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By Cristhian Guillén, Ned Vásquez

El presente trabajo técnico describe y analiza el proyecto para la implementación de la tecnología de explosivos denominada emulsión bombeable aplicado en el carguío mecanizado de tajos de producción SLS con perforaciones ascendentes y descendentes realizado en mina Cerro Lindo. Este proyecto tiene la finalidad de mejorar los KPIs (Key Performance Indicator) que actualmente maneja la operación. Por ello, el área técnica del sitio ha elaborado un protocolo de implementación, para efectuar la introducción y validación de la propuesta de valor de esta nueva tecnología.

Sep 29, 2023

By M. Craig Miller

As the trend continues in the U. S. toward inceased capital investment in longwall mining equipment and wider panels. the risk also increases for gotential financial and production loses due to undetected geologic anomalies. This paper describes how RIM Sm (Radio Imaging Method) is utilized in conjunction with more traditional exploration and interpretive methods to delineate fluvial channels. displacement faults and poor roof conditions in a Southeastern Ohio coal mine

Jan 1, 1990

By Jeannine Wendy Salas Huamán

Dado que la empresa minera tiene como objetivo el fortalecimiento de la responsabilidad social y ambiental para la AID (Puno), se implementa un programa de actividades que responda a la responsabilidad social y ambiental. En ese sentido, el presente texto describe la capacitación como una herramienta de una logística -en tanto se entrene a los pobladores de la AID para que puedan brindar servicios a la minera, se concilie la explotación minera con la población mediante la logística y se establezca una alianza con los pobladores formándolos como proveedores, de forma que se obtenga una ganancia conjunta.

Nov 1, 2013

By H. Powell

"This paper discusses how elemental analysis of conveyed bulk flows in real time using PGNAA (Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis) technology has resulted in significant improvements in advancing plant control in mineral processing operations. PGNAA through belt, full stream, continuous, multi-elemental, real time analysis technology is explained. Capabilities and limitations in plant operating environments are discussed including comparison with other real time, on-line technologies through review of published information available for on-conveyor minerals applications. Case studies include an iron ore and copper-gold company, both of which consider the technology an essential component in advanced plant control necessary in new process flow sheet designs, rather than an optimisation tool.INTRODUCTION Process operators rely on supply of a reasonable ore quality and consistency from the mine. Unfortunately neither the mining nor process operators have much control over the ore quality once it has been put into the crusher. Grade control typically stops once the material is designated as ore and the process plant operator needs to process it irrespective of quality. Plant control is most effective when technologies measure process streams directly and preferably in real time. Measuring sampling streams that are not representative of the primary flow will result in incorrect plant control decisions. Sampling coarse conveyed flows is expensive and impractical at many operations, however, this does not mean those flows cannot be measured. Investigations to find techniques suitable for real time elemental analysis have focussed on the application of known laboratory techniques to process streams. For conveyed applications, development of neutron irradiation techniques were most promising and early studies indicated potential success for bauxite measurement (Beurton et al, 1995). Tran & Evans (2001) concluded there was no equivalent technology to PGNAA in terms of material penetration power and that the technology was eminently suitable for basic industries such as cement. Nelson and Riddle (2003) evaluated PGNAA for possible use in the phosphate industry by using a unit installed in a cement plant to test performance on phosphate samples and ultimately recommended its use for further characterisation of the mine’s various ore types to improve stockpile allocation and grade control"

Jan 1, 2014

By Luis Adrianzen Lamadrid

La eliminación de la dosificación de cal de un proceso de flotación es difícilmente lograda, si bien algunas empresas han logrado implementar reactivos que ayudan a depender menos de esta, otras empresas en cambio; han logrado no depender de este modificador de pH; pero con resultados poco sostenibles y solo en uno de sus circuitos.

Sep 1, 2017

By Iván Salas, Abdhiel Bustamante

Se efectúan análisis de correlación con base en los índices de diversidad de áreas revegetadas dentro de los procesos de cierre progresivo en la Unidad Minera Constancia, en la provincia de Chumbivilcas, región Cusco. Estos índices fueron correlacionados con los valores de cobertura vegetal e Índice Normalizado de Vegetación (NDVI), el primero es el valor considerado dentro de los compromisos asumidos en los procesos de cierre.

