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By D. G. E. Kerfoot

In September 1945, when the Lynn Lake nickel orebody was discovered Sherritt Gordon Mines was a small copper mining company with rapidly depleting ore reserves at its single producing mine at Sherridon in the Cold Lake area of Manitoba, 100 miles north of The Pas. The company has been formed in 1927, largely through the efforts of Eldon L. Brown, a 27-year old mining engineer, with the financial backing of Thayer and Halstead Lindsley and the Gordon family. The Lindsleys were American mine promoters who had been successful in the Sudbury area, and the Gordons had extensive interests in the lumber industry in northern Ontario. Carl Sherritt, who gave his name to the company, was an American trapper and prospector who had staked the copper property and sold his interest to the new company. Carl Sherritt died in a flying accident at The Pas in 1928. The Sherritt Gordon Mine started production in 1931, shipping copper concentrate to the new Hudson Bay copper smelter at Flin Flon, Manitoba. In 1931 the price of copper was 18¢/lb. Within a year the price had fallen to 5¢ /lb and the mine was forced to close. It remained closed through the Depression years.

Jan 1, 1999

By P. Archer

The Blondeau Formation has been examined in a stratigraphic drill section at Barlow Lake. The formation contains pyroclastic flows and volcanogenic sediments throughout, but epiclastic sedimentary rocks dominate the upper parts of the section. Five distinct types of pyroclas tic flows are known in the section, as well as minor mafic lava flows. Volcanogenic sediments are commonly intercalated with the true volcanic rocks. Sedimentary rocks include fine-grained intraclastic sandstones, heterolithic sandstones and green and black shales. Interpretation of the origin and relative disposition of the volcanic and sedimentary rocks favours a model of near-emergent vulcanism in an upward shoaling environment.

Jan 1, 1984

By D. C. Treilhard

After a brief history of the mining and smelting operations of Kilembe Mines Limited, this paper outlines the smelter layout and describes . the. daily operations at the Jinja plant. Particular attention 1s paid to the details of the furnace and converter operation. A subsequent section of the paper deals with the significant developments in plant metallurgical practice, covering both smelting and converting.

Jan 1, 1966

By S. Bozorgi, K. Anders

"The automotive applications of heat treatable AlCu cast alloys are designed for performance at high temperature, which can be improved using specially alloying element as well as different heat treatment. In this research work an effect of alloying element such as Cu, Ni and heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of AlCu alloy were investigated using optical microscope (LIMI), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray detection (EDS), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical testing. It was found that during solidification most of the elements Cu, Mg and Ni segregated at the grain boundaries in the form of Al2CuMg or Al7Cu4Ni and a very small part of Cu and Ni element dissolved in the FCC-Al matrix. The latter is not completely reclaimable for strengthening mechanisms in FCC-Al matrix in its as-cast state. The results of mechanical test show that yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increases after heat treatment significantly compared with the as-cast state. Furthermore the mechanical properties at elevates temperature (240°C) is higher with higher Cu+Ni+Si containing alloys compared with the less Cu+Ni+Si containing alloy.INTRODUCTION Due to the high strength-to-weight ratio, high strength and ductility at room- and elevated temperature, AlCuSi cast alloys are widely applied in the automotive industries specially for producing cylinder head and engine block, where modified alloys with enhanced metallurgical properties are always needed to satisfy the ever increasing demands for the applications. The AlCu based cast alloys can be strengthened by age hardening. The precipitation processes from which this hardening is derived can be attributed to the presence of selected trace element additions or micro alloying, which can change the process or kinetics of precipitation in age hardenable AlCu cast alloys (Polmear, 1998; Morris, 1991). Furthermore their strength is mainly controlled by the aging process through the precipitation and growth of very fine precipitates of the ?'-phase (a semi-coherent, metastable form of the equilibrium Al2Cu phase) from the Al and Cu Guinier-Preston (GP) zones. Several studies have shown that solute clustering occurs prior to the precipitation of GP zones, and this modifies both the nature and kinetics of the precipitation process. The typical size of GP zones is in the order of tens of nanometers, and the chemical composition of these precipitates is not easily measured, even with a typically analytical electron microscope (Polmear, 1989)."

