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By F. M. Jenkins

Improvements in miners? safety and health, as reflected by injury and illness statistics, have reached a plateau and even been reversed. Research into miners' OSH is a necessary adjunct to regulatory enforcement. Under the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) mining experts have come together to draft a national agenda for this research. The Mining Sector Council, one of ten NORA Sector Councils, has produced a draft national research agenda to guide all mining research entities: academia, government, and industry. The agenda has seven major objectives, each of which has a sequence of sub-objectives: Reduce the likelihood of disasters in mines; Improve mine disaster response; Improve the health of miners; Improve atmospheric control (ventilation) in mines; Improve health and safety through behavioral research; Improve mine design, systems operations, and management performance to enhance mine health and safety; Apply ergonomics, human factor engineering, to increase health and safety. Long-term maintenance of the Mining Research Agenda requires input from the public, both here and abroad, monitoring of the impact of research results using OSH data, and partners who will translate the research to practice.

Jan 1, 2012

By A. M. Radigan, W. G. Prast

M.S. Azun The authors' paper did not explain the facts and reasons why state companies are established and what their role is in international industrial mineral trading. Also, I do not agree with the conclusion implying that the main goal for state companies is to capitilize natural resources. Almost all state companies are founded by certain laws and their activities are arranged by state regulations. Their only aim is to operate mineral deposits for their people and to protect the rights of the people. Although some ore deposits, such as nonstrategic or small, may be exploited by privately owned companies, the state has the right to control the operation and production. Activities of state companies may or may not be widened because of the character of the deposits and the importance of the mineral market involved. For some countries, although governments may occasionally change hands, the policy of the mineral trading system is not affected by this change. There is no doubt that any government desires to make more earnings to increase GNP, when it is involved in operating and trading mines. It wants to produce and sell the finished products, instead of unprocessed ones, if possible. When it is known that some mineral deposits are relatively rare, such as Turkish boron deposits, the government can nationalize the mines to control production and affect the market. If there is an abundance of a certain mineral in the market, the government can cut production and set a floor price, such as Canadian potash. Also, when production of a specific mineral is unique, such as Turkish chromite, the price of such mineral may be set by correspondant government. One may add that if some governments with their state companies produce a certain mineral in a larger amount, they may decide to establish a cartel to protect their production and price. These are the facts followed by government-owned state companies and partially government-owned companies. The reason being charge of many deposits by the state companies is always the same: "protect" the mineral rights of the people.

Jan 2, 1984

By H. B. Charmbury

In Pennsylvania there are two distinct coal regions, bituminous and anthracite, in which the mining conditions and production trends are different. Bituminous mining is more mechanized, and production is increasing. This report is concerned specifically with the bituminous area. The bituminous coal industry apparently is facing a shortage of miners and mine officials which may become acute by 1970. Since 1949, when Pennsylvania had more than 100,000 bituminous coal miners, the number has steadily decreased. There are two principal reasons for the decrease of certified miners and mine officials. These reasons are the fact that apprentices are almost a thing of the past and the fact that the image of the coal miner is a poor one to people in general and to parents in particular. This has contributed greatly to the high average age of our miners today. The average age of all those employed in the mines is 50. Yet it is known that the progress in mine mechanization requires younger and more alert men to operate the newer type equipment.

Jan 1, 1966

By Theodore S. Jordan

The discovery of a major porphyry-type copper deposit on the Papago Indian Reservation in Pinal County, Arizona was announced by El Paso Natural Gas Company in 1968. The deposit, known as the Lakeshore Property, contained an estimated 470 million tons of sulfides and oxides averaging 0.75 percent copper. History and Geology of the area have been described by Harper and Reynolds (1969). El Paso subsequently&apos; entered into the agreement for joint development of the property with Hecla Mining Company, with Hecla as the operator. The ore body consisted of three types of mineralization: 1) Disseminated Oxide Ore, <1% Cu 2) Disseminated Sulfide Ore, <1% Cu 3) Tactite Ore, >1% Cu

