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Herewith are transmitted the joint report of the Treasurer and Finance Committee for 1934 and the reports for the same year of the Chairmen of the following Committees: Admissions, Membership, Papers and Publications, Library, and MINING AND METALLURGY. TO these reports you are referred for details of the year's activities. Finances.-Income for 1934 from all sources totalled $134,967 com- pared with $121,689 in 1933. The increase is accounted for principally by four items: $6000 increase in initiation fees and dues of new members; $1800 in current dues; $4000 in "back" dues; and $2800 in the sale of publications, including TRANSACTIONS volumes and technical papers in the form of "separates." In passing, it may be remarked that income from back dues during 1935 will be less than in 1934, for the obvious reason that the total amount of dues in arrears has shrunk and consequently there is less to draw from. Income from

Jan 1, 1934

By Whitman E. Brown

The installation in 1948 of a Humphrey spiral concentrator section at the Hill-Trumbull plant of The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co. is the latest commercial method on the Mesabi Range being used for the recovery of fine iron ore. In two stages of concentration 84 spirals treat approximately 120 long tons per hour of minus 1/8 in. ore. These spirals augment the production of the heavy-density plant which recovers the plus 44 in. iron from the plant crude ore. Structure of the ore is such that, when crushed, about 50 pct of the plant crude is minus 1/8 in. size. After desliming in a 66 in. Akins classifier, grinding the classifier product in a ball mill and again desliming in a 78 in. Akins classifier about 15 pct of the crude ore remains to be treated in the spiral plant.

Jan 1, 1949

By Mazany, M. S.

THE Caletones copper smelter of the Braden Copper Co. is in the " Teniente" mining district about SO km. (49.7 mi.) southeast of Santiago, Chile. From the seaports of San Antonio and Tralparaiso, the property is reached via the Chilean State Railway (66-in. gage) to Rancagua, whence the Braden railroad (30-in. gage) leads to the smelting plant at Caletones, 60 km. away at 5100 ft. elevation, and continues on to the mine and concentrator at Sewell, at 7000 ft. elevation, 12 km. farther into the Andes. The smelting plant was completed and put into commission in February, 1922. At the start, it smelted daily 750 tons of concentrates produced at Sewell from 10,000 tons of ore; later, its capacity was increased to 900 tons of concentrates from 12,000 tons of ore per day; and it is now being increased to 1100 tons of concentrates from 15,000 tons of ore per day. The smelting plant production is governed chiefly by the

Jan 1, 1925

The Committee on Nominations, begs to submit the following as its nominees for the respective offices indicated, for the year beginning February, 1920. For President and Director: HERBERT HOOVER Palo Alto, Calif. For Vice-President and Director: FREDERICK LAIST, Anaconda, Mont District 5 SEELEY W. MUDD, Los Angeles, Calif District 6 For Directors: W: M. CORSE, Mansfield, Ohio District 3 A. S. DWIGHT, New York, N. Y District 0 R. M. CATLIN, Franklin Furnace, N. J District 1 C. H. CLEVENGER, Washington, D. C District 9 W. A. CARLYLE, Ottawa, Can District 11 POPE YEATMAN, Chairman, Committee on Nominations.

