centred on attempts to increase HAZ toughness with higher heat input welding of newly developed structural steels.The installation of Arctic region pipelines has provided a sound base for future, more complex fabrications in the most severe service temperatures in the Canadian frontier although few of the installations have been designed to the lowest possible exposed temperature of -62°C."

Jan 1, 1987

By W. A. Ahrens, J. H. McNamara, J. G. Franek

"An economical, pollution-free process has been developed for the hydrometallurgical extraction of copper from sulphide ores. The extracted copper, in the form of cuprous chloride (CuC/), is converted by reduction to copper metal. The metal is melted and fire -refined into wire bars which meet the standards of electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copper wirebars. IntroductionThe successful development of the Cyprus Copper Process has been an evolutionary series of events covering a time span of some nine years. The original process, based on an electrolytic membrane cell principle , was abandoned in 1975 because of technical, economic and pollution problems. During the past four years, the pilot plant has been reconstructed based on a new flowsheet and operated successfully in several campaigns, some for as long as four months. The pilot-plant hydro section operates at a 225-lblhr copper rate. In October 1977, a feasibility study was completed by Jacobs Engineering, Pasadena, California. The study showed favourable economic and technical feasibility. Jacob's studies in 1978-79 revealed favourable comparative economics with other known pyrohydro processes and favourable economies of scale.The Cyprus Copper Process converts copper concentrates of varying composition into copper metal, which has been proven to be equivalent in every way to electrolytic tough pitch copper, suitable for electrical applications. This is accomplished at capital and operating costs which are estimated to be lower than those associated with any other known currently applicable technology. Also, the total energy requirement is equal to or less than any other known process and the process is essentially pollution free."

Jan 1, 1980

By Frank C. Townsend

Centrifugal model embankments with varying geometries and materials were constructed of- coal waste material, accelerated From 100 to 120 times earth's gravity, and subjected to various throughflow rates until failure occurred. Complementary laboratory tests were performed on the waste materials to obtain strength and permeability parameters for analytical calculations to predict observed centrifugal model behavior. Failures in the form of deep.-seated failure, or erosion and sediment transport or a combination of both, occurred in model embankments with 1V:1-1/2H and 1V:2H slopes when the phreatic surface due to seepage exited on the downstream slope: Positive seepage control, i.e., a toe drain successfully prevented sloughing and failures. Slope stability analyses agreed well, albeit conservatively, with observed model performance. Factors of safety ranged from 0.7 to 1.02 at the instant of failure for models with retrogressing slips as compared with 1.05 to 1.7 for stable embankments, These models verified existing criteria of a minimum safety factor of 1 3 and the necessity of positive seepage control.

Jan 1, 1980

By B. M. Monaghan

"The developments of the 1950s and 1960s have seen Canada become an international source of iron ore, trading in all geographical areas and hemispheres. Canada's production will significantly increase in the next decade. However, although the outlook is bright, iron ore producers cannot be complacent. Instead, we must weigh the factors that have brought about the development of the Canadian iron ore industry and examine the probable changes for the next decade that will affect its growth.Looking ahead in the 1970s, competition will be severe. Pressure on prices will continue as new sources of supply bid for long-term contracts and as steel producers continue to develop mines around the world. Rising costs will make these pressures more severe. We must balance the growth of the world's steel makers with the emergence of new supplies of iron ore. The iron ore industry is now part of a new era in which demand and supply are intermeshed, and the developments around the world are acting on the Canadian iron ore industry's future."

Jan 1, 1971

By N. A. Warner, R. K. Manna

Physical modelling of liquid-phase oxygen mass transfer in a water model of part of a proposed new polymetallic smelter has been achieved. A study of solute mass transfer caused by multiple, subsonic air jets contacting superoxygenated water flowing in a channel model of the smelter converting hearth has been carried out. For a wide range of channel flow rates the rate of mass transfer was found to be independent of water velocity. The water model has been used to compare mass transfer for both open-packed and close-packed multiple-lance arrays with circular nozzles of diameters 2.26, 4.95, 10.95 and 24.40 mm. It was found that with fewer of the larger-diameter nozzles a reduction of up to 58% in liquid-phase mass transfer occurred, especially for the close-packed lance configurations. This restriction of liquid-phase mass transfer would result in reduced metal losses in the analogous smelting situation. The larger nozzles, however, exhibited more jet-jet and jet-channel wall interference effects than their smaller counterparts, resulting in an effective reduction in the momentum fluxes of the impinging jets

Jul 1, 1991

By C. S. Chenga

Sustainable development is currently an extremely relevant concept worldwide, especially in developing countries like South Africa. Mining and metals companies are also directly affected by the sustainable development agenda. The Mining Charter?s requirements as well as new legislation (Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act) expect, among others, for mines to support infrastructure and poverty eradication projects in the communities surrounding the mines. The aim of this paper is to, against the background of a qualitative study of mining communities in the North-West Province of South Africa, put forward some critical factors for the sustainability of social development projects in the mining sector.

