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By M. N. Collison

"In 1960, with the opening of the Chisel Lake mine near Snow Lake, Manitoba, the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Co., Limited, commenced a new phase in their mining operation -that of bringing ore to Flin Flon over 100 miles of railroad.The schedule of operations required to accomplish this, together with an outline of some of the problems of handling ore at 40° and 50,0 below zero, are discussed. The facilities required to thaw and unload from twenty to fifty cars per working day are also described."

Jan 1, 1966

By M. Duncan

Lightweight, high-pressure cylinders for compressed hydrogen storage are essential components for fuel cell vehicles. Storage volume and mass are two key considerations. Current on-board hydrogen storage systems are based on a maximum pressure of 350 bar. While 350 bar systems are excellent solutions for many applications, some situations require higher storage densities due to space restrictions. As a result, significant research and development work has been expended by cylinder manufacturers, systems providers, testing agencies and automotive manufacturers to develop 700 bar systems with reduced storage volumes. Dynetek Industries Ltd. has proactively developed several 700 bar storage cylinders based on a seamless aluminum liner over wrapped with a carbon fiber composite. This paper presents the challenges and processes involved in the design, testing and certification for Dynetek Industries Ltd. 700 bar cylinders. This paper also provides reasoning for further volume and mass optimization of compressed hydrogen cylinders through the establishment of realistic cylinder usage parameters in standards. In particular, the overly conservative fill life requirement for cylinders is examined.

Jan 1, 2005

By A. J. Ren

The ore, dealt with in this paper, is a certain rutile in Shanxi province, China. A trunk flowsheet with gravity concentration is used, and the TiO2 grade of rutile concentrate is about 90%, but the TiO2 recovery is less than 50%. In order to increase the rutile recovery, the laboratory test, using the truck flowsheet with flotation, is carried out. The flowsheet is that firstly floatable gangue is re-moved by flotation; secondly rutile is recovered by flotation; and thirdly impurity is separated by LIMS, HIMS, gravity concentration and flotation from the rutile concentrate. In rutile flotation, BK423, a phosphonic acid, is used as rutile collector, and Na2SiF6 is used as silicates depressant. The experimental result shows that the recovery of rutile concentrate is improved obviously, and the recovery of ultimate rutile concentrate is 68.01% TiO2 and 84.88% rutile. The TiO2 grade of first concentrate is 95.98%, and the TiO2 recovery is 45.60%. The TiO2 grade of second concentrate is 80.53%, and the recovery is 22.41%. Furthermore, magnetite and ilmenite are recovered in the flowsheet.

Jan 1, 2014

By S. E. Malouf, R. Hinse

"The Mineral possibilities of the Chibougamau area were first recognized by Richardson in 1870 and Low in 1885, both of the Geological Survey of Canada. The first record of interest by the Quebec Bureau of Mines is in 1904, when J. Obalski reported on the discovery of copper and asbestos by Peter McKenzie in the previous year. Reports of 1906 and 1907 covered the McKenzie Gold Mine find and other deposits. In 1908 Prof. Dulieux described the quartz vein on Merrill Island and the mineralized zone on the near-by mainland. In 1910 the Chibougamau Railway Commission, though commenting favourably on the possibilities of the area, concluded that a railway was not then warranted.In spite of this, prospecting in the district continued. The main Campbell Chibougamau deposit, the Blake showing on Merrill Island in Dore Lake, was found in 1920, and other discoveries were made soon after. Between 1927 the work of Mawdsley, Retty, and Norman tor the Geological Survey and the Quebec Bureau of Mines stimulated further interest. In 1934 Consolidated Chibougamau Goldfields Ltd., a subsidiary of Consolidated Mining and Smelting Co. of Canada Ltd., acquired the Merrill Island and Cedar Bay holdings of Chibougamau Prospectors Ltd. They embarked on an aggressive campaign, directed essentially at the gold quartz veins at Cedar Bay. Exploration there included a 522-foot shaft, 4,732 feet of drifts and crosscuts, and about 34,000 feet of surface and underground diamond drilling. Thirteen holes were also drilled on the replacement sulphide lens at Merrill Island. Operations were suspended in 1936, as the occurrence was too low grade for development at the existing metal prices and under difficult operating conditions.The completion of the Quebec Bureau of Mines highway from St. Felicien to Chibougamau in 1950 was followed by a project of detailed geological mapping by the Bureau. It also encouraged Campbell Chibou-gamau Mines to acquire the assets of Consolidated Chibougamau Gold-fields and commence a program of surface exploration. Between August 1950 and April 1951, 41,183 feet of diamond drilling was done on the Cedar Bay and Merrill Island holdings. The Blake showing off the west shore of Merrill Island developed at depth into a major orebody. A lease was obtained on adjacent ground from Merrill Island Corporation, and underground work commenced in November 1951. Development at Merrill Island to June 1st, 1955, included a four-compartment shaft to 1,225 feet, with 8 levels at 150-foot intervals, 5,317 feet of raises, 16,709 feet of drifts and crosscuts, 52,514 feet of surface and 96,593 feet of underground diamond drilling."