Jan 12, 1919

By E. M. Murphy

(Presented by invitation at a meeting of the Spokane Local Section of the Institute, Feb. 17, 1912.) EIGHT years ago the Hecla mine, a lead-silver producer, situated at Burke, Idaho, was producing ore from but two levels, the 300- and the 600-ft. All hoisting was done with a 12- by 16-in. slide-valve, double-reel, hoist. The hoist was being worked to its capacity and was unsuitable for hoisting from greater depths. As the work of opening a new level was about to be started, it became necessary to remodel the then-existing equipment or install a new hoist. The recent advent of electricity from Spokane had made available a cheaper power than steam. By a series of tests conducted throughout the Coeur d'Alène district, it was found that it cost $109 per year to generate a horse-power with steam. Electric power was to be had for $50 a horse-power per year. It was decided to substitute for the engines a motor-drive, of sufficient capacity to operate from the 900-ft. level, and ultimately install an entirely new hoist. After disconnecting the engines, installing a new shaft, and making a few minor changes, a 300-h-p., 2,300-volt, 514-rev. per min., variable-speed motor of the induction type was geared to the reel-shaft. The reels were supplied with 3/8 by 4-in. flat rope, and the duty of the hoist was about as follows: Cage, 1,700; ore, 2,600; car, 1,400; rope, 2,250; total, 7,950 pounds. The Bristol ammeter chart, Fig. 1, shows the combined current-consumption of the hoist- and mine-motors. The large intermittent load is clearly shown ; this produced harmful fluctuations in the voltage of the long, lightly-loaded, 60,000-volt transmission-line from Spokane to the Coeur d'Alènes. The power company received no compensation for the increased cost of producing power for this intermittent or fluctuating load. In order to protect its system from similar excessive

Sep 1, 1912

[FUQUA, H. B. and Thompson, B. E.: Oil and Gas Development and Production in North Texas for 1933, 107, 320; for 1934, 114, 417 Oil and Gas Development in West Texas 114, 438 FURMAN, W. F.: Heat and Corrosion-resisting Alloys. Printed in Oil & Gas Jnl., June 13, 1935 Furnace-bottom sand, uniformity, 73, 390 Furnace control, Isley apparatus, M27, 502 Furnaces (See also Holt-Dern; Blast Furnaces; Roasters; Wirebar, etc.): annealing: electric, 89, 424 gas-fired, 89, 425 gas vs. wood for nonferrous metals, 89, 422]

Jan 1, 1936

By John Riegle

To date. utility company underground storage of gas has generally been restricted to depleted dry gas fields. The Playa del Rey project is probably the first to successfully store gas in a partially depleted oil reservoir with the recovery of large volumes of pas at high rates as the main objective. Oil recovery has been a secondary consideration. Problems encountered unusual to those of storage in a dry gas zone were: (1) the removal and retardation of formation of emulsion. (2) the upstructure movement of fluid during withdrawal periods which formed fluid blocks, and (3) reservoir shrinkage resulting from encroachment of edgewater. The solution of these problems as outlined in the paper has resulted in increasing the withdrawal rate from the original design capacity of 4,000 Mcf per hour to the current 10.000 Mcf per hour. Additional increase is anticipated as the operations continue. Migration. reservoir performance. operational procedure and a historical record are included to make this a resume of the project from its war-time inception in 1942 to the first of 1952. INTRODUCTION The Playa del Rey underground gas storage project is probably the first project in which gas has been stored in a partially depleted oil reservoir, with the recovery of large volumes of gas at high rates as the main objective and the recovery of oil a secondary consideration. Problems unusual to those of storage in dry gas zones have made this a pioneer endeavor. The total storage capacity of approximately 1,500,000 Mcf of this reservoir is small in comparison with other underground gas storage projects. However. by study and experiment the deliverability into transmission lines. operating at pressures in excess of 150 lbs., has been nearly tripled in the past three years. to the current 10.000 Mcf per hour late, without the use of compression. It is anticipated this rate will gradually increase as additional fluid is removed from the formation. LOCATION AND HISTORY Playa del Key is located on Santa Monica Bay about two miles south of the beach commuity of Venice and 15 miles southwest of the renter of the City city Los Angeles. Fig. 1. The discovery well was completed at 6,194 ft in 1929. An upper zone at 3,905 ft was found on June 18. 1930. Townlot development was very rapid and by the end of 1930 there were 141 producing wells in the field. The Union Oil Co. completed a lower zone well south of the Townlot Field in May, 1931, which was believed to be an extension, until additional drilling of about 50 wells during 1934 and 1935 indicated this area to be a separate accumulation as shown on Fig. 2. The lower oil horizon, which is now the storage zone, had no original gas cap and is believed to be a continental detrital deposit of conglomerate that accumulated in valleys and depressions of a weathered schist high. which later subsided and was overlain by an impervious nodular shale. This type of formation has rapid variation of porosity. permeability and thickness due to lack of sorting action common to marine deposition. and the uneven surface of the original schist high. Production was limited on the upstructure sides by the pinching out of the conglomerate, and downstructure by edgewater. Unrestricted production, together with high permeabilities, led to large wastage of gas from this new area as facilities were not available for transport of gas to market. The decline was very rapid and by 1942 the portion of the new area south of Ballona Creek was nearly depleted. ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY The rapid increase in industrialization of Southern California during World war 11 forced upon the local gas com-

