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By M. Peshko, J. C. Gingerich, L. W. Matthews

"Noranda has successfully developed and implemented two leading-edge mineral exploration technologies — hyperspectral remote sensing and 3-D seismic surveying. Airborne hyperspectral imaging provides detailed geological and mineralogical mapping capability at both a regional and project scale that facilitates improved selection of prospective terrain and an accelerated exploration cycle. Noranda, in partnership with Falconbridge, has licensed the exclusive use of the Earth Search Sciences Inc. (ESSI) Probe-1 hyperspectral scanners (128- channel, 0.43 µm to 2.5 µm spectral range) that are capable of mapping in excess of 3500 km2 per day at 10 m pixel resolution. The technology has been successfully deployed on four continents over a broad range of terrain from desert to boreal forest and the high Arctic.To augment the company’s deep search initiatives, Noranda has successfully modified and implemented existing 3-D seismic technology to help targeting massive sulphides located at depths ranging from 500 m to 2000 m. In the fall of 1998 and early 1999, Noranda completed an 18 km2, 3-D seismic program in eastern Canada by successfully drill testing acoustic impedance anomalies locating massive sulphides at depths in excess of 1100 m."

Jan 1, 2002

By Moe Momayez

Shotcrete is a practical and economical support system in many Canadian underground mines. Although shotcrete technology has gained acceptance in the mining industry, there are some problems that have emerged with respect to quality assessment and thickness measurement of the liner. This paper presents recent tests performed with a miniature seismic reflection device developed primarily for thickness measurement of this heterogeneous liner. Work was performed on site in an underground mine in Ontario, Canada. This paper also presents the results from laboratory tests performed on fibre reinforced and non-reinforced shotcrete panels that were used to assess the P-wave velocity in both materials. The results of these tests were used in a second on site investigation. The NDT thickness measurements showed good agreement with direct thickness measurement such as coring.

May 1, 2001

By Seppo Haapamaki

"Since it started production in 1970, Anderson Lake Mine has experienced several radical changes in mining methods as a result of the physical characteristics of the ore zone along with the need for improved productivity. This paper examines the transition from longhole open stoping to mechanized cut-and fill then to vertical crater retreat at Anderson Lake Mine. The reasons for the need to change mining methods is analyzed taking into consideration the impact of such criteria as improved productivity and ground conditions and how these criteria affected the over-all economic viability of the mine. IntroductionAnderson Lake Mine is one of five producing copper mines in the Snow Lake area and is situated approximately 3 km southeast of the townsite of Snow Lake (Fig. I).The mine production rate at Anderson Lake is 700 tpd and all ore is trucked from the mine to the mill located approximately 2.5 km from the mine site . The mine is serviced by a three-compartment shaft sunk to a depth of 3300 ft with level spacings at 175 ft and 150 ft intervals from the 600 ft level to the 3000 ft level. .The shaft was collared in 1965 and, a year later, the hoist and compressors were installed. By 1969, a crusher system had been built and actual production began in 1970. During 1978, production was suspended for the year to allow for 430 ft of shaft deepening."

Jan 1, 1988

By William A. Napier

The Mantaro Phosphate Property is located ~ 250 km east of Lima, Peru in the Andean altiplano near the city of Huancayo, Junin District. The Mantaro deposit is a mineralized zone of phosphatic rock currently defined by surface outcrops, trenches and drilling extending over a strike length of more than 30 km and a width of more than 5 km covering ~27,700 hectares. Mineralization is exposed as three roughly parallel exposures (?mantos?) trending in a northwest-southeast direction along the Mancaspico syncline. Estimated mineral resources1 contained in Manto 1 of the Property (4% P2O5 cut-off) as of February 21, 2010, are: Measured 5.548 million tonnes @ 10.8% P2O5 Indicated 33.975 million tonnes @ 9.9% P2O5 Measured + Indicated 39.523 million tonnes @ 10.0 % P2O5 Inferred² 376.265 million tonnes @ 9.0% P2O5 1Tonnes rounded to the nearest 1,000 and grade to 1 decimal place. 2Inferred material reported with no cut-off and an assumed grade. There is considerable potential to expand the resource base. Mantos 2 and 3 of the deposit have been geologically mapped and exhibit surface mineralization widths similar to Manto 1. Given that the deposit is of marine sedimentary origin, it is reasonable to infer that comparable grades and depth of mineralization are present within Mantos 2 and 3. Based on this assumption, the potential mineral deposits within Mantos 2 and 3 are estimated to be approximately: Manto 2 425-435 million tonnes @ 9% P2O5 Manto 3 280-290 million tonnes @ 9 % P2O5 These potential quantities and grade are conceptual in nature, there has been insufficient exploration to define a mineral resource and it is uncertain if further exploration will result in these targets being delineated as a mineral resource. However, should such conceptual resources be confirmed by trenching and drilling, the Mantaro Phosphate Property would rank as one of the most significant phosphate deposits in the world.