Jan 1, 2006

Consents Required for Overseas Persons Overseas Investment Regulations 1974 Foreign investment proposals must be reviewed by the Overseas Investment Commission to ensure that these are in accord with national interests. Consent must be obtained from the Commission for: 1. New investment proposals which include: a. An overseas person acquiring 25 per cent or more of any class of share in a company. b. A New Zealand company issuing shares to an overseas person where this will result in that person owning 25 per cent or more of the company. c. An overseas person acquiring business assets for consideration in excess of $100 000. d. An overseas person commencing business in New Zealand. 2. Borrowing in New Zealand: An overseas person must obtain consent to raise funds in excess of $300 000 in New Zealand. 3. Borrowing Overseas: New Zealand incorporated companies must obtain consent to borrow overseas. Current policy is borrowing will be approved where the loan is for a specified fixed term of one year or more.

Jan 1, 1982

By Forrest T. Moyer

To keep the mineral and allied industries informed of trends in the causes of accidents and to point out the need for corrective measures, the Bureau of Mines collects, analyzes, and publishes, periodically health and safety statistics. This report includes data for 1961 on injury experience, with related employment statistics, at coal mines in the United Status. These data are presented in tabular form under the following headings; General Injury Experience Tables 1 to 6: Current data on number of injuries, degree of injury, frequency and severity rates, average severity, and related employment and production data by work location.

Jan 1, 1963

A drive, 3,500 ft long, was planned to explore mineralization exposed by diamond drilling. A rate of advance of 150 ft per fortnight, approximately double previous Broken Hill rates, was required. Subsequent to the completion of this drive its extension for a further 6,200 ft was planned to provide a main haulage way along which ore could be transported from a newly acquired lease back to the main hoisting shaft, a total distance of 13,500 ft.This paper describes the working conditions, relationships, manning and costs, and gives details of the cycle and equipment used to achieve rates up to 170 ft per fortnight.OBJECTIVEDiamond drilling from the 1,000 ft level at the Delprat Shaft section had indicated that the zone of mineralization, about 150 ft wide, which had been explored on the 1,000 ft level for a length of 2,600 ft, continued downwards with a westerly dip. The drilling results showed that within this wide zone there were arrower lenses of mineralization of possibly payable grade (see composite plan, Fig. 1).Diamond drill holes of 2,000 ft and over, particularly through heavily sheared areas of sericite schist, had been found to be costly, slow, and inadequate in testing the potential and trends of these smaller concentrations of mineralization.It was therefore decided that an exploratory drive should be advanced from the northern limit of the 1,480 ft level into the western mineralization, and that from this drive diamond drill holes should be drilled at dose intervals to outline the ore.The 1,480 ft level was chosen for the following reasons.1. It had the greatest northerly reach of the accessible levels at No. 7 Shaft section below the 1,000 ft horizon and therefore would enable the test to be made most quickly.

Jan 1, 1965

LIST OF THE MEETINGS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THEIR LOCALITIES FROM ITS ORGANIZATION Transactions Number Place Date Vol Page 1 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?71 1 3 2 Bethlehem, Pa August, ?71 1 10 3 Troy, N Y November, ?71 1 13 4 Philadelphia, Pa February, ?72 1 17 5 New York, N Y May, ?72 1 20 6 Pittsburg, Pa October, ?72 1 25 7 Boston, Mass February, ?73 1 28 8 Philadelphia, Pa May, ?73 2 3 9 Easton, Pa October, ?73 2 7 10 New York, N Y February, ?74 211 11 St Louis, Mo May, ?74 3 3 12 Hazleton, Pa October, ?74 3 8 13 New Haven, Conn February, ?75 3 15 14 Dover, N J May, ?75 4 3 15 Cleveland, 0 October, ?75 4 9 16 Washington, D C February, ?76 4 18 17 Philadelphia, Pat June, ?76, 5 3 18 Philadelphia, Pa October, ?76 5 9 19 New York, N Y February, ?77 5 27 20 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?77 6 3 21 Amenia, N Y October, ?77 6 10 22 Philadelphia, Pa. May, ?78 6 18 23 Chattanooga, Tenn May ?78 7 3 24 Lake George, N.Y. Oct. ?78 7 25 Baltimore, Md. Feb. ?79 7 26 Pittsburgh Pa, May ?79 8 27 Montreal, Canada Sept, ?79 8 28 New York, N.Y. Feb, ?80 9 29 Lake Superior, Mich Aug, ?80 9 30 Philadelphia, Pa. Feb, 81 9 31 Staunton, Va May, 81 10