Jan 1, 1953

By J. Handin, S. J. Bauer, M. Friedman

Deformation mechanisms in room-dry and water-saturated specimens of Charcoal Granodiorite, shortened at 10-4s-1, at effective pressures (Pe) to 100 MPa and temperatures to partial melting (?1050°C) are documented with a view toward providing criteria to recognize and characterize the deformation for geological and engineering applications. Above 800°C strength decreases dramatically at effective pressures ? 50 MPa and water-weakening reduces strength an additional 30 to 40% at Pe = 100 MPa. Strains at failure are only 0.1 to 2.2 percent with macroscopic ductility (within this range) increasing as the effective pressures are increased and in wet versus dry tests. Shattering (multiple faulting) gives way to faulting along a single zone to failure without macroscopic faulting as ductility increases. Microscopically, cataclasis (extension microfracturing and thermal cracking with rigid-body motions) predominates at all conditions. Dislocation gliding contributes little to the strain. Precursive extension microfractures coalesce to produce the throughgoing faults with gouge zones exhibiting possible Riedel shears. Incipient melting, particularly in wet tests, produces a distinctive texture along feldspar grain boundaries that suggests a grain-boundary-softening effect contributes to the weakening. In addition, it is demonstrated that the presence of water does not lead to more microfractures, but to a reduction in the stresses required to initiate and propagate them.

Jan 1, 1982

By V. H. Wilhelm

Developments in California during 1942 were marked by many difficulties in operation, of which the lack of labor and material were the main factors in slowing down work. During the many years of curtailment, which has been effective since 1928, a number of estimates of the state's capacity to produce have been built up, but during the year 44 fields were 'eliminated from curtailment and valuable data were obtained as to the normal capacity of these fields to produce. Because of new discoveries and the normal decline of old fields, which is more than 15 per cent per year, it is estimated that the sustained capacity of the state for a 5-year period is not more than 500,000 bbl. per day. Decline in the rate of production was greatest in the fields in the Los Angeles Basin district. These fields have been produced nearly at capacity for many years and had no reserve of shut-in production. The San Joaquin Valley and Coastal districts have responded well to the increased allotments assigned to them by the Petroleum Administrator for War. All heavy oil fields in the state are on full production, except in the Coastal district, where transportation is the limiting factor. Although approximately 2500 more wells are on production in the state than there were in 1941, the supply of heavy crude has not yet reached the demand. A summary of statistics for 1941 and 1942 is given in the following table. Production in California for 1942 was 680,000 bbl. a day as against 631,000 bbl. a day for 1941, an increase of 7.8 per cent. The present maximum efficient rate has been estimated at 808,000 bbl. per day. This indicates that in the 15 restricted fields of the state there is only an additional 83,000 bbl. per day of light oil available. Drilling Activity Drilling activity during the year was equivalent to but 70 per cent of normal. Although shortages of equipment and labor were in part responsible for the reduced drilling activity, the main reasons were the lack of proved locations due to a cycle of very few new discoveries and the restrictions of Conservation Order M-68. For the first six months of the year, 300 new oil wells were completed, which were equally divided as to the number of light and heavy oil producers. But, for the last six months of the year, it is