Jan 1, 1985

By D. J. Turk

Stillwater Mining Company’s, Nye Operation has been producing PGM concentrate since 1987.Several expansions have allowed for increasing capacity from the initial rate of 500 tons per day, to its present capacity of 3,000 tons per day. The expansions were performed with minimal impact upon production and maximum utilization of the existing equipment. The latest expansion incorporates a 6’ X 18’ SAG mill, 13’ X 20’ Ball mill, pebble crusher, rougher flotation cells, 1250 Hp tertiary grinding mill, middling and scavenger flotation cells, and cleaner column flotation cells. This paper will describe the concentrator flow sheet, and controls for improved concentrator performance.

Jan 1, 2000

By Sun Guangzhong, Liang Jinhuo

Adverse geological condition is a major factor which makes construction difficulty in tunneling. But if it is predicted and tunnel support is made efficiently in time, the above difficulty can be reduced. It is necessary to develop one or several effective and economical geological methods for prediction of tunnel geology while expensive and time-consuming instruments are used. This paper reviews and proposes several geological methods for prediction of fault, seam, contact zone, and groundwater inrush. These methods have been proved to be effective and economical in tunneling practice in China.

Jan 1, 1987

By Frederick J. Murrell

No other region of the world is enjoying the tremendous growth of power use that is currently being experienced in Asia. Fortunately for the coal industry — particularly in Asia — the power plants being planned or under construction are designed to use coal as fuel. This has produced a significant increase in the demand for steam coal that, in turn, has encouraged many in the industry to develop new coal mines. Indonesia is a country that has enjoyed substantial growth in coal production. This developing country has 195 million people who live on the nearly 13,000 islands. It has quickly emerged as the third-largest exporter of steam coal, following only Australia and South Africa. Almost all coal in Indonesia is mined by surface-mining methods.

Jan 1, 1996

By R. L. Guerguerian

Critical fasteners are described as they apply to the specification, manufacture, and assembly on large grinding mill bolted joints. The importance of adequate design methods, related joint diagrams and pivot analyses, and special emphasis on the quality of manufacturing and the tightening procedures in the field, are discussed; all in an effort to ensure high availability plant operation.

Jan 1, 2001

By E. Sirolli

In recent times, with rare exceptions, most economically viable ore discoveries have been large, low-grade and located in remote parts of the world. Mining companies have often shown to be incapable of mitigating their social and economic impact on local communities. Sustainable development and relations can be achieved by implementing bottom-up methodologies to the top-down tools already in use by mining companies. In order to magnify the importance of enterprise facilitation as a primary method for community development, data from 25 years of community based work around the world was used. Results highlight the need for a grassroots approach to local economic and community development, which focuses on the creation of a parallel economy in communities. Using solely top-down methodologies for developing community relations is shown to be a limited resource for mining companies. There are fundamentally two dangers for mining companies: alienating the local population, resulting in militancy and lengthy legal battles to obtain a license to operate; and, being accountable for building social and economic infrastructure that are not the company?s responsibility.

Jan 1, 2012

By F. G. Heivilin

There will be 3 billion people moving into cities by 2050. Permitting is both the biggest obstacle and the biggest opportunity for mining. The problem is not if we have the right minerals, but how we can permit and produce it in a ?Sustainable? manner. A ?Permit? and a ?Sustainable Development Plan? may soon be the same thing. How do we produce the minerals we need with: 1. The lowest possible carbon footprint. 2. Social license from community outreach by being a catalyst and not a problem in a ?Green World.? 3. Enhanced water supply during all stages of production. 4. Meeting requirements of our customers for service, quality, & cost. How important is it to have a complete ?Sustainable Development Program?? First, no plan is complete!!! It is a work in progress subject to continuous improvement. We need to work together to get the results we want. The goal of the world communities is to become carbon neutral by 2050. What is the mining community?s goal? Do we have one???? When a Clorox, Colgate Palmolive, Wal-Mart, Toyota, or Caterpillar buys a product, what are your chances of getting an order without a good program in place? The answer is it will be difficult or impossible shortly and you will be requiring the same thing with your suppliers. This is an opportunity if you are in the lead and it soon will be a necessity for most mining and processing companies requiring much extra effort to catch up. For some mines it was a necessity to get most of the SD plan to get permitted. The number of companies in the extractive industries with a full Sustainable Development Programs is expanding rapidly as shareholder demands for transparency continue to grow.

