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By J. P. Sairrlon, K. G. Wheeland, K. J. Mintz, B. J. Kiener

Iwenty-one ore dusts of varying mineralogy, sulphur content and reputed in-mine explosibility were selected from eight mines. After chemical and mineralogical analysis and sieving into two size fractions (+45/ -63 microns and -45 microns), these sarrples and seven pure minerals were tested for explosibility in oxygen in a Harbnann chamber. '!he maximum explosion pressures and maximum rates of pressure do not correlate with sulphur content alone; the types of minerals are also .important. Residues were analyzed to check the combustion reactions. Further comparisons between laboratory and mine results are planned to improve predictability.

May 11, 1988

By H. J. McQueen

Large-scale industrial production of pipe began with longitudinal hot pressure welding of wrought iron by passage of skelp (narrow strip with beveled edges) through a die or bell that curled it about a longitudinal axis until the edges were forced together. Such small to medium tubes could be reduced by rolling or drawing; with threaded connections, they were excellent for distribution of clean water and of illuminating gas for street, home and industrial lighting. Although steel lacks the fluxing slag for pressure welding it has hot strength similar to iron; hot-pressure bell welding was advantageously transferred to steel in long coiled strip with 50% higher cold strength. For pipe without weld-line defects, hot cupping followed by Pilger mill rolling produced tubing that revolutionized bicycle quality and high-pressure service for boilers and chemical processing. Mannesman hot rotary piercing produced long thick walled tube that permitted reduction or expansion by rolling to provide pipe sections up to 60 cm diameter and 12 m long. During 1910 - 1940, oil and gas pipeline technologies, notably welding evolved markedly as they proliferated in the United States, in response to far-flung petroleum fields, expanding industry consumption and the automobile revolution. In the Second World War combat pipelines were laid rapidly, such as: the Canol line through the Yukon to Alaska, and fuel supply lines across the channel and through liberated France. Perfection of welding techniques for both longitudinal and spiral weld large diameter pipe in combination with controlled-rolling of micro-alloyed steels made possible reliable Arctic pipelines. The development of pipe production and utilization in Canada is recounted. The fabrication techniques and metallurgical controls are explained.

Jan 1, 2005

By D. R. Lentz, C. J. Beaumont-Smith, S. H. Mcclenaghan

"Abstract - The Louvicourt Au-Ag-Cu-Zn-Pb sulfide deposit is hosted by a Middle Ordovician calc-alkaline sequence of aphyric rhyolite flows and associated fragmental rocks at the top of the Flat Landing Brook Formation. The Zr/TiO2 (average = 0.110) and Y/TiO2 (average = 0.021) ratios in the footwall felsic volcanic rocks are consistent with known values for the Reids Brook member. The deposit consists of two concordant lenses of semi-massive to massive sulfides, approximately 150 m long and up to 9 m thick, which represent a fold repetition of a single exhalative horizon. The deposit contains a geologic resource of 136 000 tonnes grading 1.2% Pb, 1.0% Zn, 0.4% Cu, 90.9 g/t Ag, and 0.96 g/t Au; the deposit locally contains elevated Au (2.9 ppm) and Ag (320 ppm) contents. A laterally continuous iron formation that contains barite caps the deposit, and is gradational vertically and laterally into laminated siltstone. The exhalite confirms the stratiform nature of this deposit, but a large percentage of sulfides occur as late replacements of altered felsic fragmental rocks in the footwall. Abundant examples of colloform pyrite and perlitic and spherulitic textures in volcanic clasts are well preserved. The base- and precious-metal content of the Louvicourt deposit is atypical of the Bathurst Mining Camp (BMC). Reported assay data (n = 27) indicate an average Pb/Zn ratio of 2.6, the highest in the BMC (average = 0.39). Lead exhibits a strong Spearman Rank correlation (r' = 0.92) with base metals throughout the sequence, indicating a preponderance of galena in both the stockwork and stratiform zones. The Ag and Au contents in this deposit are among the highest in the BMC and exhibit a Au-Ag- Cu-Pb association. Barite-rich exhalative pyrite exhibits a moderate Au correlation with Ag (r' = 0.77; n = 10) and Cu (r' = 0.76) and occurs in portions of the exhalative sulfides that are enriched in Pb. Chemical exhalative rocks are conformably overlain by trachy-andesitic volcaniclastic (possibly pyroclastic) rocks that are assigned to the Little River Formation. These are enriched in Nb (average = 38.4 ppm) and P2O5 (average = 0.17 wt.%), and have much lower Zr/TiO2 (average = 0.056) and Y/TiO2 (average = 0.0062) relative to rocks higher in the hanging wall. The intermediate volcanic rocks are conformably overlain by massive to pillowed basalt flows and related hyaloclastite that have Nb/Y = 0.60 and high TiO2 contents (average = 2.8 wt.%). This chemistry is consistent with rocks of the Brunswick Mines member (Little River Formation), except that these rocks are considerably enriched in P2O5 (average = 0.82 wt.%). This syngenetic exhalative deposit is unique for the BMC with a high Pb/Zn and elevated Au and Ag contents, as well as an epithermal signature (Sb-Ag-Au-Tl-Hg), analogous to high sulfidation volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Its intimate relationship with an emergent felsic dome (Flat Landing Brook Formation), chlorite-silicate-oxide-sulfide exhalite (locally hematitic), and the abundance of barite are classical features of many of the Kuroko deposits."