Jan 1, 1943

By V. H. Wilhelm

Developments in California during 1942 were marked by many difficulties in operation, of which the lack of labor and material were the main factors in slowing down work. During the many years of curtailment, which has been effective since 1928, a number of estimates of the state's capacity to produce have been built up, but during the year 44 fields were 'eliminated from curtailment and valuable data were obtained as to the normal capacity of these fields to produce. Because of new discoveries and the normal decline of old fields, which is more than 15 per cent per year, it is estimated that the sustained capacity of the state for a 5-year period is not more than 500,000 bbl. per day. Decline in the rate of production was greatest in the fields in the Los Angeles Basin district. These fields have been produced nearly at capacity for many years and had no reserve of shut-in production. The San Joaquin Valley and Coastal districts have responded well to the increased allotments assigned to them by the Petroleum Administrator for War. All heavy oil fields in the state are on full production, except in the Coastal district, where transportation is the limiting factor. Although approximately 2500 more wells are on production in the state than there were in 1941, the supply of heavy crude has not yet reached the demand. A summary of statistics for 1941 and 1942 is given in the following table. Production in California for 1942 was 680,000 bbl. a day as against 631,000 bbl. a day for 1941, an increase of 7.8 per cent. The present maximum efficient rate has been estimated at 808,000 bbl. per day. This indicates that in the 15 restricted fields of the state there is only an additional 83,000 bbl. per day of light oil available. Drilling Activity Drilling activity during the year was equivalent to but 70 per cent of normal. Although shortages of equipment and labor were in part responsible for the reduced drilling activity, the main reasons were the lack of proved locations due to a cycle of very few new discoveries and the restrictions of Conservation Order M-68. For the first six months of the year, 300 new oil wells were completed, which were equally divided as to the number of light and heavy oil producers. But, for the last six months of the year, it is

Jan 1, 1943

[Aamot, Clav Crone, (Member '29) Met., Det Norske Aktieselskab for Elektrokemisk, Industri, Inc., Oslo, Norway. Aamot, 0, Crone, (Member '29) c/o Elektrokemisk, Radhusgaten 23, Oslo, Norway. Aase, Glenn D., (Junior Member '40) Jr. Met., American Smelt. & Refin. Co., Selby, Calif. Abadie, Henry G., (Junior Member '43) Div. Petr. Engr., Union Pacific R.R. Co., 422 W. 6th St., Los Angeles 14, Calif. Abbott, Clarence E., (Member '04) Civil Engr., V.P., Tennessee Coal, Iron & R.R. Co., 1542 Brown Marx Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. Abbott, Fred E., Jr., (Member '44) Petr. Engr., c/o Arabian American Oil Co., A.P.O. 816, c/o Postmaster, New York, N. Y. Abel, Raymond L., (Member '28) Chem. Engr., 0. 0., Pittsburgh Chem. Warfare Procurement Dist., American Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.]

Jan 1, 1946

By H. De Cizancourt

The Pechelbronn (Alsace) field is the only important French producing field. During 1934, development was carried on as in previous years. The total output of this field reached 553,575 bbl. in 1934, showing a slight decrease from the 1933 figures. Of the total, 315,000 bbl. (56 per cent) was extracted by drilling, while 238,875 bbl. (46 per cent) was obtained by means of shafts and galleries. Exploration of deep Jurassic and Triassic horizons was still in progress at the end of 1934. A deep well reached the Upper Triassic at a depth of 34 m. (2736 ft.). (Information kindly supplied by M. S. Mena, Directeur Technique.) As mentioned before, the small Gabian field (Herault) is gradually being exhausted. No drilling operations were undertaken in 1934, the small production being restricted to the pumping of old wells. Two exploration wells, noted as "drilling" at the end of 1933, were completed in 1934; viz., Lavelanet (Ariége) at 3785 ft. and Santenay (Niévre) at 2578 feet. French Possessions Algeria.—No drilling at Tliouanet. Out of a total of 100 wells drilled in the area, only 8 are still producing. No exploration work is reported during 1934 in Algeria. Tunisia.—Two wells completed; one well drilling at the end of 1934. A total of 11 wells is reported to have been drilled before the beginning of 1935; out of these, 8 were completed before the present program was begun. Morocco.—Exploration work progressed actively last year. The outstanding event was the coming in of Ts. 26 well at 1243 ft. This well took fire, therefore great difficulties were encountered in the accurate measurement of initial production; the figure of 1500 bbl. of oil given here is a near estimate. Oil flowed accompanied by a great amount of water. The apparent decrease of drilling operations in 1934 is explained by the increase in field activities after the results of Ts. 26 were known;