Jan 1, 1923

By Michael J. Kelly

IAMGOLD?s Westwood project is the site for the largest, by volume, bored vent raise in North America. When completed, it will be the fifth largest bored worldwide in a single pass. This paper will review the highest capacity raise drill system ever built (Redbore 100); as well as the technical difficulties in a single pass boring a 2,773 ft x 20 ft to 22 ft diameter raise. The difficult ground conditions and associated problems will be reviewed, as well as the solutions to overcome them. Use of the RVDS drilling tool to achieve .04% accuracy (14.5?) and the Geotube® water filtration system will also be covered.

Oct 1, 2010

By J. West

For many years line-of-sight (LOS) issues for underground mobile equipment is a growing focus of research. This research is a result of the numerous fatalities and injuries which occur in the mining industry and which are related to poor operator LOS. Three assessment methods are currently used to assess operator LOS of underground mobile equipment. The light filament (LF) method is a hands-on assessment method that is performed in the field. This method is not evaluated in this paper. The laser scan (LS) method of assessing equipment is a quick and reliable method that comes from the need to evaluate vehicles already located in the field. The computer simulation (CS) method can assess LOS issues using a computer aided drawing (CAD) model, which is useful for assessing current or prototype models. The purpose of the current research is to compare and validate different operator LOS assessment methods. Comparison of the results of the LS and CS visibility plots yielded similar quantifiable results. A visual comparison of the results further illustrate that the LS and CS methods are acceptable assessment tools for mobile equipment operator LOS evaluation. The visibility assessment methods are now being prepared as guidelines for the mining industry to assess current and potential designs.

Jan 1, 2007

It is difficult, and probably inadvisable, to frame rigid rules for the valuation of alluvial deposits, for such deposits are very diverse in type, varying, for example, according to the mineral sought and according'to the complexity of the deposit which, on one hand, may be a narrow welldefined alluvial strip at the bottom of which is a continuous mineral lead, or, on the other, may be a broad alluvial flat with discontinuous patches of the valuable mineral occurring at different levels throughout the alluvium.However, some definite procedure in valuation must be adopted when dealing with anyone deposit, and the fundamentals of such a procedure are applicable to almost all alluvial deposits.The methods described in this paper are based very largely on the valuation of a specific deposit and, although an attempt has been made to keep the discussion as general as possible, it contains some statements which, if traced to their origin, spring from the writer's association with that deposit. Such statements must be interpreted with sufficient flexibility to be appropriate to whatever area the reader may have in mind.The subject of valuing an alluvial deposit falls naturally into two divisions: The valuation of each borehole; the valuation of the deposit as a whole. The following discussion is therefore dealt with under these two headings.Some general matters are mentioned in a third section.

Jan 1, 1950

By E. Nickel

"Bi- and multilateral banks as well as export credit agencies in the OECD countries, but also numerous commercial banks, last year committed themselves to compliance with the World Bank’s standards. These environmental and social guidelines, also known as the Safeguard Policies, are the strictest international standards in the area of financing of major investment projects. The Safeguard Policies are procedural and quality guidelines by means of which socially and environmentally relevant impacts can be taken into account in the planning and implementation phase of a project. Objectives of the Bank Safeguard Policies are to ensure that environmental and social issues are evaluated in decision-making, to reduce and manage risk of projects and programs, and to provide a mechanism for consultation and disclosure of information. They are often referred to as the "10+1 Safeguard Policies," since ten of the guidelines address environmentally and socially relevant issues, while one guideline is exclusively concerned with public participation ("Public Disclosure"). In the presentation, the transparency of risk management measures and emergency response plans in pipeline projects will be discussed as an indicator of sustainability. The discussion is to be carried out on the basis of the results of an evaluation of several major pipeline projects, which have been financed at least in part by multilateral banks over the past few years. The controversies surrounding some of these projects due environmentally and socially relevant impairments connected with the investments have also been addressed by the Extractive Industry Report of the World Bank. Pipeline construction was the investment type chosen for the examination to be presented here, since pipelines frequently start in remote, unspoiled regions, and their routes often cross various natural zones and areas with various social structures. The question of safety during construction and operation of the line is always central to these projects; not only for the responsible authorities but also for other societal groups involved, such as environmental associations."

