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By R. ?. Shishmarjov, Yu. ?. Davidenko, S. V. Bukhalov, ?. S. Baksheev, M. S. Shkirya, N. ?. Aikasheva, D. V. Bogdanovich, ?. Yu. Faustova

"The goal of prospecting operations in the Republic of Altay was to locate gold-sulfide-quartz mineralization. For this purpose we applied the technology of electromagnetic sounding and induced polarization (EMS-IP). These operations resulted in localizing promising sites with presence of sulfidization. The EMS-IP method proved to be highly efficient amongst other prospecting methods targeted at recognizing zones of sulfide mineralization making up 91%, considering that in more than half cases the ore intervals were the case. In the Yakutian diamondiferous province the EMS-IP technology was approbated during three field seasons to accomplish the assignments on searching for kimberlite bodies under conditions of various geological types. As a result, the reference objects were distinguished, and geoelectric parameters of kimberlite pipes of explosion were defined.INTRODUCTION In the time span 2015-2016 in Gorny Altay the EMS-IP technology was approbated in the Novokuznetsk area. The on-land areal geophysical survey was performed by EMS-IP method applied to identify, outline and locate promising sites with Au-Ag-bearing polymetallic mineralization within surveyed areas. Compared to the hosting rocks, the sulfides contained in polymetallic mineralization are typified by low specific electrical resistivity (SER) and high polarization. The areal survey conducted via EMS-IP method provided spatial characteristics of searched object. From July 2016 to August 2017 our expedition group carried out serial test works and laboratory investigations intending to define performance capabilities of EMS-IP technology in searching for kimberlite bodies under conditions of diverse geological types. The prerequisites for serial work were operations accomplished at the «Listvenichny» site lying 35 km away from Mirny town in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), where the EMS-IP technology was probed for locating position and measuring geoelectric parameters of tuff pipe «Buardakhsky». After successful completion of operations it was decided to evaluate geoelectric parameters of kimberlite pipes of explosion."

Jan 1, 2018

By V. A. Luganov

Methods of treatment of pyrite concentrates differ, depending on the content of pyrite and non-ferrous metals: oxidation roasting, sulphatization roasting, smelting, direct hydrometallurgical treatment and so on. Existing technologies do not provide for high recovery of metals, expenses associated with existing technologies are high, and environmental issues, associated with the existing technologies need serious attention. We have developed universal technology of the activating-dissociating autogenous roasting of pyrite concentrates using air based, or air, enriched with oxygen, blow. The basic process is taking place in accordance with the following reaction: (1-x)FeS2 + (1-2x)O2 = Fe1-xS + (1-2x)SO2 +Q The products of this reaction are pyrrhotinized cinder and roasting gases, rich in SO2 (up to 18 % in case of air blow) and poor in SO3, that contain up to 1 % of elemental sulphur. Cinder contains different forms of pyrrhotite. These forms of pyrrhotite differ by its content (from Fe0.843S to Fe0.945S), thermodynamic, magnetic (from 4.10-1 to 3.6 SI units), flotation properties (with pyrite dissociation the ?-potential of the product is moving towards more electrically positive charge, from 0.95 for pyrite to 0.2 for dissociation products) and other properties that depend on the conditions of roasting. The combination of pyrrhotizing roasting with different methods of cinder treatment allows to increase the level of sulphatization of non-ferrous metals during the roasting; reduce the amount of blow used during the processing; reduce dust losses to the gas phase; reduce the capacity of gas cleaning system and increase resistance to corrosion of the gas-treatment system, used for the production of sulfuric acid from pyrites. This combination of treatments also allows to use magnetic separation and flotation for separation of ferrous and non-ferrous metal compounds during cinder treatment; perform de-arsenation of arsenic containing concentrates and by-products. Pyrrhotinized cinder may be treated by oxidizing and non-oxidizing hydrometallurgical methods. Keywords: Pyrite, polymetallic ores, sulphidization roasting, pyrrhotite, magnetic separation, arsenic sulphide