May 1, 2011

By Jos. Kalbhenn

MR. G. G. BOWSER: Mr. Kalbhenn's paper is an excellent one and is a concise description of a very interesting piece of work. It is well known that a great deal of preliminary study was given to this job before the final plans were made. It is due to this thorough preparation .chat the work progressed so satisfactorily, smoothly, and safely. The ideas carried out in the construction of the hardwood pack, timbered compartment, inclined raise, loading chute, and steel-boomed room, all contributed to a successful conclusion of the work. The extra care in being certain that the compartment shafts were well timbered was especially necessary on account of the difficult blasting conditions. In other words, the foundations .of this job were well and truly laid. The blasting in this work was very difficult due to the nature of the Strata. Working under an ever precarious roof condition and completing .this job with only two lost-time accidents is a record of which to be proud. The shaft men engaged on this work are also due for praise. I regret I did not visit this work while it was in progress. It was not in lack of interest. This, however, more or less proves that the blasting end .of this job went along with practically no trouble. I have seen the nature of the rock, as I made several visits to the tunnels while they were being put through from the Phalen to the Harbour seam. According to figures in Mr. Kalbhenn's paper, the explosives consumption works out to 1.61 pounds per cubic yard of rock in the solid, or 0.8 pounds per ton. The explosives consumption in the tunnels ran from 2.86 to 3.46 pounds per cubic yard or an average of 1.58 pounds per ton of rock. Of course, the rock in the shaft was blasted in the most economical way possible, as far as powder costs are concerned, as the face advanced at close -wright angles to the strata and gravity was acting with the explosive. The tunnels were driven nearly 'end on' the strata and bottom holes had to be lifted, and I believe there was some re-drilling of ribs left in the floor. I would like to congratulate Mr. Kalbhenn on his very fine paper.

Jan 1, 1944

By Greg Gosson, Larry B. Smith

"These are heady times for the mining industry, with strong metal prices, investor enthusiasm for the junior explorer and ready access to finance for mineral projects. Many projects were shelved in the past because of technical deficiencies — insufficient tonnes or grade, metallurgical problems, the deposit was too deep or too narrow, or the project was physically or economically under water. With the possibility of sustained metal prices, now is the time for those previously “challenged” projects to be re-evaluated and financing sought for continued development. The question is, do these deposits have reasonable prospects for economic extraction, as required by all mineral resource reporting codes? NI 43-101 defines a mineral resource as that portion of the mineral inventory that has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. However, a mineral resource is not simply an inventory of all blocks above a given cut-off grade. The spatial distribution and geological and grade continuity must also be considered. The qualified person (QP) must consider factors significant to project economics at the mineral resource estimation stage, and not just when qualifying mineral reserves. CIM Best Practice Guidelines for estimating mineral resources require the factors significant to project economics be current, reasonably developed and based on generally accepted industry practice and experience. In establishing the cut-off grade, it must realistically reflect the location, deposit scale, continuity, assumed mining method, metallurgical processes, costs and reasonable long-term metal prices appropriate for the deposit. Variations within the resource model (rock characteristics, metallurgy, mining methods, etc.) may necessitate more than one cut-off grade or economic limit in different parts of the deposit model. There must be sufficient knowledge of the metallurgical characteristics of the deposit, which should be supported by preliminary metallurgical test results."

