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  • IMMS
    Mineral Phases and Element Associations of Ferromanganese Crusts, Amerasia Basin Arctic Ocean, Based on Sequential Leaching

    By Natalia Konstantinova, Kira Mizell, James R. Hein, Georgy Cherkashov, Amy Gartman, Pavel Mikhailik

    INTRODUCTION Ferromanganese (FeMn) crusts from Mendeleev Ridge, Chukchi Borderland, and Alpha Ridge, in the Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean, are similar based on morphology and chemical composition. The

    Jan 1, 2018

  • IMMS
    Geochemistry Of Fluids From Southern Kermadec Frontal Arc Hydrothermal Systems

    By Gary J. Massoth

    Are hydrothermal emissions from subduction-related volcanic arcs important to the total hydrothermal burden of the oceans? While historical observations of hydrothermal venting of fluids at mid-ocean

    Jan 1, 2001

  • IMMS
    Conceptual Methods Of Deep Sea Mineral Exploration In The Central Pacific - Introduction

    By David S. Cronan

    The traditional method of deep sea manganese nodule exploration is to conduct grid survey and sampling on successively finer scales until a suitable deposit has been delineated. Clearly this is both

    Jan 1, 2003

  • IMMS
    Metal Mobilization in Hydrothermal Sediments (84725873-4fd0-4e12-bde1-d84f8b2f15ba)

    By Sofia Martins, Anna Lichtschlag, Sven Petersen, Fernando Barriga, Bramley Murton, Adeline Dutrieux

    "Sediments in the vicinity of the hydrothermal seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) mounds are characterized by high concentration of metallic particles. They result from a long process of weathering of th

    Jan 1, 2017

  • IMMS
    Shallow Drilling Of Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: The Missing Link

    By Peter M. Herzig

    In September-October 2002, shallow seafloor drilling using the 5 m-Rockdrill of the British Geological Survey and the German R/V Sonne has revealed critical information on the sub-surface nature of tw

    Jan 1, 2002

  • IMMS
    Deep-Sea Mining: Intersections with Other Activities

    By Det Juridiske Fakultet, Maria Madalena das Neves

    The ocean is increasingly seen as the answer for a myriad of challenges facing humankind. In effect, in addition to being vital for transportation and communication, the oceans contain living and non-

    Jan 1, 2018

  • IMMS
    Physicochemical And Hydrodynamical Controls On Methane Bubble Dissolution Within The Hydrate Stability Field

    By G. Rehder

    The release of methane as free gas from the seafloor into the water-column well within the hydrate stability field is a natural process observed today in various ocean settings, such as the Cascadia m

    Jan 1, 2005

  • IMMS
    MUM – Large Modifiable Underwater Mother Ship

    By Pia-Maria Haselberger, Marc Schiemann, Christian Frühling, Nicolas Richter, Hendrik Wehner, Andreas Kaschube

    "The paper provides the principle considerations for a novel vehicle class within the scope of the project Large Modifiable Underwater Mothership (MUM). The main idea for these ships is to create a hi

    Jan 1, 2017

  • IMMS
    Temporal Variation Of Environmental Characteristics By Changing Water Column Structure In The Northeast Equatorial

    By Seung-Kyu Son

    Environmental properties of the northeast Equatorial Pacific along 131.5 degrees west, between 5 degrees and 13 degrees north latitude, were investigated in association with changes in water column st

    Jan 1, 2001

  • IMMS
    Hydrogenetic Fe-Mn Crusts From The Atlantic And Pacific Oceans: Geological Evolution And Conditions Of Formation (87b4258a-f4bd-41f2-89e2-6fee198dbc10)

    By Irina A. Pulyaeva

    Hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts are ubiquitous in the ocean basins and play an important role in marine mineral-deposit research because of their widespread occurrence and high concentrations of valuable an

    Jan 1, 2011

  • IMMS
    Ocean Diamond Mining's Quest For More Efficient Diamond Recovery

    By André. C. Louw

    Diamond production from the reworked beach and river channel gravels along the west coasts of South Africa and Namibia is well known throughout the world, not only for the exceptional quality of the d

    Jan 1, 1998

  • IMMS
    Tellurium-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts

    By James R. Hein

    Ferromanganese oxyhydroxide crusts (Fe-Mn crusts) precipitate out of cold ambient seawater onto hard-rock surfaces at water depths of about 600-4000 m throughout the ocean basins. Fe-Mn crusts concen

    Jan 1, 2000

  • IMMS
    Dating of Iron Oxide Crusts in the Study of Submarine Hydrothermal Events and Mineral Deposition ? Introduction

    By Robert G. Ditchburn

    The NW caldera hydrothermal vent field at Brothers volcano, of the Kermadec-Tonga arc, has associated massive sulfide mineralization. This includes an abundance of black smoker chimneys that contain s

    Jan 1, 2010

  • IMMS
    The Modern Massive Sulfide Deposits In The North Fiji Basin (NFB): Results From The SO 134 Cruise In August/September 1998

    By Peter Halbach

    The two HYFIFLUX cruises of the German RV SONNE (SO 99/1995 and SO 134/1998) were organized in the framework of a co-operation between several German universities and two European marine research part

    Jan 1, 2000

  • IMMS
    Policy Considerations Related To Future Marine Minerals Developments Off Hawai'i

    By John C. Wiltshire

    Hawai'i is surrounded by a series of potentially valuable marine mineral deposits. These include manganese nodules between Hawai'i and Mexico, cobalt-rich manganese crusts and phosphorites i

    Jan 1, 1996

  • IMMS
    Geological Limitation on Distribution of Manganese Nodules in the South China Sea

    By Huaiyang Zhou

    It has been long known that manganese nodules occur more or less in some part of marginal seas in West Pacific Ocean. On the other hand, it is difficult to understand their distribution and the genesi

    Sep 14, 2011

  • IMMS
    Exploring Submarine Volcanic Arcs From The Hydrothermal Plume Perspective

    By Gary J. Massoth

    Wherever hydrothermal fluids vent from the seafloor they will buoyantly rise (up to 100?s of meters) while mixing with seawater before attaining density equilibrium and dispersing laterally as neutral

    Jan 1, 2002

  • IMMS
    Summary Report Of The 2002 Survey Cruise For Cobalt-Rich Manganese Crust In The EEZ Of The Marshall Islands

    By Yoshitaka Hosoi

    The survey of the cobalt-rich crust of the Republic of the Marshall Islands was carried out in 1996 and 1998, as the cooperative study project between Japan and SOPAC member countries, and at the thir

    Jan 1, 2003

  • IMMS
    Finding Inactive And Sub-Seafloor Massive Sulfide Deposits In Deep Ocean Floors

    By Fernando J. A. S. Barriga

    Exploration for active seafloor hydrothermal vent fields has been highly successful, and more than 300 such fields have been discovered to date. Some will most probably be mined, given their high meta

    Jan 1, 2011

  • IMMS
    Shallow Submarine Hydrothermal Systems along the Tonga Island Arc

    By Ulrich Schwarz-Schampera

    Submarine hydrothermal vents and associated mineralization on the Tonga arc have been identified in the summit calderas of two shallow-water volcanoes. The highest temperature vents (up to 270°C) occu

    Jan 1, 2010