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By G. Roy, D. R. Lentz, A. O. Wills

"Abstract - Diamond-drill hole DDH-B357, located 1.5 km north of the Brunswick No. 6 Zn-Pb- Cu-Ag volcanic-sediment-hosted massive sulfide (VSHMS) deposit, intersects three exhalative horizons within variably altered felsic volcanic rocks of the Nepisiguit Falls and Flat Landing Brook formations. These three petrographically indistinguishable iron formation intervals (Fe2O3T = 21.4 wt.%) likely represent cogenetic hydrothermal sedimentary units because they display a common geochemical signature: Fe2O3T = 42.9 ± 10.5 wt.%, MnO = 5.4 ± 3.1 wt.%, elevated base metal values (Zn+Pb = 1999 ± 1091 ppm), strong enrichment in additional exhalative components (CaO = 5.3 ± 3.9 wt.%; P2O5 = 1.43 ± 1.00 wt.%), oxidized signature (Fe/Mn = 10 ± 6), as well as a common immobile element signature (Zr/TiO2 = 0.025 ± 0.007) representative of a pelagic source. The calc-alkaline to transitional host volcanic rocks can be discriminated by Zr/TiO2, and to a lesser extent by Th/Nb: Nepisiguit Falls Formation: Zr/TiO2 = 0.053 ± 0.004, Th/Nb = 1.08 ± 0.37; Flat Landing Brook Formation: Zr/TiO2 = 0.107 ± 0.043, Th/Nb = 0.86 ± 0.17. A symmetrical repetition of the footwall-iron formation-hanging wall stratigraphic sequence is observed in DDH-B357, with distinct felsic volcanic rock domains separated by the three iron formations. This is best explained by parasitic F2 folds on the west flank of the south-plunging Brunswick antiform, similar to the fold closures known to host massive sulfide accumulations in the Brunswick No. 6 and No. 12 mines. Iron formation geochemistry and felsic volcanic rock chemostratigraphy from drill core sampling can provide an effective mineral exploration tool for the structurally complex rocks of the Bathurst Mining Camp. Sommaire - Le forage au diamant DDH-B357, situé à 1.5 km au nord du gisement de Sulfures Massifs à Encaissant Volcanique et Sédimentaire (SMEVS) de Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag Brunswick No. 6 recoupe trois horizons exhalatifs au sein des roches volcaniques felsiques diversement altérées des formations de Nepisiguit Falls et de Flat Landing Brook. Ces trois intervalles de formation de fer, impossibles à distinguer pétrographiquement les uns des autres, représentent vraisemblablement des unités sédimentaires hydrothermales cogénétiques sur la base de leur signature géochimique commune: Fe2O3T = 42.9 ± 10.5 % poids, MnO = 5.4 ± 3.1 % poids, des teneurs élevées en métaux usuels (Zn+Pb = 1999 ± 1091 ppm), un fort enrichissement en composantes exhalatives additionnelles (CaO = 5.3 ± 3.9 % poids; P2O5 = 1.43 ± 1.00 % poids), une signature oxydée (Fe/ Mn = 10 ± 6), ainsi qu’une signature d’éléments immobiles communs (Zr/TiO2 = 0.025 ± 0.007) indicative d’une source pélagique. Les roches volcaniques encaissantes calco-alcalines à transitionnelles peuvent êtres reconnues par leur rapport Zr/TiO2, et à un moindre degré par leur rapport Th/Nb: Formation de Nepisiguit Falls: Zr/TiO2 = 0.053 ± 0.004, Th/Nb = 1.08 ± 0.37; Formation de Flat Landing Brook: Zr/TiO2 = 0.107 ± 0.043, Th/Nb = 0.86 ± 0.17. Une répétition symétrique de la séquence stratigraphique Mur-Formation de Fer-Toit a été observée dans le forage DDH-B357, avec des domaines distincts constitués de roches volcaniques felsiques séparés par les trois formations de fer. La meilleure explication est que le flanc ouest de l’anticlinal Brunswick à plongée sud est affecté par des plis parasites F2, similaires aux zones de charnière contenant les sulfures massifs des mines Brunswick No. 6 et No. 12. La géochimie des formations de fer et la chimiostratigraphie des roches volcaniques felsiques en forage peuvent fournir un outil d’exploration minérale efficace dans les roches structuralement complexes du Camp Minier de Bathurst."