Jan 1, 2003

By Lawrence Devon Smith

"What is Due Diligence?Within the mining industry the term “due diligence” is used to describe a detailed data review, generally in connection with the purchase or sale of a mineral property, the approval of a large capital expenditure, or the borrowing of a large sum of money.The term originates in the requirement of the board of directors of a corporation to “act honestly and in good faith ... and exercise the care, diligence, and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances” (OBCA, 1994). Furthermore, the law assumes that a corporation (or its board) will have exercised due diligence in the acquisition of an asset and, therefore, knowingly (in the absence of fraud or deceit) will have taken on the liabilities and obligations associated with the asset (Nelson, 1994). This is the familiar “Buyer Beware”.Directors are liable for their decisions except “if the director relies in good faith upon financial statements of the corporation represented … by an officer of the corporation or in a written report of the auditor, or a report of a lawyer, accountant, engineer, appraiser, or other person whose profession lends credibility to a statement made by any such person.” (OBCA, 1994).Hence the importance of reports prepared by professionals. They provide confirmation that the directors have exercised due diligence in the performance of their duties. For this reason these reports are referred to as due diligence studies"

Jan 1, 1997

By Lawrence Devon Smith

"Within the mining industry the term “due diligence” is used to describe a detailed data review, generally in connection with the purchase or sale of a mineral property, the approval of a large capital expenditure, or the borrowing of a large sum of money.The term originates in the requirement of the board of directors of a corporation to “act honestly and in good faith and exercise the care, diligence, and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances” (OBCA, 1994). Furthermore, the law assumes that a corporation (or its board) will have exercised due diligence in the acquisition of an asset and, therefore, knowingly (in the absence of fraud or deceit) will have taken on the liabilities and obligations associated with the asset (Nelson, 1994). This is the familiar “Buyer Beware”.Directors are liable for their decisions except “if the director relies in good faith up on financial statements of the corporation represented by an officer of the corporation or in a written report of the auditor, or a report of a lawyer, accountant, engineer, appraiser, or other person whose profession lends credibility to a statement made by any such person.”(OBCA, 1994).Hence the importance of reports prepared by professionals. They provide confirmation that the directors have exercised due diligence in the performance of their duties. For this reason these reports are referred to as due diligence studies."

Jan 1, 1996

By Robert Drummond

Away back in the eighties of the last century, when Sir Charles, then Doctor, Tupper, was not only a prominent but a dominant figure in the political life of Nova Scotia, his opponents brought the railing accusation against him that he was the foremost of egotists because of his frequent use of the personal pronoun. I heard Tupper speak and had no sympathy with the railers, because I could not well see how the pronoun could be dispensed with without laying himself open to a charge of affectation. I shall make reference in what follows to incidents in which I have taken part, and shall be at no pains to dispense with the pronoun, even though thereby I lay my-self open to the charge of being a pupil of the deceased states-man. EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PROVINCIAL WORKMEN'S ASSOCIATION The Springhill Mining Company began development work at Springhill in the early seventies of last century. So vigorously was the work prosecuted that in 18 7 4 two slopes, the east and the west, were in active operation, with a considerable. output, the east slope on occasional days producing 800 tons. The President of the Company, the late Senator McFarlane, was a Nova Scotian, the other directors were mainly merchants from St. John, N.B. From the first the enterprise was an .astonishing success, due in the greatest part to its geographical position, and in large part to the untiring vigilance of the directors, a majority of whom visited the collieries at short intervals, thereby keeping the manager, much of the time, on tenter hooks.

Jan 1, 1924

By Norman O. Lotter, Lori Kormos, Greg J. Wilkie, Peter J. Whittaker, Johannes S. Stickling