Sep 29, 2023

Helium has probably aroused more varied scientific curiosity than any other single element. Discovered by spectroscopic examination of the sun during an eclipse in 1868, helium is now known to exist not only in the sun and other stars but on earth occluded in minerals, accumulated with natural gases in pockets in the earth's crust, and in the atmosphere surrounding the earth. Astronomers study its presence in the various stars of the universe for clues to their origin and history. Geochemists and geologists study its occurrences in rocks, minerals, and meteorites to determine the age of the earth and the manner of its formation. Pathologists study its effect on living tissues in search for the ideal combination with oxygen for artificial breathing mixtures in medicine, diving operations, and space vehicles. Chemists study its physical properties and use it to trace the sequence of events in reactions in which it does not participate. Geneticists and bacteriologists use it for special studies. Physicists study its behavior when liquefied and the behavior of materials cooled to nearly absolute zero by its use. Nuclear physicists learn more about the universe through study of the nuclear reactions that produce it. Through study of helium and greater knowledge of its origin and properties, science continues to unlock some of nature's more closely guarded secrets. Unknown on earth before 1895, and not discovered as a minor constituent of natural gas until 1905, helium with its simple atomic structure--a nucleus with two electrons orbiting in a closed shell--is a unique element. It is next to the lightest gas, only hydrogen is lighter. It occupies position number 2 in the Periodic Table of the Elements and heads the list of so-called "rare" or ?noble? gases. Most of the naturally occurring helium has an atomic mass of 4.003874 (oxygen = 16). A trace (1.7 x 10-5 mol percent) is the light isotope helium-3 whose atomic mass is 3.0169800 Unstable isotopes of mass numbers 5 and 6 have been authenticated. Isotopes of mass numbers 7 and 8 have been reported, but their existence is less well established. All the heavier isotopes are radioactive and are the product of nuclear reactions.

Jan 1, 1968

By Jesús Velapatiño Pacheco

El presente texto refiere dos temas importantes en seguridad minera: seguridad eléctrica y salud y seguridad ocupacional dentro de una auditoría de seguridad realizada como parte de la política de las empresas mineras y afines. Por ello, el documento describe el incumplimiento de las instalaciones y actividades eléctricas a la normatividad vigente en seguridad eléctrica y salud ocupacional, los cuales fueron identificados en una auditoría de seguridad que fue realizada en minas y plantas concentradoras. Luego del diagnóstico, se propone elaborar un carné de proyectos con el correspondiente presupuesto, el que se pagará con los beneficios generados: los ahorros posibilitados (disminución y control de pérdidas) y con la mitigación de multas previstas para el pago de los incumplimientos. Finalmente, se formula una matriz de soluciones (recomendaciones) donde se medirán los impactos de la implementación del carné de proyectos de mejora de las instalaciones eléctricas.

Aug 1, 2014

I HAVE to thank the members of the Institute most cordially for the honour conferred upon me in selecting me President, which position my poor services have prevented my filling adequately. I have, therefore only been able to stumble through my year of office under the guiding direction of our esteemed Secretary. I fully appreciate the honour done to me; and, now that it is over, I can look back with pride and pleasure at having occupied the chair; but I am told that it remains for me to fill one of the requirements of our Institute and present you with what has been dignified by the name of a presidential address. My relief in complying with this is in the knowledge of its freedom from the usual discussion which appertains to papers presented by our worthy members. It has been usual in the past for the subject chosen to be specially connected with the work immediately engaging the attention of your president, and on this occasion I would like to break away from this time-honoured custom and engage your attention for a brief space on what is equally dear to us all namely, Ideals of the Profession. In doing so, the retort of Whistler to an art student gives me, I must admit, much misgiving, for, on being asked how he developed his artistic talents, replied that he painted what he saw, which produced the immediate reply, "Ah, but the tragedy will come when you see what...

Jan 1, 1909

By A. Roberts

This paper reviews progress in equipment design and in the techniques applied to mine lighting in Great Britain. The incidence of the disease miner's nystagmus, which was a major source of concern only a few years ago, has now diminished, largely owing to improvements in standards of lighting in mines. The reorganisation of the coal mining industry, involving increasing mech-anisation, together with new safety legislation, has brought about the widespread use of mains electric lighting underground. An account is given of some of the results of research to determine the lighting conditions needed for compliance with the compulsory legal requirement of "sufficient and suitable" general lighting at specific localities in British mines. Some details are given of the techniques applied and the results of recent research in the problem of glare from miners' cap lamps. Of the various factors in the working environment of the miner, it is true to say that lighting is seldom given attention comparable with that devoted to other factors, such as dust, heat and humidity, or atmospheric gas content. No doubt one reason for this lies in the ability of the human eye to adapt itself to low brightness levels. Be that as it may, the fact is that at the turn of the 20th century the miner's working light improved little throughout the centuries during which mining technology has developed. Indeed, in coal mines which encounter a methane explosion hazard, flame safety lamps, with a luminous intensity less than one candle power, were virtually the sole means of lighting during almost the whole of the 19th century. The 20th century has witnessed a substantial improvement in lighting techniques underground in coal and metalliferous mining. In Great Britain the general pattern has been one of standards periodically raised by the implementation of Statutory Regulations imposed under successive hlines Acts, but it is fair to add that the more progressive mining companies usually anticipated the Statutory Regulations, which when they have been put into effect have served to turn into general practice what was already being done at the better mines. In earlier years, official requirements were limited to the specification of approved lamp designs, with stipulated minimum values of luminous intensity and light output, but more recently the necessity of satisfactory maintenance of standards during service has been recognized, and the current regulations not only require that a maintenance organisation should exist, but also specify a maximum permissible depreciation below initial approval standards.'