Jan 1, 1949

By V. A. Chanturiya

The application of High-Power Nanosecond Electromagnetic Pulses (HPEMP) irradiation in dressing of resistant gold- containing ores appears attractive as this technique provides for a significant increase in precious metal recovery (30-80% for gold and 20-50% for silver), therewith helping reduce both energy consumption and the cost of products. The prospects for applying pulsed power technologies in the mineral processing in order to increase the contrast between the flotation properties of raw minerals dictate the need to perform special studies of the effect of HPEMP on the structural state, phase composition, and physical and chemical properties of surfaces of sulfide minerals as the main carriers of precious metals. This study deals with plausible mechanisms of the micro- and nanophases formation on the surfaces of sulfide minerals under the effect of high-power nanosecond electromagnetic pulses (HPEMP) with high electric field strength ~107 V/m. This paper discusses reasons for the changing of flotation behavior of natural pyrite and arsenopyrite during the pulsed-power treatment. It was concluded that HPEMP treatment may be regarded as a tool to change the surface composition and sorption ability of collector (xanthate) onto mineral surface, and, therefore, it allows to control the hydrophobic-hydrophilic surface balance. Single mineral flotation tests have been shown the significant increasing of the pyrite recovery while the arsenopyrite was depressed. The results of gold containing pyrite (pyrrhotite)-arsenopyrite ore flotation in batch approve the decreasing of arsenic recovery in sulfide concentrate. Keywords: pyrite, arsenopyrite, high power nanosecond pulses, activation, selective flotation

Sep 1, 2012

By Takanori Kokubo, Kenta Suzuki, Tomohiro Sasaki, Toshiya Anami

"Previous work has shown that the strengthening Al-Mn alloys with copper leads to the formation of an undesirable reduction in recrystallized grain size. In this study the mechanisms of strengthening and recrystallization behavior in a continuously cast automotive heat exchanger fin stockof Al-1.1wt%Mn-0.5wt%Fe-0.3wt%Si with a0.3wt%Cu addition were investigated. Metallurgical analysis revealed that the Cu strengthening was dominated by the formation of dispersoid particles, while solid solution strengthening decreased with the Cu additions. This result is attributed to the decrease in the amount of Mn solid solution. The post brazing recrystallized grain size was reduced compared to that not containing Cu. It is postulated that the Cu addition leads to a decrease in the amount of Mn in solid solution which leads to a finer grain size. This effect is attributed to Mn in the aluminum matrix inhibiting boundary migration but allowing other grains to grow during heat treatment. The results are rationalized based on particle stimulated nucleation (PSN), wherein dispersoid particles are more likely to become active recrystallization nuclei during the heat treatment. The increase in the number of active dispersoid particles with Cu addition is correlated to the recrystallized grain structure.INTRODUCTIONImprovements in properties such as strength, braze ability and corrosion resistance in thermal fin stock alloys are all means to gain improved efficiency in heat exchangers particularly in automotive applications. While Al-Mn alloys dominate automotive heat exchanger fin stock alloy, even small chemical compositional changes can profoundly influence these properties (Kawaharaet al., 2004; Yoshino et al., 2009). The microstructure (particularly the grain size and shape) also plays a key role in determining the product performance and hence the thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) must also be considered. The casting method (typically conventional direct chill, DC, or continuous casting) significantly influences the properties in no small part due to the very different TMP routes that are used. Continuous casting is generally favored for fin stock applications as its higher cooling rate (which can be 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than DC casting) leads to finer as-solidified intermetallic particles and an increase in super-saturated solid solution elements (such as Mn)that are known to improve fin stock performance such as strength, braze ability(Okiet al., 2008)."

