Search Documents

The development of a noise attenuated compressed air driven fan is described. The fan, which employs the jet reaction principle, possesses blade extension pieces which penetrate into an acoustically treated annular chamber. The dominant noise source, namely the air jets, is thereby partially suppressed. In addition, the increased moment arm of the jets leads to an improved propulsion effect which contributes to the improved aerodynamic performance of the unit.A typical measure of the improvement of this type of auxiliary mine ventilation unit is a 4 per cent increase in efficiency and a 10 dB (A) drop in sound level for a fan duty of 0·5 kPa and 1600 litre/s. This degree ofattenuation corresponds to at least halving the loudness level, a subjective noise measure.

Jan 1, 1973

By C. Villachica

El presente texto refiere la aplicación del carbón activo como reactivo en las soluciones de los procesos de concentración por flotación minera. La justificación de su uso es porque la mayor selectividad del proceso incrementa significativamente las utilidades de la compañía minera. Asimismo, otros usos del carbón activo en estudio, se extienden a la absorción de iones perjudiciales a la flotación, mejoramiento de la flotación bulk, recuperación de espumante y colector, recuperación de finos, mejoramiento de la sedimentación de los concentrados y la recuperación de la plata y oro de los efluentes de la fundición y relaves.

Oct 14, 1980

By M. S. Cetiner

This report describes the prototype development If a medium to high voltage coupler, suitable for underground coal mining operations. The coupler has such unique features as automatic dust covers and continuous phase pin shielding. The coupler is rated at 7500V and 250A continuous operation.

Jan 1, 1982

By Elard René Miranda Mecola

"El presente texto busca determinar un esquema extractivo para tratar minerales de ciertas características que permitan recuperar el cobre y el oro presente para el proyecto minero Romerillo ubicado en el distrito de Bella Unión, provincia de Caravelí, departamento de Arequipa. La estrategia de la investigación es tratar de separar extractivamente el cobre del oro, por lo que se efectúan pruebas de flotación para las especies de cobre sin encontrar éxito. Así se utiliza la alternativa de lixiviación ácida de cobre y posterior cianuración del oro contenido en el relave."

Dec 1, 2016

By J. N. Van der Merwe

In the process of pillar extraction, pillars are seldom if ever extracted completely. The pillar remnants, or snooks, play an important role in the extraction process. At the working face, they need to be stable to provide a measure of support in the immediate area. Further back, they have to fail in a controlled manner to prevent undue load build-up on the pillars that have not yet been extracted. The stability condition at the working area is the result of interaction between the stability of the pillar and that of the roof rock. It is shown that the primary mode of roof layer failure is by bending induced tension. Direct tension can be excluded in most practical conditions, and only in exceptional cases will the first failure be in shear mode. Panel spans required to cause the first goaf to be formed, predicted using analytical considerations, are of the same order as has been observed in practice. Once the first goaf has formed, the horizontal stress is reduced and failure will occur at more frequent intervals. It is shown that bending induced tension is the most likely mode of failure in an unjointed roof layer. In roof layers with a high frequency of weak or uncemented jointing, failure can be expected to occur at spans equal to the joint spacing. In this context, failure will occur at the smallest of the spans required to induce tensile roof failure and the joint spacing. A fundamental procedure to evaluate the likely roof layer failure in a stacked beam system is developed. This can to be used to estimate the loading condition on snooks. It is shown that snooks assist in stabilizing the immediate roof beam. The sizes and positions of the snooks relative to the position of the next pillar to be stooped, control the magnitude of the contribution to stability. The further the snook is from the next pillar, and the larger it is, the greater the contribution to the stability of the immediate roof. Under the condition of loading by the immediate, continuous roof beam, the position and size of a single snook controls the load acting on it. The closer it is to the nearest solid, provided that the roof overhang extends beyond the snook, the greater the load on it. However, once the immediate roof beam fails, the loading conditions change. The snook is then loaded by the tributary area load. A procedure is developed to assess the condition of snooks for different situations. Using the fundamental considerations developed in this paper, snooks can be designed to be stable during the active mining phase in their immediate vicinity, but to fail once the next line of pillars has been extracted.