Sep 1, 2012

By S. Castro, L. Uribe

Seawater can be considered as a particular process water with a high concentration of NaCl (about 0.5- 0.6 mole/L) and high concentration of hydrolyzing metal cations (mainly, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions). Micro-flotation tests, induction time measurements, and zeta potential measurements have been used to investigate the effect of these ions on the natural floatability of molybdenite. The results demonstrate that molybdenite is strongly depressed in the alkaline pH range over which hydrolysis products of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions are formed. At pH 10, colloidal magnesium hydroxide seems to be responsible for molybdenite depression in seawater and in Mg2+ solutions. This is also supported by the measurements of the effect of Mg2+ ions on the zeta potential of molybdenite. The mechanism of depression of molybdenite with Ca2+ ions is different, and depression takes place in the pH range were Ca(OH)+ complexes are formed, below the pH of precipitation of calcium hydroxide. Adsorption of the cationic hydroxy species and/or hetero-coagulation of the positive charged colloidal hydroxide on the negative charged molybdenite particles seem to be the main mechanisms involved.

Jan 1, 2014

By Barun Gorain, Aparup Chattopadhyay

"Many double refractory gold deposits are characterized by the dominance of ""invisible gold"" (sub-microscopic gold) as solid solution or as colloidal-sized particles in different sulfides and other phases. These deposits are mainly composed of silicates and carbonates with moderate clay and mica content and with minor amount of sulfides and organic carbonaceous matters. The presence of highly preg-robbing and finely disseminated carbonaceous matter adversely affects gold recovery in leach circuits. Characterization of carbonaceous matters, commonly known as TCM and quantification of gold associated within these carbonaceous matters along with different sulfide and oxide phases is highly complex and challenging. Studies were initiated on various complex ore deposits and also on samples representing various process streams. This paper presents the development of a systematic approach to gold deportment studies using state-of-the-art mineralogy characterization techniques for quantification of invisible and visible metal contents in various species. The relevance of this mineralogy characterization to metallurgy will also be discussed in this paper."

Jan 1, 2014

By C. A. Perez

Estimation of rock composition in mineral plants is important to determine rock size and grindability which in turn may improve control of the grinding process. Variations in ore grindability and size distribution directly affects mills power consumption and throughput. Therefore, it is desirable to develop new tools to estimate rock lithological composition. In this paper, a new method for lithological classification based on machine vision is proposed. The method is based on a single video camera and employs information about texture using several different spatial scales. Texture information is extracted from rock images using Gabor filters that can be adjusted at different spatial scales and orientations. After feature extraction, rock images are classified using support-vector machine (SVM). The method was tested on a database containing sub-images of 64x43 pixels of five ore types as follows: massive sulphide (MS), disseminated sulphide (DS), net textured (NT), gabbro (G), and peridotite (P). These ore types were assigned to three grindability classes: soft (MS), medium (DS and NT) and hard (G and P). The database was divided in 2 subsets for training, cross validation, and for test. Classification accuracy is compared with previously published results on a dataset with three different classes of rocks according to their hardness. Results show that our proposed method reached significant improvements (between 13%-20%) in classification accuracy relative to previously published results. Keywords: rock classification, lithological classification, grindability estimation, Gabor feature extraction, texture features