"Assessment of opportunities to improve mineral processing performance in existing concentrators and in describing undeveloped orebodies is key to improving the business case of a mining company. This assessment has traditionally been performed using the distinct and separate inputs from Mineral Processing and Mineral Science.More recently, Process Mineralogy has been used to integrate these two disciplines. This trend has been driven by the need to develop and process more challenging ore deposits, and has been assisted by the availability of modern automated instruments. Together with the acquisition of a QemSCAN (Quantitative Evaluation of Materials by Scanning Electron Microscope) from CSIRO in Australia, and with the use of a supporting SEM with EDX / WDX capabilities and an XRD, the development of Process Mineralogy at Falconbridge commenced in 1997.The sampling challenges in presenting a QemSCAN with representative sample material at the polished section level are significant, but have been effectively addressed. The full description of this aspect is beyond the scope of this paper.It is shown that, by use of this approach, the set nature of an orebody can be best exploited with selected flowsheet changes in a concentrator which address the generic characteristics of the orebody. In this way, the flowsheet provides a process that more effectively fits the mineral processing requirements of the ore. This leads to clear and tangible improvements in grade and recovery."

Jan 1, 2002

By Corrie Pitzer

Safety performance in many companies and even industries has stalled in the last decade. Accidents rates are improving but more slowly and yet, serious accidents and fatality rates are not: in fact, these rates of more serious incidents have plateaued or deteriorating. In more dramatic cases, organizations that had ?exemplary? safety statistics, suddenly had a catastrophic or multi-fatality event occurring. Popular books such as In Search of Excellence of Peters and Waterman or Good to Great of Jim Collins created many delusional ?secrets? or recipes, to achieve great performance and yet, most of those ?great? or ?excellent? companies have now declined in their performance, some dramatically and some have fallen from grace, like Fanny Mae, a company Jim Collins identified as a ?great? one, that had to be bailed out in the latest financial crisis. These organizations share several ?delusions? about managing a business, and often, these delusions are created by academics, consultants and authors of popular books about (safety) management. More damaging however is that safety management is defined by a set of key practices or axioms: a focus on human error, compliance to rules and regulations, creating consistency of systems and actions, reacting to accidents and incidents and on prevention of those, measuring safety with performance metrics and rewarding employees on those measurements. All of these axioms contain the seeds of destruction, and they create conditions and dynamics that precede the disaster - and ironically, they are all 'good things' we do in safety management. For example, a mere focus on safety in the business, and the measurement of it, create a culture of repression of mistakes and incidents, leading to a situation where the organization knows incrementally less and less of risks and risktaking behaviour - until the day it all coincides destructively! This paper discusses seven such safety delusions and how they impact on the views and safety management approaches. They are: ??The delusion of (risk) control, that risks can actually be identified, analyzed and mitigated. ??The delusion of compliance, that mere compliance to rules will safeguard the business ??The delusion of consistency, that standard operating procedures will ensure safe operations ??The delusion of predictability, that accidents and trends tell us everything about the risks of the future ??The delusion of human error, that people are the weakest link and that it can actually be dealt with through discipline and enforcement. ??The delusion of statistical trends, that safety is measurable with statistics ??The delusion of invulnerability, that we have achieved high levels integrity and capability to deal wit risks. Organizations that suffered catastrophes all share some or all of these delusions and this paper traces how these played a role in many disasters, ranging from the Titanic, Challenger, Piper Alpha, Bhopal, BP Deepwater Horizon and many more.

Aug 1, 2013

By J. A. Jr. Carpenter

Expanding world economic prosperity, probable peaking of conventional petroleum production in the coming decades and environmental concerns require efforts to increase the efficiency of, and the development of alternatives to, petroleum-based fuels used in automotive transportation. In January 2002, the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) and the U.S. Council for Automotive Research (USCAR) of the "Big Three" traditionally-USA-based automakers, DaimlerChrysler, Ford and General Motors, formed the Freedom Cooperative Automotive Research (FreedomCAR) Partnership to fund high-risk, high-payoff research into advanced automotive technologies with the potential for eventually lowering the USA's nearly complete (95%) dependence on petroleum, 55% imported, for its transportation fuels. FreedomCAR replaced the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) which existed from 1993 to 2001. In January 2003, the energy-supply industry joined with the FreedomCAR Partnership forming the FreedomCAR and Fuel Initiative (FC&FI) to develop the technologies needed for the mass production of fuel-cell vehicles using hydrogen as fuel and the infrastructure needed to deliver the hydrogen to the consumer. The goal is to enable the automotive and energy-supply industries to make commercialization decisions in 2015 on large-scale introduction of such vehicles and on developing the infrastructure beginning in 2020. In addition to work on fuel cells and hydrogen infrastructure, the FC&FI conducts research on technologies with the potential for nearer-term energy efficiency and environmental benefits, such as new engine concepts, lightweight materials, and engine-electric hybrid propulsion systems. Lightweighting is seen as crucial for shorter and for longer term benefits because hybrid and fuel-cell powertrains are expected, at least in the early stages of adoption, to be heavier and more costly per unit of power than the standard internal-combustion, gasoline- or diesel-fueled powertrains they replace. Research and development (R&D) on casting of aluminum automotive components were major parts of the PNGV and R&D on casting of magnesium automotive components have been and are so under FreedomCAR. This presentation will review those efforts.