Jan 1, 2005

By Alexandre Aparecida Morais

No Lingotamento Contínuo de Planos (placas de aço) o número de corridas realizadas em um único distribuidor é um indicador de performance operacional de enorme relevância para a sustentabilidade do processo. Ligados ao desempenho deste indicador estão os resultados de índices como produtividade, redução de custos, segurança e qualidade. Buscando melhorar este indicador a ArcelorMittal Aços Planos América do Sul – Unidade Tubarão iniciou no final de 2012 um projeto multisetorial subdividido em vários subprojetos satélites para aumentar o número de corridas em um único distribuidor visando obter ganhos nos índices técnicos descritos anteriormente. A proposta de meta oriunda deste projeto visava aumentar em no mínimo 70% os valores médios de corridas em um único distribuidor no Lingotamento Contínuo de Placas, o que representaria ganhos superiores a 1,2 milhões de dólares por ano. Neste trabalho é apresentada a metodologia definida para o projeto com suas respectivas etapas, o resumo de alguns subprojetos de sustentação e os resultados que já foram atingidos.

Aug 16, 2017

By Karin Batallanos, Antonio Bravo, Ely Loayza, Rafael Carpio

Este documento técnico ha sido desarrollado a partir de una perspectiva empresarial orientada hacia la optimización de los recursos y activos con el objetivo de aumentar la rentabilidad del negocio. Para lograr este propósito fue crucial la apertura y sinergia entre todo el equipo involucrado ya que su interacción conjunta desempeña un papel crucial en la consecución de nuestros objetivos.

Sep 29, 2023

By A. C. Fieldner

The annual reports of the research and technologic investigations conducted by the Bureau of Mines on the occurrence, properties, mining preparation, and uses of coal, of which the present report is the seventh,4/ are intended to be brief summaries of progress. They are guides to the current work and publications of the Bureau but do not replace the more complete reports published by individuals and groups of workers on specific problems. The annual reports present the results of tests, often in advance of publication in other forms, but original contributions in research are reserved for initial publication by their authors. A survey of the accomplishments of the Bureau in research and technologic work on coal during the 5 year period 1935-40 has been made available in the form of a bibliography.5/ This supplements a similar bibliography on this subject that covers the first 25 years of the Bureau, 1910-35.6/

Jan 1, 1943

By R. G. Gürtunca, J. A. Breslin

This paper briefly describes the progress in mine safety in the United States, with emphasis on recent events that have followed since the explosion at the Sago Mine in January 2006. Legislation following the mine accidents last year and areas of work carried out by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) related to the accidents are discussed. American coal production in 2006 was 1,150 million short tons. Most of this coal is consumed domestically, with annual exports of coal about 50 million tons. One third of annual production is produced at surface mines and the rest from underground. This coal is produced by about 82,000 miners working at 1,400 coal mines. Major improvements in coal mine safety have been made in the US since the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977. The fatal injury rate in underground coal mines between 1977 and 2004 was reduced by 47.8% to 0.036. The annual number of fatalities dropped from 112 to 14 during that period. Likewise, the non-fatal days-lost injury rate was reduced by 42.6% from 10.87 to 6.24. The improvements in mine safety during this period can be seen in the graph of underground coal mine explosion fatalities and injuries from 1980 to present, which is shown in Figure 1. Between 1984 and 1993 (9 year period) there were 5 explosions and one major mine fire, for a total of 55 fatalities. Over the seven year period from 1993 to 1999 there were no fatalities from coal mine fires and explosions. However, in the six years since 2000 there have been 5 explosions and one fire, which have caused 37 fatalities. [ ]

By Ronald Utley

El presente texto señala el desarrollo en el diseño y fabricación del equipo de trituración y molienda. Para ello, se revisa el tipo de requisito para engranaje, la producción mejorada y reducción de paralización del trabajo, los molinos de zapata corrediza, chancadoras giratorias móviles en fosa, las características de diseño para bancadoras móviles de tipo primaria y giratoria en pozo y el sistema diseñado para el uso de machacadoras giratorias móviles en fosa.