Jan 1, 2005

By P. J. van der Walt

The paper1(hereinafter BG) by two respected sampling experts contains sound theory and logic that can?t be directly refuted. Nevertheless, a practitioner knows that there is a broader context in which the practice of sampling takes place. This broader context, being less well defined than the theory of correct sampling, receives correspondingly less exposure which this commentary??prompted by? BG?seeks to rectify. ?Correctness? of a sampler is the central concern of BG, where it is presented as a sharp ?black-and-white ?distinction. Accordingly, comments below are grouped under the following headings: ?Correctness in practice ?Without correctness, what can be done? ?The broader context.

Jan 1, 2002

By Kevin Whipkey

How is Improvement Being Achieved ? Section Equipment ?Mine Layout/Projections ? Work Schedule ? Maintenance ? Management

Jan 1, 2005

Geophysical Abstracts 1 - 86 were issued in mimeographed form by the Bureau of Mines; Abstracts 87 - 111 were published in bulletins of the Geological Survey; Abstracts 112 - 116 were issued in mimeographed form by the Bureau of Mines as Information Circulars 7256, 7257, 7267, 7273 and 7285. 1. GRAVITATIONAL METHODS 7380. Dryden, H. L. A reexamination of the Potsdam Absolute Determination of Gravity. Jour. Research Nat. Bureau of Standards, vol. 29, No. 5, 1942, pp. 303-314.

Jan 1, 1944

By Yves St-Amour, Vince Luongo

This paper will discuss one of the largest construction projects the City of Portland has undertaken. This phase of the Willamette River Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)project consists of approximately 18,500 ft of tunnel in soft ground, requiring the construction of six deep shafts and jet grout ground improvement. The purpose of the project is to reduce volume of combined sewerage overflows from the drainage areas on the west side of the Willamette River. Bencor-Petrifond-Pacchiosi Joint Venture was awarded a contract to design and construct six deep circular shafts, jet grout ground improvement for three bridges and jet grout ground improvement break-in/outs for some shafts. Of the six shafts the Pumping Station Shaft was the deepest and largest, requiring a permanent ground support system with a deep jet grout ground water cut-off to 335-ft deep. The joint venture used state of the art methods and equipment to achieve its objectives and build the structures through some very difficult alluvial soils to great depths next to the Willamette River. The paper will provide a general discussion of the shaft construction and jet grout ground improvement installed for this phase of the project. It will also discuss some of the technical challenges encountered while effectively managing risk and costs, resulting in a successful project completed in a timely manner.

Jan 1, 2005

By K H. Esbensen, A Arkenbout

In the north of the Netherlands, in the environment of Harlingen, an industrial waste incinerator was installed in 2011. The population in the region is concerned about adverse health effects related to possible emission of dioxins. This study compares the relative merit and reliability of four sampling approaches aimed at quantifying the possible pollution patterns surrounding the incinerator: short-term versus long-term isokinetic flue gas sampling, spatial sampling of grasses and a novel approach developed by the Toxicowatch Foundation, based on local composite sampling of ten eggs from backyard chickens (local area pollution load averaging by accumulating bio-entities). Based on the latter approach results of a new analytical bioassay, DR CALUX®, from 15 locations near Harlingen harbour show distinct above-threshold dioxin levels in the environs of the incinerator. Currently only short-term flue gas sampling is mandated by the authorities; based hereupon, under normal operating conditions, the incinerator appears to be compliant with emission standards. This short-term sampling scheme is seriously flawed, however, in that it only demands one continuous 12-hour sampling period per annum – an extreme grab sampling transgression in the time domain. In starkest possible contrast, significantly elevated dioxins emissions were measured in flue gas during events of unstable combustion conditions by continuous long-term measurements. The dioxin congener patterns from long-term flue gas sampling show similar patterns as the congeners found in backyard chicken eggs and grass, evidence that elevated dioxins in eggs is due to emissions from the incinerator. These results make it mandatory to perform long-term, continuous measurements for all sources where similar high-temperature combustion/emission processes take place. Backyard chicken eggs are a prevalent regional bio-accumulating sample type in rural and agricultural regions, which is relevant to air pollution emission monitoring. There are interesting relationships between this type of sampling bio-sensors and the special bioassay DR CALUX® features, which, although quite outside traditional contexts, never-the-less all can be well understood in the context of the Theory of Sampling. We venture to unravel the complex interactions between correct and incorrect sampling errors and the extraordinary complicated analytical issues involved in monitoring and source tracking using accumulating bio-sensors. The present contribution is but a first foray indicating the general total sample error scope and total analytical error framework needed for this approach.CITATION:Arkenbout, A and Esbensen, K H, 2017. Sampling, monitoring and source tracking of dioxins in the environment of an incinerator in the Netherlands, in Proceedings Eighth World Conference on Sampling and Blending , pp 117–124 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

May 9, 2017