Jan 1, 2006

By H. J. McQueen

Before 1950, hot working was simply deforming above the recrystallization point and gave a soft product compared to cold working. From 1960 onwards, improved testing in compression and torsion (stress, strain rate, temperature, quenching) provided valid specimens for microstructural analysis by polarized optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Indeed, TEM was essential to uncovering the hot working mechanisms because it could distinguish between cold and hot substructures (dynamic recovery) in either initial or new grains (dynamic recrystallization). Over the years, teams at Concordia, McGill and UBC obtained NSERC support for students and equipment. CANMET built up a hot forming group having capabilities from high-rate cam-plastometer compression to rolling of experimental alloy billets; this was combined with latest metallographic instruments for fundamental research. Al alloys of every class (2000, 3000, 5000, 7000, 8000) were studied to understand the effects of solutes, precipitates, dispersoids and composites. The complex flow patterns in extrusion were clarified and modeled by finite element methods. Physical simulations of rolling schedules (up to 20 passes and reductions of 98%) by torsion provided evidence of microstructure development during both the passes and the softening intervals, thus clarifying development of texture in different alloys. The results frequently appeared in proceedings of Light Metals symposia and Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly

Jan 1, 2011

By W. R. Gunter

"INTRODUCTIONThis article documents the current non-metallic mineral s resources of Manitoba (Fig. I), and makes comparisons with currently producing deposits in North America and elsewhere in the world. Industrial minerals may lack the glamour of gold, silver or the base metals, but they contributed approximately 20070 to the value of Manitoba's raw materials, and even out-performed our petroleum industry, except during the oil boom of the early eighties (Fig. 2). Values per tonne of industrial commodities can be as high or higher than for base metal ores. Commodity prices (Canadian), listed in the February 1988 issue of Industrial Minerals magazine, are: talc $202.00 - $306.00, sillimanite $427.00; kaolin $69.00 - $270.00; garnet $175.00 - $250.00; and mica $405.00 - $540.00. The prices are converted to Canadian dollars using the prevailing exchange rates of February I, 1988. Some commodities are not sold by weight. Building stone, for example, is sold by the cubic foot. An average rough granite block, 4 ft by 4 ft by 8 ft, is worth approximately $2000 sitting on the quarry 1100r in southeastern Manitoba (Fig. 3).Thus, not all rocks that do not contain sulphides are worthless. Some may be extracted more profitably than either the base or precious-metal bearing varieties.Industrial Mineral CommoditiesThe commodities available in Manitoba are described in two categories: (1) those already in production that have additional development or expansion potential, and (2) those not in production logical information available at this time.Current Industrial Mineral ProductionThe commodities described herein are currently in commercial production in Manitoba (Fig. 4). These mineral products also have good market expansion potential provided additional geological and market research is conducted. The use of company names in reference to sundry products and locations should not be interpreted as specific endorsement by the Government of Manitoba. The numbers following the commodity name refer to Figure 1. that have good development potential on the basis of geo-"

Jan 1, 1989

By J. A. H. Church

The report is too voluminous to be considered in detail within the scope of a single paper, so I will confine my consideration of it to the broader aspects, leaving other members to deal with points of particular interest. The method of presentation leaves one with an uneasy sense of prolixity and confusion of thought; the foreword by the Chairman may well be accepted as a true index of the whole. His argument amounts to this: Recognizing at the outset the futility of divided counsels, it was deemed advisable to arrive at unanimity. To this end, some members subscribed to views to which they do not whole-heartedly assent, thus giving weight to conclusions with which they were at variance. Unanimity cannot be qualified-either it exists or is absent-and, moreover, in the text of the Com-mission I can find no word that unanimity is required. Surely it would have been preferable to have a unanimous report covering such aspects as were acceptable to all members, with minority reports by individual members on such other aspects as were controversial, leaving it to the Government to give such weight to the divergent views as the personality of their sponsors might warrant. In the final analysis the value of an opinion varies directly as the personality of its exponent.

Jan 1, 1926

By Lionel A. York

This paper outlines the type of water-bearing formations encountered in the Prairie Sediments and describes a method for effectively sealing these zones in order that shaft-sinking operations may be carried out with safety. Details are given of the procedure for carrying probe holes ahead of the shaft bottom. These probe or grout holes are employed for establishing a series of overlapping grout covers around the proposed shaft excavation to safeguard against large inflows of water during sinking. The pattern and length of grout covers cannot be standardized, and each cover needs to be specially designed to suit the varying ground conditions. In order to provide effective protection through the Prairie Sediments, the number of holes in any one cover would not be less than 8, and possibly as many as 64 would be required in certain zones. The length of covers would vary from 100 ft. to 250 ft. Emphasis is placed on the need for obtaining accurate geological and water information from exploratory holes, drilled in the shaft vicinity, in order to effectively plan all grout covers.