Sep 1, 2012

By Xiaoxu Sun, Jianchao Yao, Jiancheng He, Shijie Lu, Hongxi Zhou

"With the trend of increasingly more mineral resources turning low-grade and refractory, more and more new ore bodies being developed worldwide are more finely grained, which drives the rapidly development and application of techniques related to tower mills (vertical spiral stirred mills). However, the lacking in fundamentals of fine grinding, as well as standard procedures for equipment selection and scale up, seriously restraint high efficient application of tower mills. Taking grinding media motion characteristic and grinding intensity as a breakthrough point, this paper studies mechanisms behind how critical parameters affect grinding efficiency of tower mill, including ratio of screw pitch and diameter, agitator rotation speed, grinding media size. Several sets of orthogonal test are conducted on the quartz ore using the grinding system of KLM-3 tower mill. All the tests are under the same character of feeding mineral and undergo the consistent sampling for at least 60min grinding time. The input power is measured by a torque measurement system and the grinding products are analyzed by the laser particle size analyzer. The test results show the influence of parameters on grinding efficiency. Among the three important parameters, the effect of grinding media diameter is the biggest, followed by the agitator tip speed, and finally the ratio of screw pitch and diameter. For the different particle size of grinding products, the best combination of grinding parameters is different, with the mineral size becoming finer, the ratio of screw pitch and diameter become smaller, the diameter of grinding media become smaller, while the agitator tip speed does not change too much. The conclusions of the study help us to improve the grinding efficiency of the tower mill, to assist in the selection and optimization of working parameters, establish new scale up method on the basis of grinding model and eventually provide theoretical basis of rational selections of structural and media physical parameters within tower mill."

Jan 1, 2018

By D. Johann, E. Zanetti, I. A. S. Brum, P. M. Zancan, A. F. Castro

"This study was done from a sample of coal mined at the Vale-Mozambique mine, located in Moatize district, Tete Province. The aim of this work is to analyze the reagent system in the flotation of coal fines belonging to the Upper Chipanga layer (UC). Among coal processing methods, flotation stands out as one of the most important for the concentration of this material, in particular in the treatment of fine particles. The total feed of the Vale-Mozambique processing plant is 8,000 tph of coal, where 10% of this feed corresponds to the fine fraction that feeds the flotation circuit. The material used in this study had a particle size of 96% smaller than 0.25 mm. The reagents used in the flotation tests were betacol and diesel oil as hydrophobizing agents and MIBC as frother. The range of betacol concentrations in the first test phase was 200 g/t to 500 g/t, and in the second phase 200g /t to 500g /t while diesel oil and MIBC were kept constant at 300 g/t. The immediate analysis followed the Brazilian standards NBR 8289, NBR 8293, NBR 8290; and NBR 8299. The results showed that it is possible, from a feed with ash content around 22.84%, to obtain products with levels below of 10% ash, with a mass recovery around 50%. The recovery of carbonaceous matter was also evaluated and presented positive results. Complementing this study, the effect of H2O recovery was evaluated and it was observed that for the concentrations of betacol the recoveries ranged from 6 to 9%, and for diesel oil plus MIBC were 4 to 7%.INTRODUCTION Considering the increase in population and energy consumption as humanity has been living along the last decades and the consequent demand for non-renewable natural resources, it is clear the challenge of the mineral industry in the search for new technologies and improvement of the existing ones. This challenge is justified by the need for better industrial results and to meet the market specifications, taking into account the reduction of deposits with higher contents and the need for beneficiation of more complex ores, lower levels and lower release granulometry. Usually in these situations, processes already well-established as the gravimetric (Sampaio and Tavares, 2005) have not good results."

Jan 1, 2018

By D. Renda

With thise Process of obtaining a solid fuel which is both ecological clean and has a high calorific value by a two-stage method of enriching preferably type lignitic coals to remove a high content of all sulphurs, incuding organic sulphur, which method comprises converting the coal to a semi-coke from followed by magnetic separation. In the Experiments given the best results the washed lignite coal in the West-Turkey, Tavsanli- Region, size -3.35 mm on dry basis. In the microscopic studies of the brigh-thin cross-section taken from the samples of sulfur min-erals pyrite in the dimension of 2~50 micrometers and melnicovite 10 micrometers particles. An thermal treatment an semi-coking themperature between 370°C to 650°C give the best Result of 480 °C. The oxidation and decomposition of sulphur minerals pyrite and melnicovite in lignite coal proceed the iron oxides Fe2O3 and pyrrhotite FeS on the surface layer. The Magnetic Seperator (Rare Earth Magnetic Separator, REMS) is capable this two form of sulphur, including organic and inorganic sulphur, in semi-coke and resulted in the magnetic-fraction in REMS. The non-magnetic-fraction remove total sulphur by 68 %, ash by 44 % and increase the upper calorific value in 15 %. The clean lignitic coal can be utilized in human or energy power stations.

