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This evening I would like to speak about men for the mineral industry.It is trite to say that the mining industry is expanding rapidly and that technically trained men are in short supply. How short is difficult to assess and impossible to quantify.The industry has been traditionally managed by technically trained men experienced in the ways of their fellow men. Let us start with the assumption that men with this training and experience are essential to management of mining and metallurgical enterprises.I suggest that we do this as it avoids argument with those who are beginning to suggest that such men are not so important as they used to be; who are suggesting that the latest sophisticated business management schools can produce managers who can straight out of school join the upper echelons of an organization and successfully manage it by the use of modern systems and techniques without the need to rub shoulders with men of all callings and get their hands dirty in the process.This kind of thinking brings to mind the modern cargo ship which is equipped with all the latest gadgets of science. It can find its way from Sydney to Auckland with no one in the engine room and the man on the bridge spending most of his time writing to his wife or reading the latest novel.How often do we read of this ship being tied up in Sydney because the crew sympathizes with the cook who has been slighted by some uncomplimentary remark about his toheroa soup? Here is a pieceof sophisticated machinery stopped through no technical fault, but held up by the whim of man. The understanding of man by man can spell the success or failure of any endeavour. A single man can leadan organization to the pinnacles of success, or doom it to utter failure in spite of modern systems and techniques.So let us start from the point that people matter.Through the years our Institute has been fortunate in having many members who have felt strongly...

Jan 1, 1970

Rock engineering has now been practised as a discipline for about50 years, and many sophisticated methods of analysis for use in rock engineering design have been developed. However, analysis is only a tool for use in engineering design, and rock masses are often so complex that realistic modelling of them, even with sophisticated methods of analysis, is impossible. At the other end of the scale, rock mass classification methods have been developed to quantify the rock mass. These ?numbers? are now widely used for assessment of stability of underground and surface excavations in rock, for the determination of rock support requirements, and for the estimation of rock mass strength and deformation properties. In considering these areas, the two concepts?design, and prediction of behaviour?will be dealt with. The discussion will be introduced by a consideration of the characteristics of the rock mass, which will highlight the variability in its properties and hence the uncertainty in the behavioural parameters. Examples of real projects will be used to illustrate the discussion.

Jan 1, 2003

By Tomoharu Jogo

Dado que el yacimiento de la mina Huanzalá de la Compañía Minera Santa Luisa es delgado, se utilizó el método de corte y relleno para la extracción de minerales. Posteriormente en 1979, se complementa este método con el Trackless Mining, adquiriendo óptimos resultados en la eficiencia y costo de operación. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente texto es describir la aplicación de este último método -en tanto cambio de sistema de explotación- y se muestre la eficiencia del autosuministro de material de relleno en yacimientos pequeños.

Oct 14, 1980

By Arne M. Myrvang

Rock stress measurements have been carried out by the Mining Department, the Norw. Institute of Technology (NTH) since 1964. Before that time rock stress measurements were carried out at a few locations by the Swedish professor Hast as early as 1958. From the very beginning the NTH engagement in the rock stress measuring field has been very practically aimed, and we have all the time enjoyed a very good cooperation with the Norwegian mining industry. At a very early stage the industry realized that proper measurements with proper equipment could be a very valuable practical tool. Hence the industry also was willing to grant considerable funds for the education of experts and development of measuring techniques. Since 1964 measurements have been carried out in the great majority of Norwegian mines. During the last years a large number of measurements have also been carried out in connection with hydro-electric power plants, road tunnels etc.

Jan 1, 1981

By David A. Monaghan

This report describes the results of a 2-year investigation of extensible face ventilation techniques and systems for use at the working face in underground coal mines. The goal was to provide a safe and convenient method of maintaining the extensible system within 10 feet of the face, thereby ensuring good ventilation. A summary of approximately 20 extensible ventilation systems proposed or tried in the past is included for reference, together with a detailed description of the design, construction, and underground testing of a new extensible brattice panel and a new fiberglass duct system. The extensible brattice system utilized a special panel which could be pushed forward as the miner advanced. Brief testing in three mines revealed some conflict with the mining cycle and led to recommendations for two improved designs. The extensible duct system was designed for a Goodman borer and utilized a telescoping tube on the left side of the roof, so that it could be extended without interfering with the miner operator. For mine sections with right-hand return ventilation, a special flat tube section is used to cross over the entry. Underground testing showed substantial improvement in face ventilation without interfering with production.