Feb 27, 2013

By Gökhan Çevikbilen, Ümit Karadoğan, Sevde Korkut, Berrak Teymur

This study proposes a methodology for dewatering of mine waste using a multistage process, combining geotextile tubes and anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), which accelerates the recycling process of water for aggregate mine waste facilities. For this purpose, waste from a rock quarry located in Istanbul was investigated. Flocculation tests revealed that the use of anionic PAM at an optimum dosage reduced sedimentation time and decreased turbidity. The compatibility of geotextiles and mine waste conditioned with different dosages of the effective PAM was evaluated by rapid dewatering tests, considering the water content of the filter cake, amount of infiltrated solid content, and rate of filtration. Geotextile dewatering tests were also performed on PAM-free and conditioned suspensions. The dewatering process was optimized by the use of a geotextile tube in two stages: (i) on the unconditioned suspension and (ii) on recovered PAM-conditioned leachate. Directing PAM-free non-hazardous soil-based material obtained in stage i to alternative beneficial uses is suggested, to minimize the volume of waste. Furthermore, recycling of the effluent obtained at the second stage of the proposed method will ensure more efficient water reuse

Sep 29, 2022

By P. Mills

The four top barite-producing countries in the world are China, India, Morocco and the United States. China is currently the largest exporter of barite followed by India. More than 95 percent of the barite mined today is used by the petroleum industry as driller’s mud. The rest is used in the industrial market and the medical field. Most of the barite mined in the United States is in Nevada. This year, mining activity has increased due to an increase in oil exploration/development. This was caused by an increase in the crude oil prices.

Jan 1, 2005

By D. J. Pandelis, W. J. Schlittler

Auxiliary Equipment pumping systems to support primary, secondary and regrind grinding circuits will be the primary focus of this paper. Every grinding system is unique and requires special design considerations for proper application of pumps to transport mill discharge. To satisfy the majority of applications, a new series of pumps has been developed by Svedala, known as World Class Pumps. Selection of these newly developed pumps for each type of grinding circuit will be presented. Specific components of selection are materials of construction, piping system, classification method, material characteristics and slurry characteristics. Both horizontal and vertical pump applications will be reviewed with emphasis on rules of pump piping and sump design.

Jan 1, 1999

By Robert L. Bates

In this paper I use the term "industrial minerals" in its broad general sense, and I distinguish two main groups. The first consists of the bulk materials, characterized by low unit price, nearness of deposits to markets, relatively simple methods of extraction and processing, and a tendency to be closely related to the construction industries. The second group includes those materials valued for exceptional purity, or for some special property such as hardness, immunity to acids, or dielectric strength. These materials are produced in smaller amounts, at high unit values, from deposits notably restricted in. distribution; and they require more or less sophisticated methods of production and beneficiation. The applications of this second group are not closely tied to any particular part of the economy. From the way in which the commodity committees of the Industrial Minerals Division are set up, I take it that the chief interest of most members is with the first group of materials mentioned above. Hence this paper will deal mainly, though not exclusively, with such bulk commodities as sand and gravel, clay, and stone. The first word in the title of the paper also requires brief explanation. It is here given a threefold interpretation. First is the role of the industrial minerals themselves in industry; this would probably be taken as the conventional meaning of the title* The second is the role of the industrial-mineral producers as citizens of the community. The third is what may be called the scientific role of these producers.