Jan 1, 2018

By Laxman M. Amaratunga

Laboratocy flarmnability tests were perfonned on dust samples from Fraser Mine in a 1.2 L Lindenburg horizontal tube furnace to detennine the percentage of sulphur oxidized during ignition. The explosion pot ential of sulphide dusts depends on their degree of spontaneous oxidat ion, which was measured by the quantitative analysis of so2 gas released during ignition. Test results indicated that dusts with low sulphur content could exhibit a higher degree of oxidation than a sample with high sulphur content. txlst characterisation using image analysis techniques suggests that the structure and the texture of dust are important factors influencing the explosibility of sulphide dust at ignition temperatures. Therefore for safe mine operations% sulphur content cannot be considered as a reliable single index that could be used to predict the potential of a sulphide dust explosion. Physical, chemical and mineralogical characterisation of dust plays an important role in the detennination of suitable indices for the prediction and prevention of sulphide ore dust explosions.

May 11, 1988

By Pierre St-Julien, Réjean Hebert, M. Racine, Roch Gaudreau, Pierre Lacoste, Michel Rocheleau

"Les unités volcano-sédimentaires de la ceinture de l'Abitibi à l’est de Val-d' Or ont été regroupées en quatre domaines litho tectoniques. Du nord vers le sud, nous reconnaissons les domaines d'Assup, de Garden lsland de Val-d' Or, de Trivio et de Villebon. Deux de ces domaines (Garden Island et Trivio) correspondent à des couloirs de déformation, d’envergure régionale et d’orientation approximative E-W. Les trois autres domaines sont caractérises par des volcanites defond océanique de type MORB (tholéiites et komatiites) qui sont en position inferieure; ces volcanites sont surmontées par des sédiments marins de type turbidite (domaine de Ville bon) ou évoluent dans le temps, soit vers un volcanisme bimodal d'affinités tholéiitique et calco-alcaline ( domaine d'Assup), soit vers un volcanisme d'arc insulaire (domaine de Val-d'Or). Il n'existe aucune certitude de corrélation litho stratigraphique entre les différents domaines et l'on doit considérer la possibilité que ceux-ci représentent l'accolage tectonique de terranes de nature et d'origine différente.Les principales caractéristiques structurales de la région sont regroupées en quatre étapes de déformation dont trois sont archéennes et la quatrième attribuée à l'orogenèse grenvillienne. Au moins cinq facies métamorphiques ont été reconnus: I) un facies régional faible propre à la province du Supérieur, 2) un facies de cornéennes a amphibole en périphérie du pluton de Pershing, 3) un facies hydrothermal dans la zone tectonique de Cadillac, 4) un facies régional moyen dans la zone de bordure de la province de Grenville, et 5) un facies régional élevé a l'intérieur de la zone structurale du front de Grenville.Le front de Grenville est défini dans la région par l’apparition subite des ortho gneiss au faciès métamorphique élevé et par la disparition du grain tectonique E-W. Le contact brusque entre les deux provinces pourrait correspondre à une zone de chevauchement de la province de Grenville sur la province du Supérieur. La région étudiée est l’hôte d’un gite majeur de sulfures massifs et de plusieurs gites et indices aurifères; elle présente des cibles favorables pour l’exploration minière dans le contexte tectonométa-morphique de l'influence grenvillienne. L'intérêt de la Formation de Val-d' Or pour les métaux de base et le potentiel aurifère des couloirs de déformation d'orientation approximative E-W, sont bien connus. Les structures grenvilliennes NE-SW, qui se développent vers l'est, représentent aussi des cibles intéressantes, en particulier dans les secteurs ou elles intersectent des cisaillements E-W kénoriens."