Jan 1, 2014

By Robin J. Batterham

The Bologna Process started in 1999 with a declaration signed by ministers from most European countries. As of 2012, the Bologna Process now has 47 participating countries (EHEA 2012). Overall, the Bologna process has demonstrably changed higher education in many countries to allow for considerably more flexibility in course offerings. Keywords: bologna model, education

Sep 1, 2012

By J. Jirestig

Poor grade iron ore, suffering from interlocked particles, is challenging for any process technology. Extensive grinding is required to attain liberation and to yield concentrates of desired grade. Fine particles are commonly very difficult to retrieve, resulting in value losses to tailings. In this paper, results from HGMS tests on fine to ultra fine hematite are reported. Special emphasis is put on slurry flow velocity. If hydrodynamic drag force, i.e. flow velocity is not controlled and kept constant during the feed and/or rinse phase, fine particles will not be captured and retained. Flow velocity control and constant flow during separation are achieved by discharge valves/slots and parallel magnetic flux and pulp flow configuration. In tests, increased slurry velocity from 178 to 268mm/s caused Fe-recovery to drop from 78 to 48%. Proving that flow velocity control is essential to optimise grade and recovery. HGMS tests at the Metso mineral laboratory on natural (weathered) hematite fines clearly show a large potential to recover valuables, currently lost to tailings. Even at particle size distributions as low as D80=35µm concentrate grades and recovery are very satisfying. Two samples, in-plant desliming rejects (D80=35µm and 50µm) where significantly upgraded and recovered, from 45,3% to 63,6% and 53,0% to 63,4% Fe, at 73,8% and 81,1% Fe-recovery respectively. Other types of in plant rejects, such as gravity separation or WHIMS tailings, also benefits from HGMS separation. Gravity separation reject, 55,8% Fe, at D80=500µm was tested, yielding a magnetic concentrate of 60,8% Fe at 50,7% Fe-recovery. The results indicated that the hematite was poorly liberated. HGMS separation was repeated after a regrind to D80 150µm, resulting in a magnetic concentrate of 62,8% Fe at 75,9% Fe-recovery. The tests prove that hematite, presently lost to tailings streams, can be recovered by HGMS and thereby significantly contribute to improved overall economy. Keywords: HGMS, magnetic separation, recovery of ultra-fine hematite, Indian hematite ores, hematite recovery from tailings

Sep 1, 2012

By Yosep Han

Mechanically-induced chemical reactions between natural beach ilmenite (FeTiO3) and silicon (Si) have been examined by a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analyses. The effect of various milling time on the phase transformation, crystallite size, and lattice strain of a beach sand ilmenite with silicon, and on their leaching behavior in hydrochloric acid (HCl) has been investigated. For mechanically activated FeTiO3, the crystallite size decreased and lattice strain increased monotonically with time of milling. However, the mechanochemically synthesized ilmenite with silicon showed a relatively smaller crystallite size and greater lattice strain compared with the mechanically activated ilmenite under the same milling condition. In accordance with the elapse of milling time, the intensity of both pure FeTiO3 and mechanically activated FeTiO3 gradually decreased. However, in case of the mechanochemically synthesized ilmenitereduction of FeTiO3 by silicon resulted in formation of rutile TiO2 at the milling time of 20 h and afterwards. Additional leaching experiments were carried out at an HCl/ilmenite (wt%) ratio of 20:1. The concentration of HCl was 3 M and the reaction temperature ranged from 70 to 90 oC. Mechanical activation was observed to significantly enhance the dissolution rates of both iron (Fe) and titanium (Ti) in HCl. Particularly, effects of both milling time and silicon addition on the dissolution rates of titanium and iron were significant, while those of temperature were relatively minor under the conditions investigated in this study. Keywords: mechanochemical treatment, natural beach ilmenite, silicon, leaching behavior