Jan 1, 1976

By Manuel Sanchéz

Para las empresas mineras, la búsqueda de buenas condiciones con los clientes y la optimización de los procesos involucrados en la cadena de valor, es uno de sus principales objetivos. En este sentido, el presente texto señala las estrategias y soluciones que priorizen y mejore la calidad de las decisiones en la empresa.

May 25, 1998

By Aquiles Vivar Montañez

"La construcción de losas de relleno cementado en la aplicación del método de corte y relleno descendente, es una etapa importante en el ciclo de minado - en tanto representa uno de los mayores costos de extracción por tonelada de mineral. En este contexto, es necesario establecer metodologías adecuadas para el diseño de losas basadas en técnicas empíricas y analíticas, así como para el de recuperación de pilares. Por ello, el presente texto señala la optimización de la resistencia del relleno cementado a través de la reducción del ancho de minado en los sectores de mayor potencia y la reducción del módulo de rigidez de la losa para que guarde equivalencia con la rigidez de las rocas encajonantes, que son de baja calidad geotécnica. "

Sep 1, 2015

By J. West

For many years line-of-sight (LOS) issues for underground mobile equipment is a growing focus of research. This research is a result of the numerous fatalities and injuries which occur in the mining industry and which are related to poor operator LOS. Three assessment methods are currently used to assess operator LOS of underground mobile equipment. The light filament (LF) method is a hands-on assessment method that is performed in the field. This method is not evaluated in this paper. The laser scan (LS) method of assessing equipment is a quick and reliable method that comes from the need to evaluate vehicles already located in the field. The computer simulation (CS) method can assess LOS issues using a computer aided drawing (CAD) model, which is useful for assessing current or prototype models. The purpose of the current research is to compare and validate different operator LOS assessment methods. Comparison of the results of the LS and CS visibility plots yielded similar quantifiable results. A visual comparison of the results further illustrate that the LS and CS methods are acceptable assessment tools for mobile equipment operator LOS evaluation. The visibility assessment methods are now being prepared as guidelines for the mining industry to assess current and potential designs.

Jan 1, 2007

By Marreros D. Oscar

La perforación y la voladura son mecanismos que suministran material adecuadamente roto al equipo de carguío. La efectividad de ambos depende de la evaluación de la perforadora y de los explosivos a utilizar. En esta perspectiva, el presente trabajo describe los parámetros necesarios para evaluar los requerimientos de perforadoras en una mina nueva. El proceso de selección y evaluación conlleva una optimización económica del equipo de perforación para cumplir el plan de minado, asegurando la producción t reduciendo los riesgos financieros. Asimismo, se presenta el análisis de inversión con la técnica de flujo de caja descontado.

Aug 26, 1988

By Jorge Bombilla Delgado

El presente texto señala la descripción de técnicas de voladura en Cerro Verde a partir de la descripción de la geología del área mineralizada de dicho asentamiento minero. Posteriormente se describe los dos principales sistema de estructuras: uno con rumbo general noroeste -sureste y el otro sistema con rumbo noreste-suroeste, donde se produce un fracturamiento, cuya importancia radica en la ubicación y la orientación de salida que se de al disparo. Asimismo se describe los explosivos utilizados, la sensiblidad de los mismos, la preparación del ANFO, los métodos de trabajo, disparo, el diseño de perforación y las cargas explosivas.

Nov 20, 1978

By Jia-Shyan Shiau, Chung-Ken Ho

An uneven gas distribution through the burden layers inside a blast furnace (BF) results in abnormal gas resistance or pressure changes. Rapid variations in the abnormal gas resistance will lead to the occurrence of channeling. A visualization technology mainly made of pressure distribution was developed to predict BF channeling phenomena in this study. The real-time data of BF shaft pressure was used to create a 3D visual model by neural network algorithms and 3D real-time BF pressure changes were observed. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the BF shaft pressure was used as an index to set up the predicting criteria of channeling occurrence with the opening of BF Annular Gap Element (AGE), and a predicting system based on the criteria was built. The two criteria for the channeling alarm are the RMSD of the BF shaft pressure (> 0.15 kg/cm2 ) at the upper two levels, and the AGE opening being greater than 60%. This system has been installed in the China Steel Corporation (CSC) BFs, and the test results showed that a prediction can be obtained 8 to 16 min ahead of channeling allowing sufficient time for the operator to adjust the BF operation in order to avoid the occurrence of channeling.