Jan 1, 1990

By Melvin S. Taylor

The environmental control program at Cassiar Mine is an active one involving government, unions and company personnel all working together to achieve a goal- "A clean and safe working environment". This can only be achieved by utilizing three of Cassiar's most important resources; i.e., people, time and money. Past environmental programs have more than proved that the goal can be reached and. with the future programs now in progress. Cassiar Asbestos will achieve its environmental goals.

Jan 1, 1978

By Georges Croisé, Les-Lee Thompson, Adrien Debergé

Membrane filtration systems have regained focus in recent years as an effective means of liquid-liquid separation to increase the concentration of valuable elements, recover reagents or remove impurities. ORANO Mining (formerly AREVA) investigated this cost optimization process opportunity as early as 2011 for implementation at the Trekkopje project (Namibia). The key focus was to separate and recycle bicarbonate from the uranium bearing eluate solution. The performance targets were successfully achieved at lab- and pilot scale with an ultrafiltration and nano-filtration configuration system. Early 2015, ORANO Mining further launched an investigation into the use of membranes for acid recycling at the KATCO In Situ recovery mine in Kazakhstan based on the favorable results from the original bicarbonate application. KATCO is the world leader in ISR uranium mining with an eluate processing capacity of 80 000 m3/yr. This site consists of two processing plants namely, Muyumkum and Tortkuduk, located 40 kilometers apart, both operating under acidic conditions whereas precipitation and packaging are based in Tortkuduk only. This paper serves to present the results from the integration of a nano-filtration system at the Muyumkum satellite processing plant. The project consisted of screening laboratory bench studies conducted at ORANO-CIME followed by process validation at KATCO through further bench and pilot test work. The feasibility study assessments were successfully concluded which led to the implementation at an industrial scale in Muyumkum of a nano-filtration process to reduce eluate volumes being sent to the uranium precipitation section whilst achieving effective separation of uranium from sulfuric acid. Nano-filtration technology has drawn significant attention due to the efficiency and reproducibility of the process and its moderate capital cost relative to operational savings. The reliability of the previous results is a great opportunity to reduce operative expenditures within ORANO’s next ISR mining project in Mongolia.

Jan 1, 2020

By Steve Custer, Chris Bennett, Patrick Garretson, Glenn Dobby, Jacques McMullen

"Barrick Gold is in the process of expanding one of its grinding circuits at the Goldstrike property as a response to both increasing ore hardness and increased ore sensitivity to finer grinding as it relates to gold recovery. The plant currently operates with two parallel grinding lines, each with a SAG mill, a pebble crusher, and a ball milling arrangement. As part of determining what additional equipment was to be required, a CEET evaluation program was conducted (CEET is an acronym for Comminution Economic Evaluation Tool). The work included: Development of a hardness ‘model’ for the ore body, as described by SAG Power Index and Bond Work Index;Site benchmarking surveys to fine tune the SAG and ball mill calibrations within CEET;Conducting CEET studies to examine the process options;Comparing CEET results to standard grinding circuit design techniques.The recommendation of the study, presently being implemented, is the installation of an additional ball mill on one of the two grinding lines. This paper reviews the sizing techniques applied, providing a CEET case study for circuit performance analysis and circuit design. OVERVIEW OF COMMINUTION AT GOLDSTRIKEOre feeding the autoclaves at Goldstrike are first processed through two parallel grinding lines. Both lines use SAG mills with cone crushing of pebbles followed by ball milling. A summary of the key circuit parameters is provided in Table 1. Line 1 primarily processes underground Meikle ore, although when no Meikle ore is available, it processes open pit Betze ore. Line 2 processes Betze ore exclusively. The Mill Line 1 P80 objective for Meikle ore is 74 microns. According to the recovery optimization analysis, a P80 of 90 microns was recommended for Betze ore. The potential however exists to perform co-mingling of both ore types and feed the higher grade Betze ore to Line 1, in which case the P80 of 74 microns would be retained."