Jan 1, 1964

By Kaiwen Xia, Bibhu Mohanty, Per Svedensten, Sheng Huang

"The mechanics of crushing and grinding operations in mining and excavation processes has been investigated in a laboratory simulation study. It employs a multi-particle bedded rock target, which is subjected to multiple impacts. The impact set-up consists of a Hopkinson pressure bar and a Piston-holder system. The apparatus, employing a 38 mm diameter pressure bar, was used to apply varying but calibrated dynamic loading force on the rock particles. The energy consumed by the sample during fragmentation was determined by considering the energy carried by the incident wave and the reflected wave. The Pistonholder system is used to hold rock samples and to recycle fragments after each test for particle size analysis, for single as well as multiple impacts. The feed size selected was in the range of 9.5 to 12.7 mm for all rock samples, and the impact velocity was set at 14 m/s. Two strong granitic rocks and a relatively weak limestone were the target rocks. The resulting particle size distribution after each set of impacts, ranging from single to 10 consecutive impacts, were analyzed, and various size distribution functions (i.e. Rosin- Rammler, Swebrec, Grady and Gilvarry functions) were fitted to compare their suitability in predicting the fragment size distribution for each rock type. INTRODUCTIONCrushers are widely used in the mining industry all over the world. Understanding fragmentation behaviour of rock under crushing process is fundamental to improved productivity and efficiency in mining operations. This is particularly so as all subsequent size reduction processes such as crushing and grinding are far more energy intensive than the initial blasting process employed in breaking of in situ rock. A considerable body of experimental studies exists on the behaviour of rock crushers for specific rock types in order to aid in the design of various types of crushers. However, these studies are mainly site specific, that is, the results are largely empirical, and the fundamentals of fracture process that lead to size reduction have not been dealt with adequately. Most such studies have attempted to link the input parameters, such as feed size and crusher parameters, with output particle size, and global energy expended in the process. However the physical mechanism of crushing process is still not well understood. First of all, the energy consumed by the rock sample is hard to calculate during standard crushing or grinding tests; secondly, multi-particle test is hard to perform in the laboratory due to irregular shape of the subject rock sample. In This paper, describes a laboratory crushing apparatus for multi-particle rock samples, with sufficient control of the energy expended in the process, with a view to relate creation of new fracture surfaces in the size reduction process."

Jan 1, 2015

By D. Tao

Froth flotation is widely used in the coal industry to clean -28 mesh or -100 mesh fine coal. A successful recovery of particles by flotation depends on efficient particle-bubble collision and attachment with minimal subsequent particle detachment from bubble. Flotation is effective in a narrow size range outside which the flotation efficiency drops sharply. A fundamental analysis has shown that use of picobubbles can significantly improve the flotation recovery of particles by increasing the probability of collision and attachment and reducing the probability of detachment. A specially designed column with a picobubble generator has been developed for enhanced recovery of fine coal particles. Picobubbles were produced based on the hydrodynamic cavitation principle. Experimental results with one metallurgical coal and one steam coal have shown that the use of picobubbles in a 2" column flotation increased fine coal recovery by 10-30%, depending on the feed rate, collector dosage, and other flotation conditions. Picobubbles also acted as a secondary collector and reduced the collector dosage by one third to one half.

Jan 1, 2006

By Robert A. MacGregor

"Following several months of test work, water leaching in mined-out areas at Stanrock commenced on a production basis in February, 1963. A combination of fast high-pres-sure washing and rewashing of stopes on a predetermined cycle, and the intermittent sprinkling of low-grade heaps, using both fresh water and recirculated acid water, has proved most successful. There was also a correlation of daily sampling data points to a relationship between the leach water grade and the grade of the material being washed, the leaching time and the location along the dip. An increasing tolerance for uranium by the acid-producing bacteria is also indicated. A steady production rate of 10,000 to 12,000 lbs. of u.08 per month is being maintained, with an over-all mine water grade of 0.25 lb. per ton and a pH of 2.3."