Jan 1, 2006

By J. A. López-Molina, S. García, V. Castellanos-Pedroza

"Groundwater inflow into underground constructions may cause hazardous working conditions and environmental problems. It is essential to localize and characterize potential flow paths and to estimate the amount of water leakages, so that appropriate sealing works can be performed. Estimating the amount of water ingress is a multi-phase process starting from qualitative and quantitative examination of rock mass. Due to association of uncertainty, vagueness and incompleteness with the monitored data set, particularly resulted from the in situ tests, accounting relevant approaches such Fuzzy Logic and Recurrent Neural Networks, are proposed in this research for learning acquisition, extraction of rules and prediction of behaviors. The computational set of artificial tools permits using the complex information entities or information granules (rock types, geologic structures, hydro-fracture potential) for data abstraction and derivation of knowledge from records (numerical or linguistic format). This is more a theoretical perspective than a set of methods or principles. As a theoretical perspective, this proposal encourages an approach to data that recognizes and exploits the information present in indexes at various levels of resolution or scales. In this sense, it encompasses the methods which provide flexibility and adaptability in the resolution at which knowledge or information is extracted and represented. The product of merging these tools is a 3D artificial-mapping of rock classification (Qi-system), geological conditions and Lugeon units that permits, as far as possible, to understand more and better the flow behavior."

Jan 1, 2015

By A. Vasenev

The quality and durability of asphalted roads strongly depends on the final step in the road construction process; the profiling and compaction of the fresh spread asphalt. During compaction machine operators continuously make decisions on how to proceed with the compaction accounting for project specific aspects as: ambient conditions, road geometry, roller type, asphalt mixture characteristics and behavior of other machines. In discussions over quality improvement in road construction it is often suggested to robotize rollers. To operate such robots would of course require operational strategies and routines. The reality of this moment is that these operational strategies and routines are not documented. To identify the existing best working practices and, ultimately, to proceed with developing automated robotized compactors, the knowledge of machine operators should at first be explored and described in a formalized way. Unfortunately operators have difficulty verbalizing their expertise. Observation of behavior, as machine movement patterns, could be helpful to extract the operational strategies, but such observations are time and labor consuming. To overcome this burden we developed a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. In this VR environment operators perform compaction virtually, and their operational choices are traced and analysed. This paper describes this VR development and explains how it helps in following machine operators and extracting their (tacit) professional knowledge. The road geometry and the working conditions are visually represented; the operators show - rather than explain - how they would proceed with the compaction process in the given conditions. Movements of virtual machines are documented, analysed, visualised and discussed. This VR approach is expected to contribute to learning, to more formal description of operational strategies; stepping stones towards compaction algorithms for roller robotisation.

Aug 1, 2013

"Mining with blast holes drilled upwards may be done to recover sill pillars, or for economic reasons when the distance between the levels is relatively large. If the rock is sufficiently competent to accommodate large stope size, the distance between sublevels could be increased to as much as drilling accuracy allows. The same drill drift can be used for the drilling of both down holes and up holes. In the case of down holes, the initial opening of the stope (drop raise) is not as much a problem as for the inverse drop raise for mining with up holes. This is because, with a drop raise, a lot of space is available at the toe for the blasted rock to expand. In addition, the raise can be blasted in many shots, thus allowing smaller blasts each time. Inverse drop raises are generally much more difficult to blast because of the limited space for muck flow, and must, therefore, be taken down in a single blast, requiring special considerations in order to ensure a success. A case study of a 29 m (95 ft) inverse drop raise successfully blasted in a single shot at Heath Steele Mines is described. The paper covers technical considerations such as drilling accuracy, hole deviation survey, delay extension and protection, initiation methods and initiation sequence. Finally, a novel method for creating the initial opening called ’slot drilling’ is presented. This method, inspired from LKAB in Sweden, consists of drilling a row of interconnected holes using a special guide mounted on a regular production drill hammer.With a case study of blasting an inverse drop raise of 29 m (95 ft) in one blast, this paper further discusses some technical issues that are critical for the development of inverse drop raises. A novel method for creating the initial opening with a slot of interconnected holes is also presented with the experience acquired at different mine sites across the Noranda group."