Jan 1, 2001

By W. J. Weymark

"The Gregg River project is located 40 kilometres southwest of Hinton, Alberta, adjacent to and east of Jasper National Park. This metallurgical coal mine has been developed as a joint venture between Gregg River Coal Ltd. (a subsidiary company of Mana/ta Coal Ltd.) and seven Japanese companies. This 200-million dollar project consists of a conventional truckshovel open-pit operation and a coal preparation plant rated at 2.14 million tonnes of clean coal per year. Mining operations started in October 1982 with plant start-up following in April 1983. Introduction This paper is an overview and update of the Gregg River project, a metallurgical coal mine being developed as a joint venture between Gregg River Coal Ltd. (a subsidiary of Manalta Coal Ltd.) and seven Japanese companies. The Gregg River Coal leases cover 3440 hectares and are located 40 kilometres south of Hinton, Alberta, adjacent to and north of Cardinal River Coal Mine (Fig. 1). This 200-million dollar project consists of a conventional truck-shovel operation and a coal preparation plant rated at 2.14 million tonnes of clean coal per year. A total of 31.5 million tonnes of clean metallurgical coal will be sold to the Japanese over a fifteen-year term. At present, mining operations are ahead of schedule and the plant started up on schedule in April 1983. Access and Climate An all-weather road, Highway 40, connects the minesite with Hinton (the nearest commercial centre) and a Canadian National Railway (C.N.R.) spur line connects the minesite with the C.N.R. main line in Edson. Hinton is accessible by road chartered airline and rail. ' ~h~ rug~ed and varied topography in the area creates large vanations m temperature and precipitation over short distances. The region is characterized by precipitation throughout the year long cold winters and short cool summers. The mean temperatur~ of the area range from a low of -14°C in January, the coldest month, to a high of 12°C in July, the warmest month. Long-term precipitation data indicates a mean yearly precipitation of 870 mm of which 620Jo occurs during the summer months."

Jan 1, 1985

By J. E. Moyle

The costs of labour and electric power are of prime concern to almost all industrial enterprises, and various methods of reducing their impact on production costs are constantly being developed. Automation is one of these schemes, and has received a good deal of attention in the past few years. In the mining industry, compressed air is almost universally used, and its cost is significant. Although the compressor machinery now in use has achieved a high degree of development, the hazard of explosion and fire still exists in these systems. There is thus considerable resistance in some quarters to suggestions that such installations can be safely and successfully automated. The Milliken power plant consists of two 30,000 lb. /hr. fully equipped high-pressure boilers, four H.P. air compressors, a steam turbine for stand-by power, and several L.P. compressors and vacuum pumps. With the installation of automatic and protective equipment in the machinery section, the shift force has been reduced from three to two men.

Jan 1, 1963

By D. M. Morrison

"Microseismic systems at five mines in the Sudbury Basin provide the basic data for Falconbridge Limited's rockburst research. Daily and long-term analysis of this data as well as underground observations has confirmed the fault-slip mechanism of rock bursting at three mines. A detailed analysis of the complete history of Falconbridge Mine is being conducted and Distinct Element numerical models are being used to simulate both the stick-slip behaviour of faults and the dynamic effects of the induced vibrations on rock and backfill. University research includes acoustic tomographic imaging of the rock mass based on seismic wave propagation and collection of full micro seismic waveforms to allow application of advanced seismic and statistical analysis techniques. INTRODUCTIONFalconbridge Limited currently has five mines operating in the Sudbury Basin: East, Lockerby, Onaping, Fraser, and Strathcona Mines, which along with the Falconbridge open pit produced 2.8 million tonnes of ore in 1986. The underground mines range from about 600 m to 2000 m below surface and one of the consequences of mining at these depths is the occurrence of rockbursts.Research into rockburst phenomena at Falconbridge began over 25 years ago and research is continuing in an effort to avoid the problem by improved mine design, to protect mine openings from damage by design of effective support systems and to better understand the processes which precede a major fault slip rockburst. Since the early 1980s, significant progress has been made due principally to micro seismic monitoring and advances in microcomputer technology coupled with detailed underground investigations.It is now possible to identify the fault-slip mechanism as the cause of many of the rockbursts which occur at Falconbridge mines. By gaining an understanding of effect of mining-induced stresses on the pre-existing geological structures, areas which may experience rock bursting can be identified and can be protected against severe damage by appropriate support techniques."