Jan 1, 2006

By E. Vesely, A. Saxena

"SAG mill liners are designed for protecting the mill shell and providing lifting power for ore charge and grinding media. Due to the impacts from the charge and the grinding media, the liner experiences dimple, plastic deformation, strain hardening, fatigue, peening and final failure. Because of the collisional environment directly measuring such dynamical loads is extremely difficult if not impossible. In this study we tried to evaluate the liner failure risk by simulating the collisions of solid particles with mill liner using Discrete Element Method (DEM). DEM simulation has been proved to be a very useful tool in evaluation of granular flow and its impacts on the solid structure. But there are certain limits in DEM coherently, such as the number of solid elements, the computer runtime, etc. Here we first present the general feature of the particle-liner collision in terms of impact force and collision energy. Then the effects of parameter selection is discussed. Our simulations show the fatal collisional event of huge impact force is very rare and the collisional events of low impact is much more frequent. The fatal event may contribute most to the liner failure. The rarity of the fatal events may be missed in a short runtime simulation. This technical challenge combined with lacking of criterion to evaluate varying impact loads in fatigue problems may further complicate the evaluation. Should we use the largest impact force alone or we should use the more frequent events is an open question and requires more effort. In order to evaluate the quality of liner design, we proposed a relative comparison method. In the end we show the implication and application of this method in liner optimization by a work example. In particular, the effects of the charge level of grinding balls and their size on the operation performance is presented.INTRODUCTION Grinding is one of the most important and expensive steps of mineral processing. A variety of grinding mills such as rod mills, ball mills, semi-autogenous (SAG) mills and autogenous (AG) mills are being utilized for comminution of mineral ores (Gupta & Yan, 2016). Up to today, SAG mills and AG mills have been widely used to reduce operation costs and increase throughput. In an AG mill, a rotating drum throws larger rocks of ore in a cascading motion which causes impact breakage of larger rocks and compressive grinding of finer particles. Unlike AG mills, SAG mills use steel grinding balls to break ores of size quite small such that they cannot be easily broken in AG mill. SAG mill liners are designed for protecting the mill shell and providing lifting power for ore charge and grinding media. Due to the impacts from the charge and the grinding media, the liner experiences dimple, plastic deformation, strain hardening, fatigue, peening and final failure. Quality and performance of SAG mill liners play a fundamental role to enhance efficiency of grinding mills, because failure of liners is the major cause for unexpected breakdown (Banisi, Hadizadeh, Mahmoudabadi, & Eilkhany, 2006)."

Jan 1, 2019

By J. P. Caulfield

THE Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company's underground mine at Flin Flon, Manitoba, has in the past been serviced by two working shafts-the North Main shaft, and the No. 3 shaft. The North Main shaft is used to hoist the total production from under-ground, and handles the greater part of the mine supplies and crews. The shaft is five-compartment design, rectangular in cross-section, and is equipped entirely with steel shaft sets from the surface to the finished depth of 2,210 feet. Hoisting equipment in the surface plant will not permit the North Main shaft to be extended below its present finished depth. The No. 3 shaft, located approximately 2,300 feet from the North Main shaft, is used primarily as a ventilation shaft, and for hoisting lower-level development waste to the 390 level, where this material is used as mine fill. The No. 3 shaft is of standard rectangular design, timbered with 8-in. by 8-in. creosoted fir sets, hung on 6-foot centres. From the surface to the 1,430 level, the No. 3 shaft consists of three 5 ft. by 5 ft. compartments, and below this level to the completed depth of 2,300 feet, the shaft is increased to four compartments. To service the mine and to expedite development below the 2,210 level, a one and one-half compartment winze was sunk from the 2,210 level to a depth of 766 feet, or approxima tel y the 3,000 level.