Mar 1, 1980

By W. J. Kroll

The production of beryllium metal and its alloys is one of the most difficult tasks in metallurgy. In this report we shall examine the progress made in this work- in the last 15 years; taking into account the outstanding publications, including; those of the patent literature, and the information obtained during our 20 years? experience with this metal. The difficulties experienced' in producing elementary beryllium derive from the physical nature as well as from the chemical behavior of the metal and its compounds. Its oxygen affinity is about the same as that of calcium and a little higher than that of magnesium. Its chlorine affinity is much lower than that of magnesium, about equal that, of manganese, and little higher than that of aluminum. The sulfur and nitrogen affinity is probably almost the same as that of calcium for these elements, and beryllium carbide is probably more stable than aluminum carbide, A14C3. The intermetallic affinity of beryllium may be given in descending order, as follows: Nickel - copper - iron. It forms eutectics with -aluminum and silicon as well as with silver. It does not alloy with magnesium and only partly with calcium. Its oxide melts at 2,570° C., but CaO and BaO form readily fusible eutectics with BeO(65).3/ No igneous solvents are known for BeO, which behaves id this regard like Mgo. The beryllium silicate is a strong compound, the aluminete much less so; however, CaO easily displaces Be in the heated mixtures. The Anhydrous chloride hydrolyzes, and it cannot be made from aqueous liquors. It sublimes at 488° C, and melts at 405° C., The fluoride, which, is very Soluble in water, hydrolyzes also, but a kind of oxyfluoride of the approximate formula 2 BeO?5 BeF2 can be made from solutions by dessication. The fluoride melts at 800° C, and boils above 1,100° C. It forms very stable double fluorides with alkalifluorides, which have very low melting points and are fairly soluble in water. They are more stable than the analogous fluosilicates and the sodium fluoaluminate cryolite.

Jan 1, 1945

By Ernesto Zelaya P

En el Perú, muchas de las empresas mineras se desarrollaron por la configuración de sus yacimientos explotados. Sin embargo, también se generaron limitaciones y restricciones en el transporte, extracción de mineral y/o desmonte dentro de las operaciones mineras. En este sentido, el presente texto señala una forma de inversión a través de un sistema de izaje, donde se realice un costo menos y una mayor productividad en la Unidad Minera Animón – EACH S. A. C. (Pique Jacob Timmers) y en la Unidad Minera Andaychagua – U. P. Yauli (Pique Roberto Letts) que son partes integrantes de las operaciones mineras de Volcan Compañía Minera S. A. A

Sep 12, 2011

By Gary R. Gavan

This report presents the results of a research project that gathered detailed information on the composition of the population of mobile equipment used in U.S. coal mines. A computerized data bank containing over 19,000 pieces of coal mine equipment in use in 1976 was prepared with a data retrieval program. Operator protective structure technology is reviewed; field problems experienced with ROPS are discussed.

Jan 1, 1978

By Leslie F. Ruppert

The US Geological Survey (USGS) is currently conducting a coal resource assessment of the coalbeds and zones that are projected to provide the bulk of the nation’s resources for the next few decades. The Pittsburgh and Upper Freeport coals are the first two beds in the northern and central Appalachian basin region to undergo fully digital coal assessments. The bed-specific assessments are being carried out in partnership with the state geologic surveys of West Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Maryland. Comprehensive stratigraphic and geochemical databases have been developed for both of the beds. The extent of the bed with mined areas, structure contour, isopach, and overburden thickness maps for the Pittsburgh coal bed have been released as USGS open-file reports.

Jan 1, 1999

By Fidelis T. Suorineni

Rockbursts are a major hazard in deep hard rock underground mining and tunneling. To date a significant number of rockbursts still defy conventional explanations. A review of rockburst case histories in the literature has shown that pillars and tabular excavations under shear loading are prone to rockbursting in situations where they are least expected under conventional knowledge of rockburst causes. Despite the evidence of the effects of shear loading on underground infrastructure, and the frequency of their occurrence, little is known about how this loading mechanism causes such large magnitude events and extensive damage. In this paper analytical and numerical modeling are used to understand the behaviour of pillars and tabular excavations under shear loading. The numerical modelling results show that pillars under shear loading are less confined than their equivalents in loaded in pure compression in the same geologic environment, and are therefore more brittle and weak. For tabular excavations under shear loading, the behaviour depends on whether such excavations are continuous, co-planar or offset with rock bridges. Analytical results based on slit theory show releasable potential energy in tabular excavations increases nonlinearly with excavation half-span. The study results are important for the safe and economic extraction of orebodies under shear loading.