Jan 1, 1989

By W. B. Gallup

"The Athabasca Bituminous Sands have been subject to sporadic investigations since the beginning of the century. It is probable, however, that much of what has been learned and achieved concerning the deposit has been accomplished in the last few years.Current exploratory techniques, generally speaking, involve a moderate amount of coring. Electrologs and often radioactive logs are run on most holes and certain types of these archieved excellent qualitative analysis when backed up by some core analysis for calibration. Exploration - is moving back from the river and consequently a permanent network of access roads has been developed within the last few years. Most of the operations take place in the winter time. There are about 90 permit holders at the present time.Some exploratory techniques are set up to go into recovery experiments where rich tar beds are found. It is probable that in the final analysis there will be several successful methods of extraction and that both mining and various in situ techniques will be applicable depending upon the problem locally."

Jan 1, 1960

By Dani J. Alldrick, Alastair J. Sinclair, Colin I. Godwin

"Abstract - The Stewart mining camp has a long history of precious and base metal mining. The camp is abundantly mineralized, with more than 200 widespread, varied, vein prospects, deposits and orebodies. These show wide variations in the mineralogy of ore, gangue and alteration assemblages, and wide variations in textures and structural settings. This report establishes the timing of the different metallogenic epochs and suggests a specific exploration application for systematic lead isotope analyses.Galena lead isotope ratios from a range of mineral occurrences indicate that all these varieddeposits formed during two main mineralizing events. Lead isotope data from the Stewart mining camp do not provide absolute ages for the formation of mineral deposits, but the relative distributions of data are consistent with dates determined in other studies. One ore-forming episode occurred in the Barly Jurassic and the other in the Middle Eocene. Both metallogenic epochs were brief, regional-scale phenomena. Sorne deposits from the younger mineralizing episode were em­ placed adjacent to or superimposed on the older deposits.Field and laboratory studies show that the two metallogenic epochs are characterized by different base and precious metal suites: Barly Jurassic gold-silver-zinc-lead-copper; and Middle Eocene silver-lead-zinc. Therefore, showings of different ages have different base and precious metal potentials and deserve different exploration emphasis. Lead isotope studies provide a reliable, cost-effective method for evaluating the age and commodity potential of small or recently discovered mineral showings and for setting exploration priorities on properties with several varied mineral occurrences . The determination of the age and metal potential of a prospect at an early stage of exploration may govern the urgency, intensity or even the necessity for further exploration work."

Jan 1, 1993

By L. H. McKay

Tailing Dams Three types of dam have been structed to impound tailings from the Allenby mill: 1.- By classifier unit 2.- By earth dam 3.- By direct deposition of tailings The first type, which includes two dams, was built across a shallow valley which sloped down to Similkameen river, just below the mill site. Two earth embankments, one below the other, were built across the valley. Tailings were then piped to Akins classifiers mounted on wooden wheels. The classifiers were set up at one side of the valley and gradually moved ahead on the sand embankment created by the sand discharge from these classifiers, the slime overflow going to settli.ng ponds formed by the dams. Decanting wells were built in the settling ponds by placing four six-by-six timbers vertically in the ground, two feet apart, to which two-by-six tongue-and-groove boards were nailed. The elevations of the ponds were raised, as required, by nailing additional two-by-six boards on the well and bolting on more six-by-six timbers when required. The bottoms of the wells were attached to a covered launder made of three-inch lumber laid on a one per cent grade. This launder carried the overflow through the dam. The second type of dam was built across a long, narrow valley, known as Hitchen's Flat, the upper ~n d of which was about 2½ miles north of the mill. This valley, an ideal tailings site, was 4,000 feet long and from 600 to 800 feet wide. An earth embankment with a concrete spillway through the top was built approximately 28 feet high across the lower end of this valley. Tailings were then dumped into the upper end of valley, with no further expense until the basin was filled up to the level of the flume where this entered the valley. When the upper end of the valley was filled to this point there was still room for more tailings at the lower end. Therefore, a pump was installed to elevate the tailings to build a wall around the upper end of the valley by depositing sands from a launder built up on 20 foot supports and sloping both ways from the pumping station around the upper end of the basin.