Jan 1, 1966

By P. A. Distin, Jr. da Silva

The history of commercial processes for zirconium/hafnium production and separation is reviewed. A new technology is then proposed as a potential alternative for zirconium/ hafnium separation in a simpler, cleaner way than achieved with current processes. Primary sources of zirconium always contain small amounts of hafnium that must be removed during production of zirconium metal for nuclear applications. This separation is usually carried out by a solvent extraction process, developed in the 1950s, that selectively extracts hafnium, as a thiocyanate complex, using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). Environmental problems inherent to this process are the high aqueous solubility and low flash point of MIBK, and possible gaseous contaminants formation generated by the decomposition of the thiocyanic complexes in hydrochloric acid medium (H2S, HCN, mercaptan’s formation). The present work shows how these problems could be avoided by using organophosphorous extractants that were unavailable when the MIBK process was developed.

Jan 1, 1998

By E. Swartzman

"IntroductionGENERALLY, the necessity for mining coals of higher impurity content, the drive for lower costs by intensive mine mechanization, changing market requirements, and the increasing competition of oil and natural gas, have continued to result in an upward rise in coal preparation, and have necessitated a more intensive study of coal preparation problems.Increasing adoption of •continuous mining equipment, for example, is introducing new problems in coal preparation. Limited experimental work in the United States (1) shows that the effect of the continuous miner on size distribution varies with the characteristics of the seam. In some seams, the fines problem is lessened, in others it is greatly aggravated. Generally there is a decrease in the relative amount of the top sizes (plus 2 in.) and a substantial increase in the intermediate sizes (down to about 1/8 in.). Contrary to expected results•, where continuous miners with vertical-moving cutting heads are used, an increase in impurities in the slack sizes does not necessarily occur where draw-slate is taken. This is because the draw-slate tends to be kicked out in lump form. However, if a seam contains bands •and lenses of impurities they are bound to be in the mined product."

Jan 1, 1952

By D. W. MacFarlane

In the formation of Oil and Gas Producing Units lawyer& and engineers are interdependent members of the same team. Management is, there-fore, entitled to expect no less than a total cooperative effort from the members of these professions. The petroleum and natural gas lawyer must diligently inform himself on the implications of engineering evidence. Otherwise he can be of little assistance to his engineering witness in a thorough, systematic and convincing presentation of his technical evidence. Conversely, the engineer must appreciate the concern of counsel that quasijudical hearings, whether technical or otherwise, be con-ducted in such a manner as to pre-serve some semblance of organized judicial procedures in the adjudication of property rights. The principal problems in unitization are the participation formula and the adjustment of investment in unit facilities. The equating of oil to gas, the effect of unit infill drilling, the relative values of producing zones and well productivity have •been controversial factors in several Saskatchewan units to date. Perhaps the most perplexing of these has been well productivity. While preserving current income, it may also preserve an ability to drain adjacent tracts plus an inequitable sharing of .reserves properly attributable to secondary recovery operations. However, inequity may also result in depriving an operator of the benefits accruing to him under competitive operations by virtue of his favourable reservoir position or his use of advanced production techniques. The Saskatchewan Oil and Gas Conservation Act has been construed by the Department of Mineral Resources as •completely negating any benefits inherent in the rule of capture when determining equities under unit operations. Under adjustment of investment provisions, large cash flows between owners of exploited acreage should be avoided upon the creation of a unit. These provisions should not deprive any company of the benefits it may have obtained under competitive operations in producing its fair share of the reservoir at a lower net cost per barrel than its competitors. Unitization should be concerned with physical conservation rather than in equalizing production costs as between operators.

Jan 1, 1960

By J. R. Dinn

On the afternoon of Saturday, June 23rd last; there was an unusual occurrence at the surface plant of the Dominion Coal Company's Caledorria mine, Glace Bay, which operates on the Phalen seam, here lying at a depth of 170 feet from the surface. On that day, the writer, who was attending a business conference in the General Office about a mile distant from the Colliery, received a telephone call to the effect that there was a strong odour of gasoline or kerosene in the wash-house and lamp-house of the Colliery, and that the attendants in both the wash-house and the lamp-house had become ill and had had to be sent home. Instructions were given at once to cut off the electric current, and to close all doors to prevent access to the building. When the writer arrived at the plant and questioned the workmen, he was led to the belief that the gasoline tank in the lamp-house (used in connection with flame safety lamps) had leaked and that the gas, having volatilized, had displaced sufficient oxygen to cause the trouble. Emphasis was being placed on the kerosene, or, as some said, the gasoline, odour. In the lamp-house, there is a small shuttered window which opens on a corridor. Here the workmen receive their lamps from the lamp attendant. An examiner, with a flame safety-lamp, proceeded to test the atmosphere within the building by passing his lamp through the open window, since, if the trouble was due to volatilized gasoline, a gas cap would be shown on the flame of the safety-lamp. After holding the lamp for a few seconds inside of the window, he withdrew it and remarked, "There's no gas cap" . Almost immediately the lamp fell from his hand and he dropped unconscious to the floor of the corridor. The writer, who was standing beside him, felt no ill effects and removed him at once from the corridor. Steps were immediately taken to revive him ( artificial respiration) , and in about ten minutes he became conscious and was breathing naturally. In making the examination, his head was not inside the window, but in line with the frame of it. It was apparent that some gas more deadly than the hydrocarbons from gasoline was present.