Jan 1, 2018

By L. F. Zeiler

In the past, health concerns in coal mines have primarily centered on those elements which have been essentially inherent to the mining environment. These would include respirable coal mine dust, respirable crystalline silica, excessive noise levels, and diesel exhaust particulates. Commercially-available chemical products are prevalent on mine property. These potentially toxic materials are chemical formulations that can degrease, clean, and lubricate metal parts, separate coal from rock in float/sink operations, and aid in roof consolidation, among other uses. As the general public has become more aware of the hazards of chemical exposures, miners have likewise become more concerned about working with an ever-expanding variety of chemical products on the job. Often, product or chemical specific hazard communication training is inadequate or ineffective, and miners do not know exactly what the ingredients are in the products they handle, or the health hazards involved with their use or misuse. Currently, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), by law, enforces 1972 Threshold Limit Values (TLV). MSHA is making preparations to adopt new personal exposure limits for enforcement. The values given throughout the article are 1994 TLV's and are not enforcement standards, but are used for discussion purposes. They reflect the current scientific thinking regarding personal exposure to these chemical agents. An overview of these products is presented, and the potential health hazards associated with their use are discussed. Controls needed to prevent overexposures, such as proper handling procedures and personal protective equipment, are covered. Methods used to collect and identify contaminants are presented.

Jan 1, 1995

By A. K. Fallaw, G. Wang, L. R. Moore, S. Dobson, Y. Xiong, J. Gu

"As ores degrade, mining techniques and chemistries change to meet market demand and maintain product quality. The balance of recovery and grade is a significant challenge in the Crago Process where an anionic collector is used to float phosphate, followed by acid scrubbing, then an amine float to improve product grade. As the grade is a requirement for DAP and MAP production, recovery is the criteria to suffer. Phosphate losses in the amine float can bring overall recovery down by as much as 18%, creating a growing need to think outside the box to improve recovery. This paper will focus on the theory of amine tail recycling and the best methods to optimize the overall phosphate recovery by recycling the tails from the cleaner flotation step. INTRODUCTION In 2014 the total US phosphate production was down 13% over the prior year, from 31.9 to 27.1 Mt, which accounts for 12.32% of the world’s phosphate rock production. Florida and North Carolina phosphate production accounted for 80% of total US phosphate production, which was down from 85% the previous year. This decline is due in part to the closing of the last phosphate mine in Polk County, FL - which had an operating phosphate mine for over 100 years (Gurr, 2015). Another factor contributing to the reduction in contribution from FL & NC is the increasing challenges in beneficiating the remaining ore deposits. The Central Florida mining district has historically been in the Bone Valley deposit, where raw apatite was abundant with P2O5 values as high as 15%. The Bone Valley ore also had characteristics favorable to beneficiation to 27.5-29.7 %P2O5 while achieving recoveries above 86%. The move southward into the Hawthorne Formation has seen the ore feed grade hit some historic lows, and the matrix characteristics pose more challenges to phosphate producers. The Hawthorne Formation experienced lateritic weathering after the Bone Valley formation which altered the apatite to aluminum phosphate minerals, and alteration of montmorillonite to kaolinite, releasing MgO that caused the dolomitization of the top of the Hawthorne limestone (Cathcart, 1966). Elevated levels of dolomite can yield an increase in slurry viscosities, reduce production rates, and increase energy costs in the wet-acid fertilizer process. The MgO will also act to dilute grade, making it more difficult to achieve a standard 18-46-0 product (McHardy, 1981)."