Jan 1, 1950

By M. M. C Jiménez, D. C. Buzzi, D. C. R. Espinosa, J. A. S Ténorio, G. F. R Oliveira

In this work the extractive and selective capacities of solvent extraction synergistic systems to recover nickel and cobalt were evaluated. The liquor used was from the high pressure acid leaching process (HPAL). Initially the industrial liquor, processed from lateritic ores, was analyzed to identify the concentrations of the metals. Experiments of synergistic solvent extraction were performed later. The extraction liquid-liquid was carried out with a mixture of Cyanex 272 (CY) and Ionquest 290 (IQ) extractants. The process was executed with the temperature of 65 ºC, pH of 5.2 and the ratio aqueousorganic 2:1. Systems of 80% kerosene and CY 20%, CY 16% - IQ 4%, CY 12% - IQ 8%, CY 8% - IQ 16%, CY 4% - IQ 16%, IQ 20% were studied during 20 minutes. The results of this paper showed that the mixture of these two extractants doesn’t improve significantly the recovery of nickel and cobalt from liquor.

Jan 1, 2014

By A. B. Walker

The effects of the injection of dry limestone additives into boilers for the sorption of sulphur dioxide have been studied in pilot and full-scale systems. The effects of such injections on boiler mass particulate emissions as well as collectability characteristics of the fly ash and reaction products are presented. Implications of the effects on the design and economics of particulate collectors, in particular electrostatic precipitators, are discussed.

Jan 1, 1971

By L. D. Roper

"This paper introduces novel comminution flowsheet concepts involving a novel apparatus, eccentric-high-pressure-centrifugal-comminution (eHPCC), and forthcoming advantages to the international mineral processing community. eHPCC is one-machine synergising high-pressure-rolling surfaces, high-intensity-attrition and centrifugal classification. eHPCC has demonstrated: an absorbed power- intensity of 4 MW/m3; receipt of lump feed whilst producing 80% of product particles less than (p80) 120 µm (choke-fed, dry, open circuit without grinding media; an inert comminution environment); tramp metal tolerance, and a minimum embodied-free-energy saving of 15% as compared against conventional comminution (this comparison withstanding 133-times difference in throughput). Furthermore, this paper introduces: process design and operating characteristics of eHPCC (wet, dry, with and without grinding media); reline considerations (vertical-lift without confined-space). The international mineral processing community is invited to consider eHPCC as an alternative to conventional comminution circuits and/ or complimentary so as to enhance existing process flow sheets.INTRODUCTIONEccentric-high-pressure-centrifugal-comminution (eHPCC) was conceived in 2013 (Patents pending) and has the potential to eliminate the in-efficiencies and complexity of conventional tumbling mill circuits. During the development and testing phase eHPCC demonstrated improved energy efficiency and sustainability offsets.eHPCC will compliment any upstream feed source, be it run-of-mine (ROM), primary crushed rock, or any other conventional comminution stream such as tumbling mill oversize. Another novelemerging technology, Conjugate Anvil-Hammer Mill (CAHM) (Nordell and Potapov, 2011), receiving ROM, will be a complimentary open-circuit feed to eHPCC for very high throughput flow-sheets.eHPCC may compliment downstream process requirements through selective mineral liberation. Selective mineral liberation is entirely feasible as the ore is comminuted upon itself (autogenously) in the high pressure zone caused by the synchronous rotating components."

