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By Kanchan Mondal, Gopi Bylapudi, Anand Bhagwat

Corrosion of steel roof support systems can cause potential premature failure of the support, thus adversely affecting the excavation stability and rock-related safety. An in-house corrosion test system was designed and developed to test full-length roof bolts for material performance based on tensile load capacity and strength under different corrosive conditions found underground. The roof bolts tested are also used to identify the possible corrosion mechanisms that influenced the bolts’ performance over time. Initially, the most commonly used bolt material in the USA, the ASTM A615 grade 60 steel roof bolts, was tested with and without stresses in a simulated underground coal mining environment for approximately 6 months, and the results are discussed. Localized corrosion forms such as crevice and pitting were mainly observed after testing. The stressed and unstressed roof bolts with and without threads that were tested in alkaline coal mine corrosive environment for 6 months passed their load-bearing capacity as per ASTM F432 test standards. From the results, it is concluded that this test protocol could be applicable to test the material performance of different roof bolt metallurgies and coatings with desired modifications to the proposed methodology for the specific underground mine environment. This paper mainly discusses the test system and protocol and shortcomings of the system and makes recommendations based on the observations and results.

By Gordon Revey

The challenge of managing blasting risk, types of risk, public perception, and a system for managing risk were covered in the first part of this article in the May/June 2000 issue of the Journal of Explosives Engineering. This final part of this two-part series provides a method for identifying specific blasting risks and reviews the importance of community relations.

Jan 1, 2001

By Ben Hayes, Michael Ryjevski

The Palm Jumeirah is the smallest of the three Palm Islands (Palm Jumeirah, Palm Jebel Ali and Palm Deira). It is located on the Jumeirah coastal area of the emirate of Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The unique man made island is built in the shape of a date palm tree and consists of a trunk, a crown, 17 fronds and a surrounding crescent island that will form a breakwater. The Jumeirah Palm Island is primarily are treat and residential area for living, relaxation, and leisure. It will contain themed boutique hotels, three types of villas, shoreline apartment buildings, beaches, marinas, restaurants, cafes and a variety of retail outlets.

Jan 1, 2007

By Guido Huarcaya

El control de costos es una actividad en la minería que se relaciona con la gestión de la empresa en diversos aspectos. En ese sentido, el presente texto plantea los modelos de control de costos empleados en dicha compañía durante el período 2004-2011, donde se reduce los diversos ratios de consumo, de forma que permanezca ubicada en el primer cuartil de las empresas mineras en costos unitarios de producción.

Sep 12, 2011

By Whiten W. J

A simulation model was used to study the performance of various types of screen cloth on industrial vibrating screens. The model takes into account the effect of loading upon screen performance and predicts both themass flow rate and size distribution of the screen products.It was found that the use of the simulation model allowed the reconstruction of data for identical conditions and hence has simplified the analysis of the comparative performance of the screens. The dependence of performance upon operating conditions was found to vary markedly with screen cloth type.

Jan 1, 1977

By Henry Schwellenbach

LABOR shortages, rising wages, and changes in moisture and fines content of the ore necessitated a review of the flowsheet at Warren Foundry & Pipe Co's. Mt. Hope, N. J. Mines Div. This plant had been designed prior to World War II, and started operations in January 1945. When this operation was designed there was an oversupply of labor in the area, wages were at a reasonable level, the run-of-mine ore was low in moisture, and there was a limited amount of fines. These factors all favored use of hand picking for cleaning rougher lump concentrate. Since that time, many changes have occurred. The proximity of defense industries and large military installations, has created one of the most acute labor shortages in the country. This labor shortage together with present wage levels, and the increase in moisture and fines in the ore created several problems. The increase in moisture and fines may be attributed to changed mining methods, the extensive use of sprays, and the opening of new mining areas bringing an increase in ground water. [ ] Two problems were presented by the increase in moisture and fines. The first was that lump ore arrived at the open hearth in an unacceptable condition, due to the segregation enroute of the large amount of fines that had adhered to the lumps. The second problem was that high magnetite content fines coated the large lumps, making it difficult for pickers to distinguish middling by other than the relative weight. [ ]

Jan 1, 1952

By Héctor Benavente V

La presente investigación señala el comportamiento de la cinética de flotación para los sulfuros de cobre y molibdeno en las condiciones de operación de la concentradora de Toquepala. Para ello, se consideran dos variables: tamaño de las partículas y el tipo de colector utilizado. Una vez obtenidas las variables, se optimiza la recuperacíón de los sulfuros en los rangos granulométricos que lo requieran.

Aug 26, 1988

By A. J. MacRae

Metallurgical furnaces are made up of complex multi-component systems that must function either together or in parallel for safe, and reliable operation. Thermal expansion of single material components experience induced stresses during heating and cooling, which can lead to cracking or failure. Multi component elements and systems can experience significant thermally induced stresses during both steady state and transient temperature conditions. Examples pertaining to temperature effects on refractory, copper cooling blocks, furnace shells, and complete systems will be discussed. The purpose of the paper is to highlight how stresses and strains are developed due to differential thermal expansion.