Jan 1, 1934

By F. W. Gray

Foreword: It is not my purpose, in this address, to write the history of the Geological Survey of Canada, which has from time to time been reviewed by the officers of the Survey itself, and by men more competent than myself to handle so large a subject, but rather to set out some of the reasons for the regard in which the Survey is held by our Institute, the body best qualified to speak for the mining men of Canada. And, a further purpose is to publish the desire of our Institute that the work of the Survey shall be maintained at the highest pitch of efficiency the resources of our country. will permit, because to scrimp expenses on the Survey is 'to save at the spigot and lose at the bunghole." A historical examination of the grounds on which it may be asserted the Geological Survey has been, and still is, of fundamental economic value to our country, discloses a prescience on the part of the forefathers of Canada, calling for our admiring gratitude, and reveals a unanimity among the real leaders of Canadian thought, on the value of geological knowledge, that is impressive in its continuance dawn to this date. There seems always to have been before our people the realisation that large stretches of Canada are unfitted for agricultural settlement, and that our glaciated areas, the barrens and tundra of the North, and our extensive mountain ranges, had promise of compensating mineral content which the geologist and the prospector, labouring together through the years, would disclose. The Geological Survey is one of Canada's oldest public services, distinguished by an unimpaired tradition of honourable and useful labour. Founded in 1843, under William Edmond Logan, not yet 'Sir William', one year after the Act of Union, it was directed by him until 1869, or into the early years of Confederation, so that the early years .of the Survey were also, politically, the formative years of Canada, as we know her today.

Jan 1, 1932

By E. R. Rivenbark

"The coal handling plant represents an investment of about $100 million in coal handling and storage equipment. The coal receiving is done by a continuous ship unloader that can handle ships in the 60 000 T range at Q rate of 1750 /ph. A unique feature in the system is a stacker/reclaimer unit which will work inside a dome storage structure. The coal for the unit will include any low sulphur coal that can be delivered by sea at an economical price blended with New Brunswick high sulphur coal.ThE flue gas scrubber is a wet limestone system capable of 95% SO2 removal. The scrubber will utilize about 150 000 tonnes of limestone per year and will produce commercial grade gypsum by the forced oxidization method.IntroductionWith the need for new generating capacity being required, New Brunswick Power reviewed, in 1985, its options for the next unit. The study indicated that the most attractive option for New Brunswick Power would be a coal-fired unit capable of receiving imported coal at a sea port. The site selection process resulted in three site options being considered.The existing Coleson Cove and Dalhousie sites, and the Belledune site were considered. To meet load distribution needs, it was then decided that the unit had to be located in the northern section of the province, thus eliminating the Coleson Cove site. The Belledune site was selected because it had the capacity to have additional units added where as the Dalhousie site would have only been able to accommodate one unit"

Jan 1, 1994

By T. R. Kostecki, J. Hirschi

"Analytical engineering design is based upon a trial-and-error iterative and deterministic process. Within this process, the engineer obtains some estimated values, plugs them into de facto closed-form equations, and receives output, which is expected to be a single number that serves as the basis for the design. This number is typically a factor of safety, or some other equivalent strength-stress ratio. This provides the engineer with a quick and relatively quantitative design methodology. This can create problems however, because in mining applications, the actual in situ system is highly variable, complex and often chaotic, which can lead to potentially incorrect conclusions that result in unsafe designs. A more appropriate and reliable approach is a probabilistic analysis for engineering design. This process is used widely in civil and other engineering disciplines, but is often overlooked for applications in coal mine design. Additionally, it seems the amount of past studies using this approach, especially in coal mine design, are rather limited. Considering how the probabilistic approach can account for uncertainty in parametric values and how unpredictable a mining design can be, the authors believe that this approach has potential in mining. This paper will focus on a summary of past studies related to probabilistic analysis in coal mine pillar design and provide recommendations for future work that could improve design reliability. INTRODUCTIONFeasibility and fundamental design procedures for excavations often start with an assessment of mine openings, pillar design, and the surrounding structure by using a deterministic approach with closedform solutions (ex. Bienawski, Obert-Duvall). These are reliable methods, but designers know that the inputs in these closed-form solutions are estimates at best and do not incorporate any degree of uncertainty. This is therefore not an optimal design procedure.A more appropriate design should incorporate some uncertainty because of the chaotic and variable nature of geology and mining conditions in general. In an attempt to account for uncertainty, a probabilistic approach can be adopted, which accounts for deviations in variables and provides a more optimum design solution. By applying a probabilistic approach, a designer can look at multiple failure scenarios at the same time instead of using the same deterministic design over and over."