Jan 1, 2000

By M. J. McLeod, D. R. Lux, R. P. Taylor

"The Mount Douglas Granite constitutes the eastern part of the Saint George Batholith and contains the youngest, most differentiated phases of the batholith. It also contains extensive endogranitic, low-grade. Sn- W-Mo-bearing sheeted vein systems. Early phases of the Mount Douglas Granite are coarse- to medium-grained, seriate granites that represent the slowly cooled carapace of the intrusion. Late phases are medium- to fine-grained, equigranular and porphyritic granites that were accompanied by repeated and widespread fracturing of the carapace and injection of mineralizing fluids. These granites represent a highly differentiated suite with ""A "" type affinities developed in a ""within plate"" transitional to ""syn-collision"" tectonic setting. 4oAr/ 39Ar dates for biotites from the various phases indicate emplacement circa 367 Ma.The linear distribution of some phases in the Mount Douglas Granite and the systematic orientations of sheeted veins along tensional fractures indicate structural control on granite emplacement and vein distribution. This type of relatively passive endogranitic mineralization is unique in the granites of southern New Brunswick and contrasts markedly with highly fluidized systems operative elsewhere in the area. IntroductionInvestigation of Sn-W-Mo occurrences in New Brunswick has shown that most of this mineralization is associated with late, highly differentiated phases of post-orogenic (Acadian) granitoid magmatism that occurred during Devonian and Early Carboniferous time (Ruitenberg and Fyffe, 1982; Taylor et al., 1988). The polymetallic Mount Pleasant Sn-W-Mo deposit (Ruitenberg, 1967, 1972; Kooiman et al., 1986)and the Burnt Hill W deposit are two orebodies of this type in New Brunswick. Numerous smaller deposits associated with these granitoid rocks in southwestern New Brunswick have been documented in previous investigations (Ruitenberg, 1967, 1968; Ruitenberg and Fyffe, 1982; Taylor et al., 1985; Lentz, 1985)."

Jan 1, 1988

By W. B. Timm

Introduction In preparing this paper on Recent Developments in Gold Milling Practice, the idea occurred to me that possibly the best way to deal with the subject would be to take you in thought on a visit to the principal gold mining camps of the Dominion, starting at the east and finishing up in the west, and noting, as we go, the outstanding improvements that have been made in the last few years in the practice of gold milling. Before beginning this tour, I desire to emphasize the debt this country, and particularly our mining industry, owes to that body of trained and experienced men, little heard of, but who, working quietly on their problems, are responsible for these improvements. The metallurgists, to whom I refer, have solved many difficult problems for the mining industry, in connection with the treatment of our complex ores; for instance, the silver-cobalt ores of the Cobalt district, the gold ores of the Porcupine district, the gold-telluride ores of the Kirkland Lake? district, the copper-gold ores of Noranda, the arsenical-gold ores of the Beattie mine, the copper-zinc ores of Flin Flon, and the lead-zinc ores of Kimberley. In doing so, they have maintained the high technical standards of the profession, and the practices thus evolved are noteworthy for their high degree of efficiency. When the price of gold increased from $20.67 to $35.00 an ounce, what had formerly been thought to be a low tailing became almost an ore, so that the metallurgists are now busily engaged upon the problem of putting this railing back in its proper place of being a tailing once more, or from its value, at the present price, of anywhere from 50 cents to a dollar or so per ton, to a few cents per ton. Owing to the changing prices of the metals in the world's markets, still greater improvements in metallurgical practices are imperative. An important contributory factor towards improvement in ore dressing is the aid furnished by the microscope in the examination of ores and mill products. By making possible the determination of the mineral constituents of the ore, their association, and grain size, it gives the investigator a knowledge of his problem, before he does any actual test work. In the Mines Branch laboratories at Ottawa, its use has enabled us to predict how an ore should respond to various methods of treatment.