Sep 1, 2012

By F. K. Ikumapayi

An approach to environmental sustainability and improved process economy, in sulphide minerals production is recycling of process water in flotation of complex sulphide ores, although the chemistry of process water may be a critical issue to flotation efficiency. The influence of major components of calcium and sulphate ions in process water on xanthate collector adsorption and flotation response using pure chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite minerals were investigated by Hallimond flotation, zeta-potential measurement, FTIR and XPS spectroscopy studies, while bench scale flotation tests were also carried out using complex sulphide ores. The impact of the species in flotation was comprehended using deionised water, tap water, process water and simulated water containing equivalent amount of calcium and sulphate species in process water. Hallimond flotation results showed a decrease of chalcopyrite and galena recovery in process water and also in the presence of calcium and sulphate ions in both deionised and process waters, whereas sphalerite does not respond to flotation. The adsorption of calcium and metal ions but not sulphate ions on the minerals is evidenced by zeta-potential data. FTIR and XPS studies revealed the presence of surface oxidized sulfoxy species and surface calcium carbonates on chalcopyrite in the presence of process water and water containing calcium ions, surface oxidized sulfoxy and carbonate species on galena in the presence of deionised water, process water and water containing calcium and sulphate ions, all at flotation pH 10.5, and these surface species influenced xanthate adsorption. The presence of surface oxidized sulfoxy and carbonate species at the sphalerite flotation pH 11.5 were seen in the presence of deionised water, process water and water containing calcium and sulphate ions, but the surface species does not influence xanthate adsorption. Bench scale flotation using two different complex sulphide ores showed that chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite recoveries are better in process water than tap water. The studies showed that the process water can be recycled in flotation with no detrimental effect on grade and recovery of sulphide minerals. Keywords: sulphide minerals, flotation, zeta-potential, FTIR, XPS

Sep 1, 2012

By Peter M. Solozhenkin

Considering the main idea of the paper, namely that the interaction energy of reagents serves as a criterion used for their selection, as well as due to their insufficient study, the authors have therefore considered studying the aspects of computer modelling and molecular dynamics of largely used collectors for the flotation of nonferrous and precious metal ores. Three-dimensional molecular models for sulphydric reagents have been created, studying as well the distribution of the partial charges on their atoms. It has been shown that the value of the partial charge on the phosphorus atom in diethyldithiophosphinate and diethylmonothiophosphinate is high positive. The value of the partial charge of the sulphur atom is negative, strengthening its bond with the metal cations from the mineral surface. The molecular orbitals for the sulphydric reagents have been created determining as well the energy of their level. The computer modelling key parameters have therefore been defined. The new reagents have been tested for gold, copper and rhenium ore flotation. Gold recovery has increased with 4.2 - 4.7 %, copper recovery with 3.3 % and rhenium recovery with 15.5 %. A number of new flotation reagents have been recommended, such as: diethyldithiophosphate, (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OC(S)SNa, (C4H9NH)2P (S)SNa and also (C2H5)2P(S)ONa and (C2H5)2 P(O)S Na. Keywords: flotation, molecular modeling, design, orbital?s

Sep 1, 2012

By O. Guven, I. Karaagaçlioglu, O. Ozdemir, M. Çelik

In this study, the effect of morphological properties such as shape factors and roughness of the glass beads on their flotation efficiency were determined using image analysis and profilometer methods. There is a considerable correlation between the shape factors, surface roughness and flotation behavior of the glass sample. These results indicate that as the particle shape is away from roundness and smoothness, it acquires more hydrophobicity.

