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  • IMMS
    Excavating the Deep Sea: Modeling the Pressure Effect in Rock Cutting Processes

    By Cees van Rhee, Rudy Helmons

    INTRODUCTION Seafloor Massive Sulphides are typically found near the oceanic ridges at larger water depths (>1km). The physical properties of SMS, as shown in table 1, are comparable to the properties

    Jan 1, 2018

  • IMMS
    Shallow Submarine Alkaline Volcanism And Hydrothermal Activity In The Tabar-Feni Island Chain, Papua New Guinea

    By Mark D. Hannington

    Results of the R/V Sonne Cruise (Edison) to the Tabar-Feni Arc from March 11 to April 5, 1994, a joint German-Canadian research cruise aboard the vessel R/V Sonne, undertook detailed mapping of the Ta

    Jan 1, 1994

  • IMMS
    German Ocean Mining-Related Environmental Studies In The South Pacific Peru Basin: DISCOL To ATESEPP

    By Eric J. Foell

    Recognizing that the planned commercial exploitation of polymetallic nodules in the deep sea should be accompanied by environmental studies in order to protect this largest and least understood ecosys

    Jan 1, 1996

  • IMMS
    Submarine Hydrothermal Activity and Mineralization on the Kurile and Western Aleutian Island Arcs, NW Pacific

    By T. Semkova, G. Cherkashov, V. Rashidov, L. Anikeeva, G. Gavrilenko, G. Glasby

    The Kurile Arc consists of at least 100 submarine volcanoes and 5 submarine calderas located mainly in the rear arc (Figure 1). The arc is seismically very active, particularly in the south, and is

  • IMMS
    Commercial And Technical Realities Of Deep Ocean Mining

    By Jon Machin

    ?ORE? is defined as ?mineral/s that can be mined at a profit?. So, what is ORE at 2,000 m water depth? Is it 5% Copper or 1.8% Nickel/Cobalt? One of the key factors that determine what is ORE, pr

    Jan 1, 2004

  • IMMS
    Ferromanganese Crusts from the Afanasiy-Nikitin Seamounts in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean: A Review

    By V. K. Banakar, R. P. Rajani, A. R. Chodankar

    The Afanasiy-Nikitin Seamounts (ANS) in Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (Figure 1) are shown to be the exposed part of the presently buried 85°E Ridge system under the Bengal Fan sediment and were e

  • IMMS
    Present Status Of Offshore Phosphate Deposits, Atlantic Continental Margin

    By Stanley R. Riggs

    Phosphate deposits on the southeastern U.S. coastal plain have long been the major force in world phosphate markets. World markets continue to grow, but the role of U.S. resources is rapidly declining

    Jan 1, 1988

  • IMMS
    Manganese Crust Project, Hawaii - An Update Of Progress And Plans

    By Charles L. Morgan

    The Minerals Management Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior and the State of Hawaii Department of Planning and Economic Development are investigating the cobalt-rich ferromanganese oxide cr

    Jan 1, 1985

  • IMMS
    Gold Mineralization In The Marine Environment; A Possible Marine Mineral Exploration And Mining Target

    By Thomas Pichler

    In the past marine mining technology has focused on bulk mining of base metals from polymetallic massive sulfides. This has not been very successful because of the relatively low unit value of these m

    Jan 1, 1993

  • IMMS
    Sand Mining For The Restoration Of Waikiki Beach

    By Michael J. Cruickshank

    The State of Hawaii has expressed concern over deterioration of the tourist beaches at Waikiki, which are becoming seriously depleted of sand. In this report the options for acquisition, transportatio

    Jan 1, 1991

  • IMMS
    Seafloor Massive Sulfides And Oceanic Core Complexes At The Slow-Spreading Ridges

    By G. Cherkashov

    The geodiversity of seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) deposits at the slow- and ultra-slow spreading ridges is of great variety (Fouquet et al., 2010). Tectonics and magmatism are the two principal fact

    Jan 1, 2011

  • IMMS
    Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging of Marine Mineral Deposits

    By Geir Johnsen

    Hyperspectral remote sensing has been used extensively on land to identify minerals for the mining industries. An underwater hyperspectral imager (UHI) has been developed at the Norwegian University o

    Jan 1, 2010

  • IMMS
    Offshore Aggregate And Placer Drill For CCOP/SOPAC

    By J. R. Woolsey

    In late 1988, the Committee for Coordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in South Pacific Offshore Areas (CCOP/SOPAC), Suva, Fiji, consulted the Continental Shelf Division of the Marine

    Jan 1, 1989

  • IMMS
    Local Variability of Ore Bed Parameters in Co-Rich Manganese Crusts (e23c7a2a-21be-4683-96e7-b361ec68f39c)

    By M. Ye. Melnikov

    The report is about oceanic ferromanganese crusts ? covers of iron and manganese hydroxides developed over an opened rock of seamounts and rises. Ore bed parameters of crusts are understandable as the

    Jan 1, 2010

  • IMMS
    Local Variability of Ore Bed Parameters in Co-Rich Manganese Crusts

    By M. Ye. Melnikov

    The report is about oceanic ferromanganese crusts ? covers of iron and manganese hydroxides developed over an opened rock of seamounts and rises. Ore bed parameters of crusts are understandable as the

    Jan 1, 2010

  • IMMS
    Polymetallic Sulfide Formation And Gold Enrichment On Hydrothermal Vents Of Pacific Seamounts

    By Alexander Malahoff

    Mineral zonation studies were conducted on hydrothermal vents of two hot spot volcanoes. One study site is located within the Axial Caldera of the axial hot spot volcano of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The

    Jan 1, 1988

  • IMMS
    Gas Hydrate, Methanogenic Calcite, And 13C-Depleted Bivalve Shells From A Mud Volcano Offshore Los Angeles, California

    By James R. Hein

    Methane and hydrogen sulfide vent from a cold seep above a shallowly buried methane hydrate in a mud volcano located 24 km offshore of Los Angeles, California in 800 m water. Bivalves, authigenic cal

    Jan 1, 2005

  • IMMS
    Deep-Sea Mineral Potential in the South Pacific Waters – The Results of the 21-year Long-term Japan/SOPAC Cooperative Deep-Sea Mineral Resources Study Programme, 1985-2005

    By Nobuyuki Okamoto

    The 21-year long-term Japan-SOPAC Cooperative Deep-sea Mineral Resources Study Programme was completed in March 2006. The Programme, which commenced in 1985, has seen numerous marine research surve

    Sep 24, 2006

  • IMMS
    On-Site Observations and In-Situ Experiments for the Ferromanganese Deposit at the Seamounts in the Northwestern Pacific: A Review for the ROV Geoscientific Exploration

    By Akira Usui

    The small-scale observations, mapping, sampling, and in-situ experiments have been carried out since 2009 using JAMSTEC ROVs at some model seamounts in the Northwestern Pacific seamounts. Laboratory a

    Jan 1, 2018

  • IMMS
    Seamount-Scale Controls on Ferromanganese Crust Geochemistry: Tropic Seamount, NE Atlantic

    By C. R. Pearce, B. Murton, S. Howarth, P. Lusty

    "With the expansion of “green” energy technologies, the demand for the critical raw materials required to sustain this growth is increasing. Many E-tech elements, including tellurium (Te) and rare ear

    Jan 1, 2017