By Bruce Cavender

Historically, the processing function has been regarded as efficiently managed as long as production costs were kept low, recovery was adequate and sufficient plant capacity was avail-able. In this paradigm, processing is viewed as capable of making only a limited contribution to a company?s competitive advantage. However, the processing function can provide a primary vehicle for building critical competitive capabilities. Processing organizations should be encouraged to become so accomplished they generate new opportunities for other functional groups and thereby influence a company?s overall strategy. This requires a deep shift in processing?s role, in its self-image and in the expectations of it held by managers in other functions. Specific plant improvement techniques ? total productive maintenance (TPM), loss control, etc. ? should be viewed primarily as means for building strategically valuable processing capabilities. Different improvement strategies create different kinds of capabilities and present new strategic options. Broadly speaking, a mineral-producing company seeks competitive advantage through two principal activities: the development of new mineral production and reserves and the optimization of existing operations. These lead to increases in ore reserves, production levels and cash flows that are manifested in increased profitability and, hopefully, increases in the price of the firm?s stock. The profitability of a minerals company is a function of the overall profitability of the industry sector in which the company participates and the firm?s competitive position within that sector relative to those of its competitors. Competitive advantage within the industry comes from two sources: the ability to maintain lower prices than competitors for the same product (cost leadership), or from the sale of products with unique properties that justify higher prices (product differentiation; Porter, 1980). Most mineral companies produce fungible commodities that are sold to anonymous customers, and sustainable cost advantage is the only long-run strategy available to these companies to enhance profitability.

Jan 1, 2008

En el Perú, al igual que otros distritos mineros extranjeros, diversas plantas mineras optaron por utilizar oxígeno en los tanques de cianuración de oro para mejorar su rendimiento. En ese sentido, este procedimiento puede compensar la reducida cantidad de oxígeno disponible en las alturas. Por ello, el presente texto señala las diferencias que existen entre la inyección de aire y oxígeno a nivel del mar, como ocurre a grandes alturas en mejora del rendimiento de la lixiviación de oro. Asimismo, los mecanismos de este procedimento son revisados y propuestos para explicar cómo el transporte de oxígeno mejora el rendimiento en la lixiviación de oro y reduce el consumo de cianuro.

Sep 12, 2005

By Valentín Pamo

El presente trabajo describe los procesos y equipos que permiten la extracción de metales preciosos de la refinería de Ilo en condiciones agresivas, obligando a investigar materiales resistentes a la corrosión. Asimismo, se presentan alternativas que aseguren la continuidad de las operaciones en el proceso productivo de dicha refinería.

Sep 9, 2007

By Stephen C. Tadolini

PC-Strand tendons, commonly referred to as cable bolts, have become a major rock reinforcement device for underground mining and civil applications. The most common configuration is a 1+6 strand, which designates a center king-wire, with six outer wires wound around it to form a 0.6-in (15-mm) diameter cable. The capacity of this tendon approaches 30 tons, but the performance is largely dependent on the anchorage medium and the ability of the system to transfer stresses back into the rock mass while reinforcing and suspending the immediate roof. Recent developments to improve the transfer mechanisms of the PCstrand via the anchorage medium by impregnating the individual wires with uniquely designed deformations have resulted in improved anchorage and subsequent cable bolt performance. This paper describes a series of laboratory tests used to develop the initial indentation patterns and numerical modeling simulations that were undertaken to refine and optimize the final designs. The new, indented PC-Strands, offered in both bright and properly galvanized, have been tested in the field and are being used effectively in two new cable bolt products. The results of the laboratory, computer modeling, field testing and in-situ installations provide a glance at the next generation of cable bolts. This suite of testing shows how they will improve the safety and serviceability of openings under adverse ground conditions.