Jan 1, 2014

Calcium carbonate has three polymorphs: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Needlelike aragonite CaCO3 with a high ratio of length to diameter (aspect ratio) is widely used in plastics, rubber and ceramics as a filler and in pigments and paints as a carrier. This paper investigated the influence of H3PO4 dosage, reaction temperature, CO2 flow rate, and initial Ca(OH)2 concentration on formation of needlelike aragonite CaCO3. It was found that the presence of H3PO4 in Ca(OH)2 suspension resulted in rapid formation of (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) crystal nuclei, which facilitated nucleation and growth of aragonite CaCO3 on the formed (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) crystal surfaces. The results revealed that H3PO4 addition of P/Ca of 0. 2~0. 3, high temperature of 75~85 °C, low CO2 flow rate and initial Ca(OH)2 solid concentration of 1. 5 %~5. 6 % are beneficial to formation of aragonite. Well crystallized needlelike aragonite CaCO3 whiskers with length > 20 µm and aspect ratio > 15 were directly synthesized.

Jan 1, 2014

By F. M. Isik

Due to not to being our own sources, some energy sources such as oil and natural gas which are used frequently, are not reliable energy sources for our country. Coal is an important energy source that Turkey also has a certain reserve as many countries have. To be able to use for many years the reserves of this source that comes from fossils, there is a great need to make more investigation and development activities on it. On behalf of using more productively the current sources, briquetting facility is represented that commenced production in The Aegean Lignite Establishment in 2005 which is in Manisa, Soma. This facility is a part of General Directorate of Turkish Coal. This facility is run by Soma Coal Establishment that works in return for royalty in a licensed field that belongs to TKI. As the demand of market for 0.5 mm dust coal diminishes, we had to accumulate and stock unmerchantable dust coal. Besides, we have intermixed 0.5- 1 mm powder coal and 0.1 ? 0.5 mm fine powder coal obtained as a result of washing in coal washer with thermic coal with low price as we could not find a client in the market. In this study, the production stages of briquette coal with high quality produced as a result of pressing by mixing 0.5- 1 mm powder coal and 0.1 ? 0.5 mm fine powder coal with molasse and lime, quality control, and data?s obtained about calories and solidity of products were presented. By briquetting of 0.5- 1 mm powder coal and 0.1 ? 0.5 mm fine powder coal washed in coal washer, it became possible to sell these coals on a high unit price and by providing the demand of coal of the market, we contributed to productivity of our firm. Keywords: briquette coal, briquetting, producing stage

Sep 1, 2012

By Tamal K. Ghosh

In this study, the QEMSCAN technology is used to acquire quantitative modal, textural, mineral association and liberation data on different products generated from with or without washing, fractionation by size and density using screens and heavy liquids/panning, which has provided significant information on the quality and beneficiability of four categories of low Grade iron ores from Jharkhand-Orissa region. The deposit of low Grade iron ore has been categorized into four categories viz. Grade-I with <45% Fe(t) a) containing shale rich type and b) BHJ rich type; Grade-II with 45-55% Fe(t) and Grade-III with >55% Fe(t) containing conventional flaky, hard, kanga, lateritic, shale and BHJ litho/ore types in varied proportions. Mineralogy is similar across all samples being hematite, martite, goethite, kaolinite and gibbsite. Banded Hematite Jasper has difficult liberation characteristics due to highly compact banded mode of silica mineral occurrence with hematite. In all categories, the grade dilution is by the presence of 1) ?Discrete gangue rich litho types? at lump size and 2) ?Within ore types?. The second type of grade dilution contains coating of gangue phases around the iron ore minerals and different degree of locking of gangue phases within iron ore minerals. Further characterization and beneficiation assessment details are discussed in this paper.