Jan 1, 1935

By J. Aiello

"A brief history of previous mining activity on Coal Mountain, near Corbin, British Columbia, is followed by a description of the steps leading up to the resumption of mining in /974 by Byron Creek Collieries. New developments, including a preparation plant, a rail spur and a totally enclosed facility, as well as operating techniques, are also discussed. IntroductionThe Corbin Mine of Byron Creek Collieries Limited is located in southeastern British Columbia, approximately 110 air miles southwest of Calgary (Fig. I), 15 miles south of Highway 3 via a newly constructed provincial road (Fig. 2). Development of the area began on July 30, 1905, when D.C. Corbin, a prominent businessman from the northwestern U.S., and his associate E.J . Robert s, first visited the site of Coal Mountain on horseback. Coal was in great demand by railways and other industrial users, so the Corbin Coal and Coke Co. , after acquiring 15,000 acres of land in the area , began to develop a mine.F.J. Roberts was responsible for the construction of the 14-mile rail spur, the Eastern British Columbia Railway, which joined the mine to the CPR main line at the McGillivray Loop. Rail access to the mine and its developing community, Corbin, B.C., was completed in September 1908, the same year that the first underground mine began production.The Corbin Coal and Coke Co. operated six mines on Coal Mountain (Fig. 3), and production from 1908 to 1930 inclusive totalled 2,337,800 tons. This production was allocated to the mines as shown in Table 1. No.3, 4 and 6 mines were operated intermittently from 1931 to 1935."

Jan 1, 1980

By Maria Agostina Cinellu

Some aspects of the reactivity of the two different kinds of gold(III) oxo complexes [Au2(N,N)2(?-O)2][X]2 [N,N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) (1), 6-alkyl-2,2'-bipyridine (bipyR) (2), R = Me a, CH2Me b, CHMe2 c, CMe3 d, CH2CMe3 e] and [Au2(C,N,N)2(?-O)][X]2 [HC,N,N = 6-benzyl-2,2'-bipyridine (bipyR') (3), R' = CHMeC6H5 a, CMe2C6H5 b] (X = BF4, PF6) have been studied. Treatment with water converts the unsubstituted bipyridine complex [Au2(bipy)2(?-O)2][PF6]2 (1) and the cyclometallated derivatives [Au2(C,N,N)2(?-O)][PF6]2 (3) into the water soluble monomeric hydroxo species [Au(bipy)(OH)2][PF6] (4) and [Au(C,N,N)(OH)][PF6] (5), respectively. These hydroxo species, likely the intermediates in the formation of the oxo complexes, are quantitatively reverted to the latter ones by reflux in anhydrous solvents. Both kinds of oxo complexes react with PPh3 to give OPPh3, the gold(I) complex [Au(PPh3)2][PF6] and the free bipyridine ligands. The reaction of the dioxo complexes [Au2(bipyR)2(?-O)2][PF6]2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2e) with different alkenes gives the unprecedented alkene complexes [Au(bipyR)(?2-alkene)][PF6]. The styrene adduct [Au(bipyip)(?2- CH2=CHPh)][PF6] (7) (bipyip = 6-iso-propyl-2,2?-bipyridine c) has been characterized, inter alia, by X-ray diffraction analysis. Organic products arising from olefin oxidation are also found in the reaction mixture.

Oct 1, 2003

By Paul Gauthier

Aujourd?hui, avec un faible prix de l?or sur le marché, les opérateurs miniers doivent revoir leur façon de faire. La méthode de minage «Eureka» permet de réduire les coûts de production et d?accélérer la mise en production des chantiers. Les principales étapes du cycle de minage et les problématiques associées à l?utilisation de cette méthode à la Mine Bousquet y sont décrites.

Oct 1, 2001