Jan 1, 2016

By D. K. Sarkar, J. Perron, J. D. Brassard

"Nearly perfect spherical shaped water drops rolling-off from the surface of lotus leaf is one of the beauties of nature. This kind of surface is called superhydrophobic, since the water does not like it. Physically, a superhydrophobic surface provides a contact angle (CA) of water over 150°. The combinations of both mico-nanostructure topography as well as low surface energy are essential to have such high CA on a surface. Nano-micro structured superhydrophobic surfaces have been developed in different methods. (i) Monodispersed fluorinated silica nanoparticles have been synthetized via Stöber Sol-Gel process and deposited on various surfaces, such as aluminium or glass, to obtain transparent superhydrophobic thin films. (ii) Similarly, zinc stearate nanocomposite coating has been fabricated by spray process on the same substrates. These thin films are found mechanically robust with drag reduction of coefficient 16% lower than as-received surfaces. (iii) By electrodepositing pure zinc on steel surfaces and further coating it with diluted room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, the surface become superhydrophobic. This superhydrophobic surface protects the steel against corrosion by increasing the polarization resistance from 1.5 k? on steel to 44.4 k?. This coating also reduced the ice adhesion on the steel surface 6.3 times as compared to bare steel substrates. Globally, these superhydrophobic surfaces have tremendous applications against corrosion reductions, drag reductions and ice adhesion reductions.INTRODUCTIONSuperhydrophobic coatings are increasingly attractive to the industry and academia due to their unique self-cleaning properties as a result of their water repelling characteristics. Fabrication of superhydrophobic coating is an inspiration from nature as water is seen to repel on many natural surfaces such as those of the lotus leaves, butterfly wings, water striders’ legs, and so on (Gao & Jiang, 2004; J. Huang, Wang & Wang, 2006; Neinhuis & Barthlott, 1997; Zheng, Gao & Jiang, 2007). This non-wetting phenomenon is well understood on lotus leaves, shown on the Figure 1 (a), and it is considered as the basis of the studies of superhydrophobicity. The existence of this binary structure on the surface of the lotus leaves allows a large amount of air entrapment and consequently reduces the contact area of water on it and the presence of low surface energy waxy components with reduced affinity to water together leads to the superhydrophobic properties. The phenomenon is shown on Figure 1 (b). Cassie and Baxter (Cassie & Baxter, 1944) as well as Wenzel (Wenzel, 1936) proposed two mathematical models to explain the wetting phenomena on rough surfaces that leads to superhydrophobic properties. By definition, superhydrophobic surfaces are characterized by a water contact angle value = 150° with the rolling off of water drops from the surfaces (Sarkar & Saleema, 2010). Superhydrophobic surfaces find tremendous importance in the technological world where it can applied in domains such as anti-corrosion, anti-biofouling, electrowetting, icephobic and even in drag reductions (Bushnell & Moore, 1991; Cao, Jones, Sikka, Wu & Gao, 2009; Carlborg & van der Wijngaart, 2010; Carré & Mittal, 2009; Y. Huang, Sarkar & Chen, 2010a; R. Karmouch, Coude, Abel & Ross, 2009). However, the most important challenge faced by industries is their feasibility large scale in an effective an economical manner."

Jan 1, 2016

By L. H. Smith, D. S. Taylor

"AbstractSherritt has been applying hydraulic drives to concentrator equipment since 1967. The initial application was made on a bank of 5- by 5-in. slurry pumps. This has now been extended to all slurry pumps requiring less than 40 hp and several conveyors which require variable-speed or low-speed/high-torque characteristics. The pump motors are directly connected through a flexible coupling, whereas the conveyor systems are directly mounted onto the head-pulley shaft extension.The different applications and design concepts will be described, with outlines of the operating and maintenance advantages and disadvantages and costs. The paper also outlines future possible applications, together with the limiting conditions, of such systems.IntroductionSHERRITT GORDON MINES LIMITED has been operating a mining division in Northern Manitoba for almost 50 years. The original mining operation was at Sherridon, Manitoba and was a copper-zinc producer. This mine was exhausted in 1948 and the mining plant was moved north to its present location at Lynn Lake, Manitoba. The Lynn Lake Mine is a nickel-copper producer. Since 1960, two new mines have been discovered and brought into production in the general vicinity of Lynn Lake. The first of these was the Fox Mine, a copper-zinc property operating at 3,000 tons per day from an underground operation. This mine started production in May 1970."

Jan 1, 1977