Jan 1, 1961

By A. Koski

A pond rehabilitation and environmental education project were proposed by Cleveland-Cliffs Michigan Operations (CCMO) and approved by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as partial fulfillment of conditions for a stream mitigation permit. The goals of the project were the rehabilitation of a pond on a tributary of a local trout stream, enhancement of public access and appreciation, and the initiation of a site-based environmental educational curriculum. Cleveland-Cliffs undertook a suite of actions to rehabilitate a pond created by a previous mining operation in 1912 and make accessible to local schools the aquatic and riparian ecosystems. Cleveland-Cliffs partnered with the local governmental unit and two local school districts. The rehabilitated pond and riparian zone provide an accessible natural area that local residents can use for such activities as hiking, biking, walking, fishing and nature study. Vegetative enhancement includes the planting of native shrubs, wildflowers and showy herbaceous plants in the pond, on the riparian fringe and the surrounding area. An interpretive trail was developed around the pond with signs created by a local master watercolor artist. Local schools built and installed picnic tables, benches and a kiosk. Cleveland-Cliffs created pond lesson plans tied to the Michigan Curriculum Framework, developed inexpensive teaching kits and hosted a workshop for teachers from nine local schools. Classes regularly utilize the pond during the school year conducting environmental studies. Nesting boxes, wildflower gardens, bat houses, frog deformity surveys and water quality studies are a few of the activities that classes have conducted at the pond.

Jan 1, 2007

By K. Kavouridis

The energy and climate protection policy of European Union (EU), and its Member States adopted in 2007 bridges security of supply, environmental protection and competitiveness. The objectives of the EU energy and environmental strategy cover the foreseeable period till 2020. It assumes all sources of energy will be needed. The objectives for renewable and improved efficiency are ambitious; it must be established if they are also realistic. Coal can continue to make valuable contribution to the security of supply and low price of electricity, only with technologies allowing for drastic reduction of the CO2 emitted of its combustion. The aimed at -20% reduction of green-house gases (GHG) of EU-27 by 2020 is an objective limited in time and content. Europe produces less than 15% of global CO2 and this will be reduced to 10% in 2030. Emissions Trading (ET) is to remain the central instrument for CO2 management, especially in the power sector. ET scheme (ETS) or other mechanisms need designing to create an incentive for investment in higher efficiency and technologies and to Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS). The ETS as the climate protection instrument of the EU can become a heavy burden (high fuel and electricity prices, less security of supply) or it can create a climate for modernization of fossil fuel power plants. The suggestion in this paper of fuel-specific benchmark system for CO2 allocation after 2012 can combine the emission levels to be reached with a strong drive to invest, the necessary investment security, transparency and the principle of proportionality. A Benchmark System as recommended by coal industry could adapt to the different circumstances in the long term and comply with EU energy and environmental policy objectives.

Jan 1, 2008

By Samuel Canchaya Moya

Si bien en las últimas décadas se aplicó el estudio de la geoestadística en la minería, el uso de la técnica no ha logrado una mayor difusión. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala la aplicación de los paquetes de software en la minería a través de los módulos de geoestadística. En este punto, la optimización del muestreo, se convierte en un problema tanto en la etapa de exploración como de producción. Por ello, es necesario conocer y comprender los conceptos y métodos geoestadísticos que se apliquen a la medida de muestreo de la veta, ver distancia y ubicación de taladros, costos de campaña de exploración, entre otras medidas, etc.

Jul 31, 2003

By Mirian Mamani

Como resultado de la exploración por litio, hoy se conocen ocurrencias importantes (de hasta 3,000 ppm de litio) en la tobas de composición riolítica en la región de Puno, Perú. Para conocer el estado actual de las principales concentraciones de litio en rocas félsicas (granitos y riolitas), se ha compilado información geoquímica (>10,000 muestras) de varias fuentes en el territorio peruano. La distribución espacial y temporal de las concentraciones de litio muestra que los valores mayores a 300 ppm se encuentran en las rocas félsicas, riolitas del Oligoceno-Mioceno y monzogranitos del Triásico del trasarco, y también en los diques de sienitas nefelínicas (30-100 ppm); todas las cuales se ubican en la margen oeste de la franja de Sn, W, Mo. Los valores más altos (mayores a 600 ppm) corresponden a la región de Puno. Sin embargo, niveles de tobas retrabajadas del altiplano que fueron emitidos por las calderas volcánicas del trasarco y sedimentos que desembocan en el lago Titicaca muestran concentraciones de 100 a 400 ppm de litio. Además, las fuentes termales de Tacna y Moquegua contienen entre 10 y 50 ppm de litio, lo que indica que por debajo de los volcanes recientes existen sedimentos con litio. Finalmente, debe indicarse que el mayor potencial de litio (3,000 ppm) está relacionado con los minerales denominados como macusanitas.