Jan 1, 1935

By H. W. Gillett

Unlike most previous Howe lecturers, I had not the good fortune to be associated with Henry Marion Howe, nor to be directly one of his students. Yet, through his writings, he has been my teacher, as he has of all American metallurgists. Instructive as his writings are—I use the present tense because Howe thought so keenly and reasoned so surely, seeing clearly, as if by intuition, what was hazy to lesser minds, that his writings are still vital—it is not those books and papers, nor even the minds he trained in his classes, that were his most outstanding service. It was the spirit of Howe in his approach to the problems of metallurgy, his broad-mindedness and fairness, his recognition of the need for theories and hypotheses to explain metallurgical phenomena, his willingness to use them as servants, as well as his questioning attitude—his refusal to accept them as masters—that comprise his greatest service. This most thoroughly warrants the honor the Institute pays each year to his memory. These traits I so respect and honor in any man that I glory in this opportunity to do reverence to him in whom they were so notably united. Howe's Discussion of a Creep Problem I have often wished that Howe were still with us to turn his keen insight upon the problems of the use of metals at high temperatures, a field much studied but still very hazy. Indeed, 53 years ago, in a paper1 before this Institute, Howe stated a problem closely allied to some that still perplex metallurgists and engineers dealing with the high-temperature field. Howe was intrigued by a report2 from another old master, Robert Henry Thurston, on the behavior of annealed vs. cold-drawn iron wire, and in order to broaden the foundation for metallurgical generalization, Howe made experiments of his own on copper and silver. In these tests by Thurston and by Howe, the wires were rapidly loaded to determine the

Jan 1, 1939

By Roy P. Full, Robert M. Grantham

Regional structural adjustments in early Tertiary time resulted in the development of the Republic graben, a major down-dropped block that is from 6 to 10 miles in width and more than fifty miles in length. The graben became the center of extensive volcanic activity during Eocene and Oligocene time, resulting in a thick sequence of water-laid tuffaceous sediments, volcanic flows, and associated intrusives. A younger series of sediments, pyroclastics, and flows were deposited in structural depressions within the graben following the period of widespread volcanic activity. The Republic mining district is located along one of the major intragraben structural zones, where continuing subsidence during the period of volcanic activity resulted in an increased thickness of flows and associated flow breccias and pyroclastics. Intrusive masses in part healed early graben-forming faults, but later subsidence reopened old faults and created new fracture zones which later became the control for the gold-quartz veins. Considerable block adjustment along the subsidence area is evidenced by the structural pattern in the mines, and telescoped vein structures indicate north-south compressional stresses and east-west graben-forming tensional stresses prior to and during the emplacement of the veins. The veins, varying from a few feet to more than 50 feet in width, are filled primarily by fine-grained quartz, commonly chalcedonic or porcelain-like in appearance. Finely laminated dark-gray to black concentric banding within the veins generally distinguishes the better-grade ore zones, which contain finely disseminated sulfides and ore minerals that include principally electrum, stephanite, naumannite, and native silver.

Jan 1, 1968

By George B. Langford

ON THE QUESTION of postwar controls there are today three schools of though ; some advocate state control of everything the socialists ; second are those who advocate the removal of all governmental control over industry - the freedom of enterprise ideal ; and third are those who advocate a middle course - sufficient control to stabilize economic and industrial life, and to prevent violent fluctuations such as we saw in the interwar years. I advocate this third course. I firmly believe un free enterprise, but not in freedom of enterprise, or laissez faire, and there is a great and significant difference between these two.