Jan 1, 1941

By Jack Parker

"The original design of mine openings and pillars at White Pine was based upon traditional assumptions; i.e., that the principal load is due to the weight of overburden, and that horizontal stresses are equal to one-. third of the vertical.Beginning January, 1964, borehole deformation measurements confirmed suspicions that the principal stress is horizontal and several times greater than the vertical.Vertical stress appears to be directly related to depth, but lateral stresses vary considerably in direction and magnitude. The direction of major principal stress lies parallel to the bedding and is apparently parallel to tension joints. Lateral stresses appear to originate from an igneous intrusive.Mining induces stresses which add to the primitive stresses, in some areas precipitating failure. In this paper, rock failures are illustrated, methods of measurement and typical results are given, and measures to counter or utilize the lateral stresses are described."

Jan 1, 1966

By Enrique I. Acuña

Creighton Mine is part of the mining history of Sudbury with more than 100 years of operation. Currently the deeper levels of the mine are reaching the 8000 ft level without implementation of mechanical refrigeration system as a result of the use of the Natural Heat Exchange Area (NHEA) over the past decades. The NHEA of Creighton Mine is part of an old block caving area divided into 4 blocks of trenches that were used to extract the ore. Currently, it is used year round to condition the outside temperature before the airflow enters the fresh air system of the mine. As the mine is progressing deeper, underground temperatures in the lower levels are starting to approach the limit of Vale?s guidelines for working in heat. This paper presents the study developed to improve the management of the NHEA to obtain cooler temperatures at the intake of the ventilation system and outlines the impact to the mine in terms of the additional level(s) that could be operated underground without the use of mechanical refrigeration. This is another of the efforts currently under development for energy conservation and to reduce the capital and operational costs of Creighton Mine while extending the expected life of the mine.

Oct 1, 2010

By Richard Stewart

There are highly competitive world markets in most of the minerals being mined today. The high standard of living we enjoy in North America results in ever increasing productivity through mechanization and automation. Conventional underground and open-pit mining practices throughout the world are constantly changing to reflect the engineering advances of our technology. New records in tunneling, shaft sinking and excavating are being established. Larger and faster equipment is in production. Mining operations are being studied in detail to improve materials, methods and machines. Standards and controls are being established to measure the performance of people and equipment. These steps all tend to improve our present performance. In addition to these short-range improvements, however, there are the basic research and applied research studies which are aimed at developing entirely new approaches to our mining problems. Basic research in rock mechanics is coupled with applied research in rock penetration, fragmentation and stabilization.

Jan 1, 1963

"Pilot plants for pressure hydrometallurgy represent special design and project execution challenges. Over the past twenty years, Zeton has designed and fabricated a variety of world-class pressure hydrometallurgical pilot-plant facilities, and this paper discusses design considerations and strategies related to such projects. Project execution methods are also discussed, and guidance is given for the selection of materials of construction and for the selection of appropriate pressure and temperature design points for pressure hydrometallurgical pilot equipment. The paper concludes with a discussion of the need for process similarity with future commercial operations and the realities of pilot-scale equipment.INTRODUCTIONThe process technology developer or owner and the designer/fabricator of a new pilot-plant facility are faced with some difficult technical choices even after the decision to build a dedicated plant has been taken. A pilot-plant project is usually on the critical path of a large commercial project involving investments many multiples greater than the capital cost of the pilot plant. Schedule savings in the design, manufacture, and commissioning of the pilot plant or in a rapid completion of the experimental program can be disproportionately beneficial to the overall development project. However, inappropriate shortcuts resulting in major oversights can be disproportionately problematic.A number of considerations and suggestions for both the project execution approach and the process engineering design of pressure hydrometallurgical pilot-plant facilities are presented as a guide for potential owners and operators of new pilot-plant equipment and facilities."