Nov 30, 2018

By Franklin R. Olaya

El presente texto señala algunos aspectos geotécnicos de los depósitos de relaves como el marco teórico, los ensayos de laboratorio y campos utilizados en cada una de las cuatro etapas utilizadas. Dicha metodología permite estimar valores de pendientes de disposición de relaves que permitan un equilibrio entre la capacidad de almacenamiento, estabilidad y operación del depósito de relaves.

Nov 1, 2015

By Samuel A. Awe

"El presente texto señala se analiza la lixiviación sulfuro alcalina de impurezas de antimonio de un concentrado de cobre, como se examina el efecto de la concentración de sulfuro sódico, la temperatura de lixiviación y la concentración de sólidos en ladisolución de antimonio. De otro lado, se cuestiona sobre la recuperación de antimonio como un producto comercializable a partir de licores lixiviantes preñados simulados mediante la electrodeposición."

Apr 1, 2014

By Judy K. Todd

Double benching has been utilized as an excavation technique in open pit mines for many years. This process involves drilling, blasting, and excavating the material for the design bench height. A second bench is then excavated without the creation of a catch bench, i.e. only minimal offset from the first bench face is allowed when drilling off the second bench. The result is a double high bench face or double bench. When drilling off the second bench, the offset of the drill from the bench face projects the lower bench face into the pit up to an extra five meters. This reduces the maximum attainable bench angle, enhances the probability of rock escaping the catch bench and increases the overall strip ratio. The generally utilized process of trim blasting also can impact on the final bench profile by contributing to blast damage of the face. BHP Billiton Diamonds Inc., Ekati Mine Diamond MineTM, has pioneered the usage of a technique that eliminates this offset. Double benching is accomplished by drilling a single, 30m pre-shear (two 15m benches) to define and protect the final bench profile. This article provides a comparison of the attained face angles obtained in the field utilizing both of the above methods, as well as a comparison with the analytically predicted angles prior to excavation.

May 1, 2002

By Ernie Holden, Chris Ringas

In the last 20 years, In Line Inspection (ILI) using intelligent pigs has become the principal tool used by pipeline operators to assess the condition of their pipelines. New pipelines are normally designed to take intelligent pigs, but many older pipelines require some modifications and special procedures for their inspection. This paper is aimed at practicing engineers and managers of pipelines, or people aspiring to those positions. The paper describes the benefits of ILI and some of the practical issues regarding pipeline preparation and cleaning, choice of inspection tool, running pigs in pipelines, and what to do with the data collected. What are the responsibilities of the Pipeline Engineer ? ? Maintain reliable and acceptable performance of the pipeline in terms of safety and product delivery at economical cost. ? Provide a defined margin of safety for operating the pipeline at its designated pressure. ? Provide timely information on all pipeline defects such that repairs can be carried out according to a managed schedule. What Defects does the Pipeline Operator have to cope with ? A useful record of actual incidents seen in pipelines can be obtained from the web site of the US Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) - http://ops.dot.gov/stats/stats.htm. US pipeline Operators are obliged by Law to report all pipeline incidents exceeding certain threshold criteria (e.g loss of life, escape of product, cost of incident etc). These OPS statistics show that corrosion and third party damage have remained consistently the prime causes of reportable incidents in the US, with similar experience elsewhere. There are several kinds of flaws and defects in pipelines that can lead to failure, the main families being :- ? Metal loss ? Cracks or crack-like defects ? Laminations and other mid-wall defects ? Geometric anomalies

Jan 1, 2006

By Jaime Rebolledo, Carlos Toro

Muchas situaciones pueden ocurrir durante el cambio de turno en una operación minera y relación a la información que se genera, como por ejemplo: i) Silos de información, ii) uso de herramientas no estándar para compartir eventos de seguridad, iii) Necesidad de movilizarse a un centro de mando para declarar un evento peligroso detectado durante el cambio de turno y iii) la existencia Información dispersa El presente artículo propone la creación de una herramienta basada en Gemelos Digitales que tiene por foco, el apoyo a la actividad de cambio de turno. Los Gemelos Digitales poseen una característica innata de poder ser aglutinadores de información y por ello representan una excelente oportunidad de implementación.

Sep 29, 2023

By Harold M. Smith

This publication summarizes the literature on the composition of petroleum, with special emphasis on naphtha and gas oil, and provides a source book for the known qualitative and quantitative facts on crude oil composition. The discussion points out the known facts from supposition, and suggests new researches needed in various areas.

Jan 1, 1968