Jan 1, 1944

ANDERSON, ALEXANDER, Captain, Royal Garrison Artillery. ANDERSON, GEORGE K., JR., Lieutenant, 30th Co., 3d Replacement Regiment. ARMSTEAD, H. H., Captain, Quartermaster Corps, U. S. N. A. ARMSTRONG, HAROLD KERR, Student Flight Officer, U. S. Naval Reserve Flying Corps, Dunwoody Naval Training Station, Minneapolis, Minn. BAKER, HARRY A., Captain, Co. M, 53d Pioneer Infantry. BASSETT, THOMAS E., Corporal, 340th. Field Artillery, Battery A, 89th Division, A. E. F. BATES, Wm.. T., 3d Reserve Officers' Training Camp. BAUMMGARTEN, K., 1st Lieutenant, 1st Corps School A. P. 0. 703. BAYLESS, G. E. S., Supply Dept., U. S. Submarine Base, New London, Conn. BENSEL, J. A., Major, U. S. R., Board of Control, War. Construction Activities, Norfolk, Va. BILLICK, DON C., Co. C, Ordnance. Supply School. BILLINGSLEY, PAUL, 1st Lieutenant, National Army, Statistics Branch,. General Staff. BLANDY, S. H. B., B. E. F.

Jan 8, 1918

By Marcus A. Grossmann

The Institute has established this lectureship to honor the memory of a great American metallurgist, one whose fame has continued long after his passing. As one scientist recently stated it, "All metallurgical texts gradually become outdated and outmoded, except those of the great Henry Marion Howe." It seems fitting, then, that, once every year, we shouId review, in his honor, some aspects of the science in which he was such a distinguished leader, and also discuss any new data that may help to clarify our concepts. It is my privilege, for which indeed I express the deepest appreciation to this Institute, to offer for consideration a few thoughts on the toughness and fracture of hardened steels. Before proceeding to the data, I wish to express my great indebtedness to many associates whose stimulating discussions, generous contributions of data and cooperation in experiments are gratefully acknowledged. (But I wish to absolve them of any blame that may arise from the way in which their discussions and data have been used!) First, Dr. Edgar C. Bain, Vice President, Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation, whose amiable but merciless criticisms and always constructive and thoughtful suggestions help unfailingly to guard against pitfalls. Then to associates at Gary Steel Works, especially Mr. H. B. Wishart, Mr. W. K. Smith and Mr. V. Elliott, for great assistance in securing data. Also to Col. C. H. Greenall, Director of Laboratories, Frankford Arsenal, and his metallurgical staff, including Messrs. J. K. Desmond, H. Markus, D. F. Armiento, H. Rosenthal and Henry George, for numerous data and illustrations. Further to Dr. J. R. Low and Dr. M. Asimow, for helpful discussions of effects of states of stress during deformation and rupture, to Mr. J. M. Hodge for discussions and data, to the staff of the U. S. Steel Corporation Research Laboratory for advice and data, and to the Metallurgical Staff at Duquesne Steel Works. The individual acknowledgments will also be found under illustrations. Acknowledgment is also due to Mr. S. C. Snyder for incredibly meticulous scrutiny of manuscript. To all of these, grateful thanks. Introduction The discussion to be offered here will deal with quench-hardened steels only, and may perhaps be considered under three headings: 1. It was found that, when ferrite was precipitated in the (prior austenite) grain boundaries of hardened steel, the notch-bar toughness was much less than in pieces fully hardened. The fracture took place in the ferrite, and the loss in toughness is attributed to the lower cohesive (cleavage) strength of the ferrite, as cornpared with martensite. 2. When notch-bar impact test pieces of quenched and tempered steels were examined as to their mode of fracture, it