Jan 1, 2012

By S. C. Tadolini

"Roof bolts are the primary means of roof support in underground mines in the United States. Presently, post installation loads are measured on about 10% of the expansion anchor and combination bolts by using standard torque wrenches that Unit the accuracy of the measurements to about ±30%. No system has been available for measuring the loads generated on full-column resin grouted bolts. Mine roof bolts are long, slender, non-uniformly sized, roughly forged, and placed in a corrosive environment, creating obstacles for researchers trying to utilize ultrasonic reflection techniques to measure strain. A complete measurement system has now been developed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, Denver Research Center. This system is being used successfully in determining loads measured on expansion anchor and combination bolting systems, examining the transfer mechanics of full-column, resin-grouted bolts, and measuring loads generated on bolts in an underground roadway support system.IntroductionMillions of roof bolts are used each year to provide structural support in underground U.S. metal, non-metal, and coal mines. Approximately 45% of the bolts used are expansion anchor, 45% are resin-assisted combination or full-column resin-grouted, and 10% are friction anchored. The effectiveness of these bolting types is dependent on a number of factors including rock density, bolt length, in situ stresses, rock properties, bolt pattern, installation tension, etc. When implementing expansion anchor and resin assisted combination bolts , installation and post-installation tension, or load, is a major determinant of support quality and subsequent behaviour of the reinforced roof. The method by which these systems carry roof loads is well understood and documented(1,2).The importance of these installation and long-term bolt tension measurements is well recognized and are required in the federal government regulations(3). A statistical sample of the bolts, lout of 4 during installation and lout of 10 inby the last open crosscut, is required to be measured using current torque wrench technology. The disadvantages of this system are the disturbance and weakening of the anchorage and limitations of accuracy to approximately ± 30%. The method by which resin-grouted bolting systems carry roof loads is much less understood, mainly because testing procedures used to evaluate point-anchor systems are not effective on resin-grouted bolts.Due to these problems, the U.S. Bureau of Mines designed a measurement technique that provided a highly accurate, low cost-per- bolt system that led to the development of ultrasonic pulse echo instrumentation. The original system was designed to measure the tension only on expansion anchor bolts. Recent developments and system modifications have permitted measurements on resin-assisted and full-column resin-grouted bolts. The use of these types of support systems has been increasing steadily in underground coal mines.The development of this instrumentation has provided laboratory and field results that help to explain the mechanics and relationships between the applied loads and the interaction between the grouted bolt system consisting of the bolt tendon, grout, and rock."

Jan 1, 1990

By S. N. Dixon

"Maximizing the value of each tonne of processed ore is the goal for all operations. Cyanidation processing of gold-copper ores has been challenging since its first use in 1889. The current practice treats a bleed or the total flow of mill solution to recover copper as copper sulfide (by sulfidization, acidification, recycling, and thickening), or to recover the cyanide (by acidification-volatilizationneutralization). The process presented uses the adsorption of copper cyanide by carbon and the selective elution of copper from carbon to concentrate copper into a smaller stream. Copper contained in the smaller stream is precipitated as copper cyanide.RÉSUMÉ Toutes les exploitations ont pour objectif commun d’optimiser la valeur de chaque tonne de minerai traité. Depuis sa première utilisation en 1889, la méthode de traitement par cyanuration des minerais aurifère et cuprifère s’est révélée complexe. La pratique actuelle traite la saignée ou le débit total d’une solution de traitement du concentrateur pour récupérer le cuivre sous la forme de sulfure de cuivre (par sulfuration, acidification, recyclage et épaississement), ou pour récupérer le cyanure (par acidification, volatilisation et neutralisation). Le procédé présenté dans cet article utilise l’adsorption sur charbon actif de la solution de cyanure de cuivre et l’élution sélective du cuivre depuis le charbon pour concentrer le cuivre en un plus petit jet. Le cuivre contenu dans ce plus petit jet est précipité sous forme de cyanure de cuivre."

Jan 1, 2017

By J. Ouellet

The authors participated in a study for a new mine shaft in Saskatchewan?s Athabasca Basin where ground freezing is desired to reduce water inflows. Constraints were imposed on the design in terms of permissible water leakage (less than 10 m3 / hour) inside the shaft. Since the shaft goes through highly permeable formations, water control measures had to be incorporated into the design. Ground freezing was selected as the most reliable and proven method for the sinking and a hydrostatic liner design was implemented. While exploring various technological options available for providing a fully hydrostatic liner, the authors came up with a new design concept that offers a more cost effective solution while meeting all the design constraints. The new liner concept is a composite design using concrete and a sprayed-on membrane system. A proof of concept program comprising laboratory testing and field testing was successfully implemented. This paper presents the innovative liner design, as well as the adapted sinking methodology, developed for this type of project. The new concept offers a new cost effective high performance hydrostatic mine shaft liner comparing favorably with traditional methods. RESUME: Les auteurs ont réalisé une étude pour un nouveau puits de mine dans le Bassin de l?Athabasca en Saskatchewan. Des limites sévères sont imposées sur le design en terme de volume d?infiltration d?eau acceptable (moins de 10 m3 / heure). Comme ce puits de mine traverse des formations très perméables la congélation des terrains a été sélectionnée, une méthode éprouvée et fiable. Un design hydrostatique a été choisi pour le revêtement du puits. Dans le processus de design, les différentes technologies disponibles ont été étudiées. Les auteurs ont développé un nouveau concept de revêtement composite offrant un rapport performance/prix plus avantageux que les technologies conventionnelles. Le nouveau design proposé est composé de béton et d?une membrane projetée. Un programme expérimental a été réalisé pour démontrer la faisabilité du concept. Cet article présente le nouveau concept ainsi que la méthodologie de fonçage de puits adaptée. Ce concept innovateur offre un revêtement hydrostatique performant à un cout avantageux par rapport aux techniques de construction utilisées jusqu'à maintenant.