Jan 1, 1964

By R. J. Hickson

The Grasberg copper-gold deposit was discovered in Spring 1988, just one year prior to the planned closure of Freeport Indonesia&apos;s original Ertsberg open pit copper mine. In spite of Grasberg&apos;s remote location, 600m above the Ertsberg, atop a hitherto inaccessible mountain, Freeport-McMoRan brought their latest open pit mine into production in the last week of 1989, less than two years after discovery. This paper describes the start-up of the operation, highlighting synergies drawn from both the original Ertsberg experiences and the current Freeport Indonesia underground mines.

Jan 1, 1991

By J. P. Wilson, T. Cook, H. Kling

The Tessenderlo-Kerley Leachprocess has been shown to be effective in the removal of residual copper from molybdenite concentrates. Concentrates of varying mineralogy, including those containing relatively large amounts of chalcopyrite, have been successfully leached on laboratory and pilot plant scales. The lixiviant system is ammonia andammonium bisulfite with air / oxygen addition. An abrasive is added which greatly enhances the kinetics, and it is subsequently screened out and reused. The dissolved copper is easily recovered using existing technology. Extraction profiles, reagent consumptions, and mineralogical data are presented.

Jan 1, 1999

By N. S. Kim

Silver paste including nano sized particles maintains conductivity in high temperatures without forming oxide layers. In the industry, printing process produces wasted silver paste inside the cylinder and on silk-screen. Pyrometallugical silver recycling methods have environmental problems and do not extract pure silver after removing polymer and organic materials during the extraction process. In this study a simple wet process, of recycling the waste silver paste, using ammonia, was conducted. Silver ion extraction yield was increased using oxidant in the ammonia solution. Possible extraction yields, such as pH, concentration, temperature of ammonia, oxidant concentration and the extraction time. The particles that were obtained after the extraction process will be used as porous hydrophobic catalytic and applied to AI mask and hydrophobic ink. Keywords: Waste silver paste; Ammonia; Hydrophobic porous support

Jan 1, 2009

By J. J. Gusek, J. T. Gormley, V. Scovazzo

Glenrock, WY is underlain by two abondoned coal mines. Subsidence events have been recorded over the years, with the frequency increasing in recent years. As part of Wyoming&apos;s Abondoned Wins Lands Program, investigations including mining history/methods/mappings, subsurface drilling and material site searches were performed. Portions of the mines less than eighty feet from the surface, were identified as probable for subsidence. Subsidence control by hydraulic backfill was selected. Design included search and injection boreholes, water supply from the mines and the slurry mixing, transport and injection system. Injection system performance and backfill success is king monitored during construction.

Jan 1, 1986

By J. H. Kempton, D. Atkins

Predictions of delayed environmental impacts from mining—degradation that won’t begin for hundreds of years, but will then continue for thousands—present new permitting challenges. Examples include evaporative concentration in pit lakes, which can eventually cause metals concentrations to exceed human and wildlife toxicity standards, and delayed degradation of groundwater by slow moisture percolation through acid-generating tailings and waste rock. Given the time-value of money, the present worth of such delayed impacts is insignificant, yet they are unacceptable undercurrent laws and cultural values. Long-term financial set-asides offer a possible solution, first funding infrequent, long-term monitoring, followed by more expensive mitigation when the set-aside has matured.

Jan 1, 2000

By Jerry L. Fuller

Fan performance graphs are generated by digital computer using two programs, RUN- FANS and FANPLOT. RUNFANS calculates fan performance data from stored specific-volume, specific-speed data for a given fan type with appropriate allowances for fan diameter, rotational speed and air density. FANPLOT accepts specifications for drawing the graph and accepts either user-supplied pressure-quantity data or RUNFANS- calculated data as input, Operational procedures for both programs are detailed and examples of their interactive query routines are included. The hardware necessary to generate the graphs is illustrated. Several hardcopy output options are discussed,

Jan 1, 1984