May 1, 2011

Advances in Optical Image Analysis and Textural Classification of Iron Ore Fines

Sep 13, 2010

By Viviane de Melo Borges

O presente trabalho avaliou as influências da adição de boro nas características mecânicas e micro estruturais do fio máquina e arame trefilado. O estudo foi realizado por meio de análises no aço 10B45 com variações na adição de boro. Foi verificado que a adição de boro reduz a resistência do material. O boro reduz os efeitos do envelhecimento pois associa-se ao nitrogênio formando o nitreto de boro alocado no contorno de grão. Quanto maior a adição de boro menor resistência à trefilação, o que pôde ser comprovado pelo ensaio de torção. Através das micrografias de fio máquina foi possível evidenciar que o boro também atua como refinador de grão e inibe o crescimento do mesmo. Por fim, foi possível avaliar o modo de fratura relacionado com a quantidade de boro adicionada. Neste ponto não foi possível atribuir maior ductilidade à amostra com maior teor de boro.

Oct 30, 2017

By L. D. Schmidt, W. C. Schroeder, A. C. Fieldner

"INTRODUCTION The highly mechanized character of modern warfare makes steel the most vital raw material. The shortage of steel scrap in the United States is forcing the use of increased quantities of pig iron in steel manufacture, so that the rate of pig-iron output will continue to be the controlling factor in steel production. 5/ At the same time, the construction of new blast furnaces is limited both by time and the amount of strategic material available. Under such circumstances, every effort must be made to attain and then maintain maximum pig-iron output from the equipment now in use.When forcing a blast furnace to the ultimate in production the highest standards for quality and uniformity of the coke must be maintained. In view of these facts, the Bureau of Mines, in cooperation with the Office of the Solid Fuels Coordinator for War, is surveying the coke industry to study the various steps in producing coke of higher quality and greater uniformity. 6/ The engineers conducting the survey are visiting key men in coke-oven and blast-furnace organizations to determine, first, the major and most common problems in coke production and use; and, second, the best and quickest method for solving them. Various operators have made good progress in solving individual problems, and a Nation-wide exchange of information among them will make possible widespread adoption of the best practices. It is the purpose, of the survey and reports such as this preliminary one to facilitate such exchange of information. As an outgrowth of the survey, it was soon revealed that many operators could be helped by cooperation with various Government agencies, particularly to procure suitable coals, minor additions to equipment facilities, and tests on certain properties of coal or coke, or specific advice concerning the operation of various types of equipment. The machinery and organization necessary for securing this cooperation have been set up as a part of this work."

May 1, 1943

By Ivan Salinas

Un estudio de Microsoft Office 2003 señaló que las personas claves en la toma de decisiones no están debidamente informadas -en tanto la información que necesitan se halla en una base datos de otra organización. En ese sentido, el presente texto plantea el uso del Infopath como herramienta del paquete Microsoft Office 2003 que facilita la información al trabajador, permitiéndole hacer uso de los servicios Web desde sus desktops que accesan a la información de la empresa, de forma que ayuda a las organizaciones a capturar más conocimiento y tomar decisiones adecuadas a futuro

Sep 19, 2006

By Charles T. Baroch

RESEARCH strengthened the position of cesium as the preferred material (commonly but erroneously called "fuel") for ionic propulsion engines. Its use as an element of the plasma thermocouple for generating electricity also seemed more likely. Domestic Production.-No domestic ore of cesium and rubidium was produced. San Antonio Chemicals, Inc., San Antonio, Tex., and Maywood Chemical Works, Maywood, N.J., continued to produce cesium and rubidium compounds including carbonate, chromate, hydroxide, nitrate, sulfate, and all four halides. Rocky Mountain Research, Inc., Denver, Colo., began producing various cesium and rubidium salts. American Potash & Chemical Corp., Los Angeles, Calif., offered cesium and rubidium for sale.

Jan 1, 1960