Jun 1, 2012

By D. J. Scarpato

"Slope construction in shale can present some interesting challenges for geotechnical design engineers and contractors alike. There are challenges that can be expected and designed-for; however, all too frequently, such challenges manifest themselves as “surprises” in the field. Common constructability challenges can include those such as drill hole deviation during drilling for controlled blasting; and, excavation slope instability arising from inconsistent perimeter control drilling. Drill hole deviation results from the cumulative effects from both drilling mechanics and rock mass conditions. Once a hole has initiated the deviation trajectory, it is difficult to rectify drill steel position. Although such challenges are not necessarily unique to shale, they are often exacerbated by weak, weathered and transversely isotropic nature of bedrock conditions. All too often, the working assumption is that shale is “soft” and easily excavatable; however, this blanket assumption can prove to be costly. This paper is intended to provide design professionals and contractors with the practical considerations needed to avoid the “surprises” associated with drill hole deviation, and minimize the potential for costly claims.INTRODUCTIONFor all the slopes that have been excavated worldwide, and for such advancements in excavation technology and field characterization, one might be tempted to believe that the industry almost has slope development down to a science. This is frequently not the case, especially for weak/weathered and anisotropic bedrock. Excavation contractors are still pushed to the limits of what their technology can achieve, and engineers are all too often called to the field during construction, to make potentially risky onthe- fly decisions relative to excavatability, short and long-term slope stability, and project safety. Although there have been a host of other research papers and journal articles that have been written on the subject of deviation over the past 30 years (Brown, Geen, Sinha, 1981), the problems associated with drill hole deviation are still all too frequent. This fact is especially true for civil engineering surface excavations in bedrock."

Jan 1, 2015

By M. Kuyumcu

After German reunification the mining industry in former East Germany was profoundly restructured. Beside privatization of profitable companies the public sector took over responsibility for the mining operations to be shut down. Therefore state-owned companies cope with technical, ecological, and social challenges. The rehabilitation and reclamation has to rededicate former mining areas to new use and provided new jobs as well. In the lignite mining districts there are around 100,000 ha of mining area, a mining caused disturbance to the groundwater balance and to the system of surface water bodies of approx. 390,000 ha. They are called the largest landscape construction site in Europe. In addition to the results and diverse experience achieved over the past 23 years, a description will follow of our new challenges and of an outlook on remaining tasks. This article will describe the financing, as well as aspects of the jobcreation policy arising from lignite industry remediation.

Aug 1, 2013

By Terry Gerritsen, Sylvain Picard, Bruce MacKay

Virtually all new technologies require a control system. Any intense process has many process variables that react quickly making manual control difficult. Control system design has a significant impact on the success of a plant especially during ramp-up. New technology projects are particularly sensitive to control system design as the process response is unknown. This paper discusses the important factors encountered in the design of a control system for a new technology. Examples are given of successful new technology plant start-ups where tight coordination of the process control system implementation, process design and selection major equipment led to rapid ramp-ups.

Jan 1, 2011

By A. G. Ballachey

Introduction This paper will describe the mining plant and underground operations at Quemont. Details of geology and milling are beyond its scope. Papers on these subjects will be prepared and presented separately. A detailed account of the exploration and development, 1944 to 1947, has been given by W. L. Brown (1). Location The mining concessions of Quemont Mining Corporation, Limited, are in Rouyn township, Rouyn-Noranda county, northwestern Quebec. These concessions total about 640 acres in area. They lie within the limits of the City of Noranda, contiguous to, and directly north of, the Horne mine of Noranda Mines, Limited. A large area in the southern part of the property is covered by the north arm of Osisko lake. Production The present operating rate is about 2,100 tons per day. Three flotation concentrates are produced: copper, containing a large proportion of the gold and silver in the ore; zinc; and pyrite, which carries an appreciable additional proportion of gold. The copper and zinc concentrates are shipped to smelters as produced. The pyrite concentrate is cyanided to recover additional gold, after which it is filtered, dried, and shipped for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. The principal revenue metals are copper, gold, and zinc. Silver and pyrite are important by-products.