Jan 1, 2015

By J. S. De Lury

The metalliferous areas of Manitoba have been described in more or less detail. Since the descriptions were written some new prospects have come to light and considerable mining development has taken place in two or three localities. No attempt will be made in this paper to give an account of recent activities or to describe the several areas in detail. In a general way, geological conditions are similar in all metalliferous areas of the province, a similarity that invites a discussion of the prospects as a whole, the features that are common to all deposits and the reasons for their uniformity. Modern theories of metallogenesis have a direct bearing on such a discussion and an effort will be made to show their application.

Jan 1, 1925

By H. C. Cooke

Those who have followed the geological developments in connection with the copper deposits of Quebec will recall that on many properties the sulphide bodies occur as replacements of fault breccias or tuff breccias, and exhibit a pronounced distaste for the more massive lavas. At the same time the rocks around the ore-bodies are profundly altered, first by addition of silica and sericite, later by conversion of these minerals into chlorite. It has been known for some years that at the Amulet and Waite-Ackerman Montgomery mines these conditions do not prevail. At both mines the ore-bodies are replacements of massive lavas, and at the Amulet they are associated with a very peculiar rock christened ?spotted dog', or 'dalmatianite'. Accordingly, when in 1929 the writer had the opportunity to make a further examination of these properties, two problems presented themselves for solution. The first was to determine, if possible, the conditions under which massive lava, rather than breccia, is replaced by the sulphide masses; the second, to find out the exact nature of dalmatianite and its relations to the sulphide bodies. The first of these problems is believed to have been solved; the second has been found very complex, and will require further work before it is satisfactorily settled.

Jan 1, 1930

By G. R. McMeekin

"THE TOPIC suggested for my contribution to this Symposium was ""Lead-Zinc Smelting - 40 Years of Pollution Control"". The history of the development of smelting industry at Trail and the control of sulphur dioxide could make quite an interesting historical study. However, in the field of environmental control, the public is not particularly interested in what you did yesterday, but rather what you are doing today and what you are planning to do tomorrow. I can't fault this approach, but because there are some subject lessons that history can demonstrate, I would like to tell enough of the story (under three headings) to bring a focus on matters of contemporary concern in regard to public relations and ecology. The three general headings suggested are: (1) time before the capture of by-product sulphur; (2) the capture of sulphur; and (3) the ecological and public relations conclusions from these."

Jan 1, 1972

By C. R. Whittemore

Introduction The technical library in the service of industry is gradually becoming a well recognized and important part of all progressive industrial organizations. The larger mining, metallurgical, and chemical firms of Canada are establishing extensive reference libraries in connection with their research and operating departments in order that the members of the organization may keep abreast of the rapidly developing fields of engineering in which they are interested. It is the purpose of this paper to point out the usefulness of such a department in any industrial organization, to give a general outline of a system for filing and dispensing information, and to outline briefly the literature to be consulted and the procedure to be adopted in instigating a literature search. The technical library falls under the classification known as 'Special Libraries', and is quite different from the general library in that it is a storehouse of facts and owes its value to the ready presentation of information required for each specific case, and in a form most ready for use. The library brings all the available information relative to the interests of the corporation from without the plant to the organization within, and also keep in touch with each department of the organization.

Jan 1, 1930

By L. E. C. Pignatari

Mine reconciliation is seen, for many, as a test of the quality of model estimates, while in fact it should be seen as a powerful tool for detecting and correcting problems in each step of mining operations, from resource estimation to metal production. Adequate reconciliation practices allow a more efficient control of the mining processes; however, its results can be illusory unless all parties involved have been in compliance with the principles of sampling correctness. This paper presents a new, segmented reconciliation matrix, which is based on the Theory of Sampling (TOS), developed to monitor gold operations and reserve estimation.

Jan 1, 2011