Jan 1, 2012

By E. H. Burroughs

This bulletin is the fifth in the series of petroleum bibliographies publis:\:l.ed by the Bure.au of Mines, Bulletins 149, 165, 180, and 189 being compilations for the years 1915, 1916, 1917, and 1918, respectively. In this bulletin the same general plan has been followed in arranging the references, but a few changes and additions have been made in the classification.

Jan 1, 1923

By Priscila Graziela Melo Martins

O tamanho de grão austenítico é um parâmetro que influencia o desempenho de tratamentos térmicos em aços, assim como suas propriedades. Neste contexto, este trabalho investigou o uso de um reativo para ataque por imersão (240ml de água destilada, 2ml de HCl, 2g de ácido pícrico e 5 gotas de detergente neutro) para avaliar a influência da temperatura e do tempo de austenitização sobre o tamanho de grão austenítico de um aço ABNT1045 austenitizado nas temperaturas de 860ºC, 950ºC e 1100ºC por intervalos de tempo de 40, 90 e 180 minutos. As amostras austenitizadas foram temperadas em água, metalograficamente preparadas e atacadas com o reativo proposto com o objetivo de se revelar os antigos contornos de grãos austeníticos. Os tamanhos de grãos foram medidos com a utilização do software UMIAS de forma a possibilitar a determinação de distribuições estatísticas com quinhentas medidas para cada condição de tratamento. As amostras foram novamente preparadas e então atacadas com Nital 2%, sendo possível avaliar a influência do tamanho de grão austenítico sobre a morfologia da martensita. Pôde-se observar que, para o aço ABNT1045, a influência da temperatura de austenitização sobre o tamanho de grão austenítico é muito evidente e mais significativa do que a do tempo. Os valores de tamanho de grão se mostraram exponencialmente dependentes da temperatura, de forma que quanto maior o tamanho de grão austenítico, mais grosseira é a estrutura martensítica e menor é a dureza do material após a têmpera em água.

Aug 7, 2018

By Tim Peterson

Factors Controlling Stability Stability of slopes in soft rock, waste dumps or soils is governed by three factors: ?Slope configuration ?Groundwater ?Shear strength

Jan 1, 2004

By E. Mata Robles

El presente texto refiere el proceso historiográfico de la planta concentradora Mahr Túnel ubicada en el valle del río Yauli a 3.4 kilómetros de las coordenadas de la carretera central del Perú. La planta se construyó en 1937 para el tratamiento de los minerales de plomo, cobre, zinc de la mina San Cristóbal. La operación de la planta comprende: recibo del mineral, planta de chancado, circuito de molienda, flotación Bulk cobre- plomo, flotación de zinc, espesamiento y flitrado, disposición de relaves. Los datos estadísticos de la planta se basaron en la capacidad, número de obreros, número de empleados, fuerza eléctrica, consumo de barras y bolas y consumo de reactivos. La seguridad y higiene de la planta concentradora mencionada cuenta con un Comité de seguridad conformado por un Superintendente de campo, ingeniero de Seguridad y el médico de campamento, así como para casos de accidentes es suministrado por el Hospital de Mahr Túnel.

Aug 20, 1963

By Maria Carolina Andrade Teles

Uma fibra natural apresenta características interfaciais com matrizes poliméricas que favorecem a absorção de alta energia de impacto da estrutura compósita . Este trabalho procura avaliar a resistência ao impacto deste tipo de matriz de poliéster com reforço de fibras naturais. As fibras de Fique foram misturadas com resina de poliéster sob pressão em um molde metálico, e curada à temperatura ambiente durante 24 horas . Amostras padrões foram preparadas até 30% em volume de fibras Fique alinhadas ao longo de todo o seu comprimento, estas amostras foram então testadas com ensaio de impacto Izod do pêndulo e as superfícies de fratura examinadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, MEV. A resistência ao impacto aumenta substancialmente com a quantidade relativa de fibra de Fique como reforço do compósito . Isto pode ser atribuído a uma descolagem preferencial da interface fibra / matriz , o que contribui para uma elevada energia absorvida.

Aug 17, 2017