Jan 1, 1952

By Don Ritz

Smart leaders focus on safety even in tough times. Businesses that retreat into survival mode and ignore safety do so at their peril, risking loss of employee and stakeholder confidence and exposing themselves to financial and reputational loss they can ill afford. It?s a moment of truth when employees and stakeholders learn whether safety is truly your priority or just a convenient cliché for good times. Visionary leaders who build safety culture even in a downturn maintain people?s trust, prevent loss, and position the organization for enhanced success as times improve. Safety is the right business focus in good times and bad.

May 1, 2009

By Mario Gerards, Axel Wellendorf, Arulnesan Rajesh

"In times of increasing energy cost and global demand for improved machine technology, the optimization of industrial mineral processes in terms of efficiency and production cost is an important factor when choosing industrial equipment suppliers. Of course this applies for screening machines, feeders and distributers as well!Besides of the ability of a screening machine for being adjustable to changing requirements during the production process itself, it becomes more and more important to choose the correct screening machine type, peripheral equipment for arising screening tasks and to optimize the overall design of the screening machine starting at a very early stage.The different types of screening machines bring many advantages and disadvantages with them. The selection of the correct type of screening machine can improve the flow rate, energy, efficiency, yield, quality, output, availability and decrease the maintenance costs and structural steel work.The machine optimization has to be a consecutive process in which at any time results of simulation and “real-life measurement” are compared and the findings are implemented in machine development and design. As an example, it is possible to reduce machine weight and reinforce the steel structure of a screening machine at the same time, which enables the manufacturer to use smaller drives for the screen.This paper will present the methods ANSYS and 3D Solid Works used at RHEWUM GmbH for this way of optimizing machine design and construction and examples for results gained from this continuous improvement process."

Jan 1, 2016

By Lanny Pasternak

"This article is directed at plant production, engineering and maintenance personnel. Seldom does any industrial operation take the time to study the costs involved in the generation of what is probably their most expensive plant utility energy source.IntroductionIn the typical industrial plant in Canada, a 200 hp, 900 cfm, air compressor costs about $60,000* per year to operate (Fig. 1). In 1989 when BC Hydro embarked on their industrial energy management program Airflow Energy Ltd. were asked to spearhead the “Efficiency Compressed Air” portion of that program with a mandate to perform onsite overview surveys and physical hands-on testing of some 300 selected industrial plants throughout British Columbia for compressor efficiencies and wasteful air leaks (Fig. 2). The program duration lasted until 1995, during which time a tremendous amount of data were amassed relating to equipment types, clients’ operating habits, end-use applications and operating costs.During the past six years, Airflow Energy also performed somewhat similar surveys but on a smaller scale in Alberta, Ontario, the United States and the Republic of China. It was no surprise to find some inherent equipment concerns related to efficiency as well as neglected energy wasteful air leaks, so British Columbia was not alone and the problems appear somewhat universal."

Jan 1, 1996

By Anthony J. Deevy

"The Magino gold mine is located 45 km northeast of Wawa, Ontario. There was limited gold production in the late thirties. The present operation was officially opened in October 1988 and produced gold until September 1992. It was a 635 tonnes per day, decline-accessed mine, with ore coming from several small blast hole and shrinkage stopes.The host for the gold is the Webb Lake granodiorite stock which was intruded into the Goudreau Lake Deformation Zone. This east-northeast-striking deformation zone overprints the generally east-west- striking isoclinally folded metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks, which make up the east end of the Michipicoten greenstone belt. The ore-shoots are controlled by dextral delatancy associated with the Goudreau Lake Deformation Zone. Shearing, bleaching and silicification accompanied the gold emplacement. IntroductionThe following is a general information paper on the Magino gold mine which is located 45 km- northeast of Wawa toward the east end of the Michipicoten greenstone belt. This paper summarizes the discovery, exploration and development history of the deposit. The geological characteristics are described, including regional geological setting, local mine geology, mineralization, alteration and structural history. The mining methods and the contribution of the geological staff to the successful development and mining of the gold deposit are also mentioned."

Jan 1, 1994