Jan 1, 2015

By Pedro Tumialán

En el proceso de exploración de yacimientos se utilizan las deducciones de las secciones longitudinales construidas como resultado de trabajo de gabinete de datos que se obtienen en el campo presente. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala algunos casos aplicados en el Perú con el objeto de incidir de manera indirecta la importancia de un método más usado en exploración.

Mar 1, 1973

By Frank Gómez, Solange Ríos, Jean Valencia

La eficiencia y evolución de las actividades de perforación y voladura son de gran relevancia en la actualidad debido al impacto que causa en los procesos posteriores dentro de las operaciones mineras. Sin embargo, esta actividad unitaria experimenta numerosos problemas operativos debido a la mala elección de la malla de perforación y del explosivo, lo cual causa sobre-excavación, mala fragmentación, dilución y pérdida de mineral, entre otros. El objetivo de este trabajo técnico es optimizar las actividades de perforación y voladura de la Unidad Minera San Rafael aplicando los modelos de rotura y predicción de cavidades.

Sep 30, 2022

By J. Solano

El sostenimiento con pernos de roca requiere de estudios que determinen cuáles son los factores que influyen en el proceso de acción recíproca entre la roca y sus elementos. En ese sentido, el objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas, basadas en el principio de deformación y compresión sobre la roca en el mismo campo de trabajo. Para ello, es necesario considerar que el desconocimiento de las propiedades físico-mecánicos de la masa rocosa y de instrumentos de investigación, limita el estudio a la determinación del anclaje y la pérdida de tensión de los pernos.

Nov 20, 1972

By Víctor Barrientos

El presente texto analiza el tiempo adecuado de reemplazo para dos flotas de camiones con ocho años de operación a través de la metodología de costo anual equivalente (CAE) donde se analiza los costos futuros y permite comparar entre proyectos de distintos costos de inversión, operación, mantención (O&M) y vidas útiles. En ese sentido, se utilizó el cálculo de los costos de ineficiencia, operación y mantención, incluyendo el efecto de la inflación.

Mar 1, 2015

By Emad Iskander

The seepage forces generated around pressurized water tunnels in rock are investigated using the analysis tools of geomechanics. The theoretical background of the two-phase material behavior is explained and the equations of motion and continuity are presented. Applications on two case studies typically occurring in practice deal with the required minimum rock cover for a pressurized tunnel and the separation between two tunnels carrying different heads. The rock mass behavior as described by the Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown material models is investigated by numerical analyses and the results are compared. The effect of key material parameters on the safety factors and the associated modes of failure is discussed.

Jan 1, 2008

By Thiago Pinto Wandekoken

A aciaria elétrica da Votorantim Siderurgia em Resende, possui um FEA de capacidade de 100 t, transformador de 100+20 MVa, equipado com 05 injetores convencionais de oxigênio e 03 injetores convencionais de carbono. Em função do elevado aporte de energia química e elétrica inserida no processo os painéis refrigerados, e demais equipamentos localizados em determinadas regiões do FEA, são termicamente mais solicitados e requerem maior atenção e rigor do sistema de manutenção preventiva, a fim de evitar interrupções operacionais do processo. Através da análise de dados históricos, detectou-se que a região do FEA de maior criticidade e intervenções de manutenção era o painel refrigerado P-10. As tecnologias Double Side e Protect Block foram instaladas em substituição ao painel refrigerado P-10 com o objetivo de aumentar a confiabilidade operacional do FEA, reduzir os riscos de acidentes operacionais, aumentar a disponibilidade dos equipamentos nesta posição, reduzir o número de intervenções de manutenção (preventiva e corretiva), reduzir os custos de manutenção (preventiva e corretiva) e consequentemente reduzir o power off do FEA.

Aug 16, 2017

In spite of a global economy that continues to seesaw and a U.S. Congress that is at odds with the president and themselves, cities around the world are still spending billions on their infrastructure. And that bodes well for the underground construction and tunneling industry and the professionals who work in it. In June, 1,405 of those professionals gathered in San Francisco, CA for the Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (RETC). In addition to the first rate technical programming, attendees were able to see first-hand the latest in tunneling technology from 127 exhibitors who occupied 152 booths. Two short courses preceded the conference and two field trips were offered following the conference.

Jan 1, 2011

By Juan C. Ramírez

La deficiencia de un plan de minado a largo plazo en yacimientos mineros de cielo abierto, responde a fluctuaciones inaceptables de la ley del mineral como el minado prematuro de zonas de desmonte, plataformas insuficientes, distribución heterogénea del equipo, entre otros problemas causados por la ausencia de un plan. En este sentido, el plan de corto plazo (seis meses) no asegura el funcionamiento de una mina que oscila normalmente entre 15 o 20 años de vida. Por tal motivo, el presente trabajo señala los parámetros que influyen en el planeamiento de largo plazo en minas a cielo abierto como la de la mina Cuajone, puesto que estos son semejantes y se puede preveer la existencia de problemas de operaciones.