Jan 1, 1947

By Marcus A. Grossmann

The Institute has established this lectureship to honor the memory of a great American metallurgist, one whose fame has continued long after his passing. As one scientist recently stated it, "All metallurgical texts gradually become outdated and outmoded, except those of the great Henry Marion Howe." It seems fitting, then, that, once every year, we shouId review, in his honor, some aspects of the science in which he was such a distinguished leader, and also discuss any new data that may help to clarify our concepts. It is my privilege, for which indeed I express the deepest appreciation to this Institute, to offer for consideration a few thoughts on the toughness and fracture of hardened steels. Before proceeding to the data, I wish to express my great indebtedness to many associates whose stimulating discussions, generous contributions of data and cooperation in experiments are gratefully acknowledged. (But I wish to absolve them of any blame that may arise from the way in which their discussions and data have been used!) First, Dr. Edgar C. Bain, Vice President, Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation, whose amiable but merciless criticisms and always constructive and thoughtful suggestions help unfailingly to guard against pitfalls. Then to associates at Gary Steel Works, especially Mr. H. B. Wishart, Mr. W. K. Smith and Mr. V. Elliott, for great assistance in securing data. Also to Col. C. H. Greenall, Director of Laboratories, Frankford Arsenal, and his metallurgical staff, including Messrs. J. K. Desmond, H. Markus, D. F. Armiento, H. Rosenthal and Henry George, for numerous data and illustrations. Further to Dr. J. R. Low and Dr. M. Asimow, for helpful discussions of effects of states of stress during deformation and rupture, to Mr. J. M. Hodge for discussions and data, to the staff of the U. S. Steel Corporation Research Laboratory for advice and data, and to the Metallurgical Staff at Duquesne Steel Works. The individual acknowledgments will also be found under illustrations. Acknowledgment is also due to Mr. S. C. Snyder for incredibly meticulous scrutiny of manuscript. To all of these, grateful thanks. Introduction The discussion to be offered here will deal with quench-hardened steels only, and may perhaps be considered under three headings: 1. It was found that, when ferrite was precipitated in the (prior austenite) grain boundaries of hardened steel, the notch-bar toughness was much less than in pieces fully hardened. The fracture took place in the ferrite, and the loss in toughness is attributed to the lower cohesive (cleavage) strength of the ferrite, as cornpared with martensite. 2. When notch-bar impact test pieces of quenched and tempered steels were examined as to their mode of fracture, it

Jan 1, 1947

SINCE the adoption by the U. S. Bureau of Standards several years ago of specifications for standard 100- and 200-mesh sieves, frequent requests have been received that this Bureau test and certify sieves of other sizes than these. With a view to the adoption of a series of standard testing sieves which might be of use to all industries making fineness tests, this Bureau for .two years has been studying the question of such a standard screen scale. Various scales that have been proposed were considered, and information was sought of representative firms in the various industries interested as to their requirements. Manufacturers of sieves have also been consulted as to the desirability of different screen scales and the practicability of their manufacture. As a result of this study of the question, a conference was called at the Bureau of Standards, Apr. 20, 1916, of representatives of various committees of the American Society for Testing Materials, American Society of Civil Engineers, American Institute of Mining Engineers, American Foundrymen's Association,. [Mining and Metallurgical Society of America, American Water Works Association, American Institute of Metals and the American Spice Trade Association; also representatives of the Committee of Revision of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, the U. S. Geological Survey, the U. S. Bureau of Mines, the U. S. Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering, the U. S. Office of Grain Standardization and the U. S. Bureau of Standards; also representatives of a number of private firms engaged in industries in which sieves are used, such as the glass, the drug milling, the abrasive, the asphalt, the mining, the spice, the chemical, and the graphite industries; also representatives of the firms in this country manufacturing wire cloth and sieves. This Conference, after considering the various screen scales either proposed or now in use, adopted as a Standard Screen Scale that given in Table 1, and recommends that it be adopted generally by scientific,

Jan 6, 1917

(The following list contains the names of those members of the Institute of whose connection with military service we have only recently become acquainted.) BLACKNER, L. A., Capt., Engineers, U. S. A., 217th Engineers (Sapper) Regiment, Camp Beauregard, La. BURKE, JAMES M., Flying Ensign, Naval Aviation. HENNIGER, WALDEMAR F., U. S. Army. JENNINGS, E. B., 2d Lieut., A. S., S. R. C., Aerial Observer. KERNAN, THOMAS, H., U. S. Army. LINTNER, E. J., 2d Lieut., Coast, Artillery. MAZANY, M. S., Lieut., 214th Engineers, Camp Custer, Mich.

Jan 2, 1919