Sep 1, 2012

By Z. M. Wang

A large scale a polymetallic mine in north China is a refractory ore containing many useful com-ponents: W, Mo, Cu and Fe. Mineralogical investigation shows that the deposit is a quite complex one due to fine disseminated size and unevenly distribution of valuable, intergroth of sulphide and tungsten minerals, concurrence of scheelite and calcium minerals. Based on ore characteristic, a flowsheet is used by the floatation processing of sulfide minerals superior to scheelite. Bulk sulphide flotation is used in sulphides. Mo and Cu are floated in sequence after sulphides regrinded. Tungsten mineral is floated using combined depressant that is an effective depressant to gangue, and can improve the grade of rough tungsten concentrate. Compound depressant has high effective in removal of collector in gangue and sulphide, and tungsten is activated also. High quality of tungsten concentrate is obtained at satisfactory recovery. The test production obtains Mo concentrate with grade of 48.16%, recovery of 81.43%; W concentrate with grade of 66.47%, recovery of 78.19%; Cu concentrate with grade of 23.14%, recovery of 56.6%; Fe concentrate with grade of 67.33%. The valuable metals are recovered comprehensively and well techno-economic index is obtained. The mine enterprise profit is increased greatly.

Jan 1, 2014

By S. Kelebek, A. Khan, J. Caceres, Beckett. D.

"Pyrrhotite in nickel-copper sulphide ores is nickeliferrous and intimately associated with pentlandite. Due to its low nickel content, pyrrhotite rejection is an important step in processing of these ores. In our laboratory, various reagents were investigated for their effect on pyrrhotite depression. Among these, a combined use of triethylenetetramine and sodium metabisulphite was found highly promising.The work described in this paper has two parts. The firs part is a summary of results obtained on process samples from the pyrrhotite rejection circuit at Falconbridge’s Strathcona Mill. The second part involves simulation of the circuit performance based on the reagent conditions used in the experimental work and the concept of split factors.Two sets of reagent conditions were evaluated. The first one involved baseline conditions, simulating the current reagent performance. The second one simulated the impact these new reagents can have on the circuit performance.The simulation results obtained under baseline conditions indicated a good agreement with the current circuit performance. The simulation results suggest that at practically the same pentlandite recovery and tailing grades, the circuit concentrate nickel grade can be doubled through effective pyrrhotite rejection by these new reagents."

Jan 1, 2003

By Mingfei He, Xianyang Qiu, Hongling Wang, Yude Gao, Qingbo Meng, Xiaoping Xu, Hao Bu, Guosheng Wang

"By the “HGMS-gravity separation-Flotation” combined technology, a Ta-Nb-Sn concentrates with the grades of Ta2O5 10.00%, Nb2O5 9.13% and Sn 42.62% at the recovery of 44.73% , 9.13% and 14.62% respectively , a Li concentrate with Li2O 3.11% at the recovery of 51.83% and a feldspar product are obtained. All the value elements are recovered. INTRODUCTION Tantalum and niobium widely used in electronics, atomic energy, aerospace and chemical industries with the advantages of high melting point, good ductility, low vapor pressure, strong corrosion resistance and high thermal conductivity are important strategic resources which occupy a special position in rare metals (Crockettand, 1993; GAO and Zou, 2004; LI and HUANG, 2012). China's tantalum and niobium resources are poor, and most of them are low grade, fine grain size, complex composition, and polymetallic associated with refractory mineral resources (GAO and Qiu,2013; Liang and Li, 2016). The Yifeng Lion Ore containing lithium and other rare metals (tantalum, niobium and tin) is an important lithium polymetallic deposit in China Jangxi province. While extensive previous studies have settled on the recovery of lithium minerals by flotation only for the extremely low grade of Ta, Nb and Sn. The regular gravity concentration is used, and the recovery of tantalum niobium is low. This paper sets out to investigate a combined flowsheet of “high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS),-gravity separation-flotation” to effectively comprehensively recover the Li, Ta, Nb, Sn and the feldspar resources in the Yifeng Lion Ore.ORE PROPERTIES Chemical analysis The run of mine comes from Jiangxi Yifeng Lion ore. The main elements of the ore chemical analysis results shows in Table 1. From Table 1, the grades of lithium and rubidium are relatively high, but the grades of tantalum and niobium are lower than the industrial grade; feldspar with high content of potassium and sodium and low content of iron can be used as high-quality ceramic raw materials."

Jan 1, 2018