Aug 26, 1988

By Alejandra Díaz Valdiviezo

El presente texto revisa el panorama actual de las rocas y minerales industriales en el Perú a través de los estudios de INGEMMET. Dentro de este estudio, las rocas minerales e industriales son recursos que representan un interesante potencial geológico en la geología peruana, constituyéndose en la principal fuente de materias primas e insumos para el abastecimiento de los principales subsectores económicos. Las rocas y minerales con mayor espectativa de inversión son: las rocas carbonatadas, sílice y arenas silíceas, fosfatos, yeso, rocas ornamentales como travertino, piedra laja, granitos, ente otros. Asímismo, en la actualidad hay varias regiones que no son óptimamente utilizados como las arenas silíceas y calizas en Cajamarca y Amazonas los granitos en Arequipa, travertinos en Puno, entre otros.

Feb 1, 2014

The theme of this paper is the development of-the project feasibility study which includes discussion of the work which is carried out in preparing the project feasibility study, the necessary evaluations and structures that are employed to ensure that not only does the feasibility study itself stand up to scrutiny and is sound, but also that the investment the company is proposing to develop, "the project", is an investment decision which will represent good returns to the company. This theme is particularly relevant when there are competing divisions within the company and only limited cash resources are available to make the correct investment decision. Thus various potential investments may be evaluated against each other to determine which project will be given the go ahead for development. This paper will particularly focus on the various investment analysis techniques that are used and discuss the work that is required in preparing the project feasibility study and specifically the interaction of the project team members and the thought process that must be undertaken to complete the project feasibility study. Finally comments will be made on tax planning issues particularly with respect to taxation of gold production to be introduced in January 1991. Some ideas are presented which may help and possibly improve the financial position of the projects being reviewed. Further, it is suggested that the thought process which goes with the financial engineering aspects of a resource project can be widened to take account of taxation issues and tax planning to ensure the rise of the project feasibility and hence the decision to proceed to development by the project sponsors.

Jan 1, 1990

By L. J. Moore

Introduction Hydrometallurgical solvent extraction (SX) processes – featuring large quantities of combustible or flammable organic solvents - are common in the mining industry for recovering non-ferrous metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt, uranium, tungsten, iodine and lithium. Recent fire loss incidents and the widespread use of sub-grade tank farms and piping trenches, plastic piping, poor drainage, and closely spaced buildings demonstrate opportunities to improve the use of Inherent Safety (IS) in this industry. The mining industry has designed and constructed facilities with an emphasis on personnel safety, production efficiency and cost effectiveness. The use of IS to eliminate or minimize property fire exposures has not seen widespread practice. Lessons learned from the mainstream CPI have not been communicated or applied. As an example, copper SX plants have consistently used design of gravity flow as a cost and production-effective solution for transferring liquids and minerals through the process. In fact, Jergensen1 recommends to “utilize gravity to the fullest extent possible” in design of SX plants. This philosophy has been achieved by laying out SX plants with process equipment at different grade levels so that solutions can flow “downhill”. Because of the use of large quantities of flammable liquids and the potential for these liquids - if released – to flow unimpeded into other areas – gravity SX processes represent severe inherent fire consequences unless costly barriers, drainage and channeling are also provided. It appears that little thought has been given to the fire protection consequences and challenges of this design feature during the evolution of SX plants and most copper SX plants constructed today use some form of a sub-grade processing area (tank farm) and one-way gravity flow. While this layout is used to assure a cost effective operation it has resulted in significant exposures to high value production. The use of sub-grade production units is an inherently unsafe layout where flammable liquids are used and is a layout that would rarely if ever be used today by the mainstream CPI. Gravity-assist layout is only one example where copper SX plants have been designed and constructed without IS in mind. The use of combustible and frangible corrosion-resistant materials – such as glass, wood and plastic - for flammable liquid storage, processing and piping systems has significantly increased the hazards of these facilities. These materials of construction are not rigorous and allow for rapid failure and release of flammable contents during fire exposure. The use of combustible or frangible systems to handle or transport flammable liquids is not a practice seen today in the CPI.

Jan 1, 2006

By W. J. Birch, R. Farnfield, L. Bermingham

Whilst a significant body of research has been carried into air overpressure levels that arise as a result of the use of explosives, few published studies have actually tried to relate the movement of a quarry face to the resulting air overpressure produced. The aim of this preliminary investigation was to monitor a number of quarry blasts at two different limestone quarries. The first using multiple separately initiated deck charges in a multi borehole blast, the second using single column charges in a multi borehole blast.

Jan 1, 2008