Jan 1, 2016

By M. G. Beukes

"In South Africa most of the large gold mines operate between 1500m and 4500m below surface where reef is accessed initially through a vertical shaft system then via a network of tunnels and mined in either a longwall, sequential grid or scattered mining configuration. Due to the complexity of the ventilation networks used to ventilate these mines and the potential disastrous consequences associated with underground fires, it is of utmost importance that these mines are managed in such a way that underground fires are prevented. However, if they do occur the fires are managed to firstly prevent the loss of life and secondly protect the infrastructure and viability of the mine. The aim of this paper will be to: • Discuss current SA mining legislation regarding underground fire prevention and control. • Examine these fires from a risk management perspective by means of a bowtie assessment. • List and discuss the major Threats and Consequences as determined by the bowtie assessment. • Discuss the various prevention and consequence controls for deep level underground fires. • Examine how to effectively run an emergency control room. From this, a practical way of designing, implementing and managing an underground fire management system is explored. Lastly, the paper identifies new technology and ways of thinking and how these can be used to combat underground fires. INTRODUCTION The orebodies of South African gold mines are generally narrow tabular structures that vary in thickness between 0.8m and 1.2m with an inclination of between 200 and 700. This, coupled with depths of between 1500m and 4500m, as well as the unpredictable geology, creates unique challenges and significantly impacts on mine designs and mining methods. In general, gold bearing reefs are accessed initially through a vertical shaft system then via a network of tunnels and mined in either a longwall, sequential grid or scattered mining configuration (Figure 1). Mining is very labour intensive with very limited mechanisation opportunities and this increases the risk to human life if an underground fire occurs. On 16 September 1986, one of the worst mining disasters in SA mining history took place when 177 mineworkers were killed at Kinross Mine. An acetylene tank sparked flames that swept through the mining tunnel igniting plastic covering on the wiring and the flames also set fire to polyurethane foam. The burning plastic combined with polyurethane and the toxic fumes that filled the shafts caused the miners death. This incident was a stark reminder of the serious consequence that underground fires can have on human life as well as the crippling financial and asset impact for the mining companies. Over the past thirty years, the SA mining industry reduced the number of mine fires significantly by replacing normal timber support with fire retardant treated timber, alternative support systems such as backfill and elongate support and many other fire prevention initiatives. Although the number of fire incidents and number of fatalities due to fires does not show a direct correlation because of various factors, the controls put in place against fires has had an impact on the number of fire and explosion fatalities (Figure 2)."

Jan 1, 2019

By Bradford P. Simser

The theoretical capacity of various ground support components can be misleading, especially in bursting ground where the failure mode is often in the retainment system. Wire mesh screen seams often peel open rather than breaking the wire strands, fractured rock often un-ravels around the bolts rather than breaking the bars. If a weak link(s) in the system fails prematurely, then the potential capacity of the system may never be fully realized. Underground observations are used to show how some support systems behave in the field. Various combinations of wire mesh screen with friction bolts, rebar, modified conebolts, cablebolts, shotcrete and mechanical rockbolts are considered. A short case history is used to contrast the performance of ?just-intime? development in a high stress faulted area versus a tunnel subjected to multiple stress changes in a similar environment. The latter proved to be a serious ground support problem when the well developed fracture zone around the opening was subjected to dynamic loading from a large seismic event causing a severe rockburst. In such cases an improved mining strategy may be more relevant than higher capacity support systems.

Feb 1, 2008

By T. Fujita

The incinerated bottom ash includes titanium oxides and a small amount of chromium oxides. Initially, 89 % of chromium was removed from ash at magnetic flux density at several stages of wet magnetic separation from 0.05 T to 6 T. The bottom ash from an industrial waste incineration process includes about 10 % of TiO2. The minerals that contain titanium are rutile and perovskite. These minerals are paramagnetic and show low magnetic susceptibility, therefore, the high magnetic field strength, created by a superconducting magnet, is necessary to capture these minerals. At the first stage of separation, a magnetic field strength of 6T was applied in order to attract the particles that contain iron oxides to the higher magnetic field region. At the second stage of separation, the magnetic capture rate of weekly magnetic particles decreased with increasing the magnetic susceptibility of the aqueous solution (i.e. the medium for dispersing the particles) in order to separate the highly magnetic materials. The para-magnetic salt such as ferric chloride was dissolved in the water to increase the magnetic susceptibility of the medium. After a two-step wet HGMS with superconducting magnet, the grade of TiO2was increased from 10 % to 28 % with a recovery of 64 %.

Jan 1, 2014

By N. S. Dalal, X. Shi, V. Vallyathan

"Electron spin resonance (ESRJ spectrum of the hydroxyl (· OH) radical spin adduct with .the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolintt-N-oxide has been obtained in suspensions of freshly ground quartz particles. The concentration of the spin adduct (and hence of the • OH radicals) increases with the amount of grinding. The dust's potential for the generation of the· OH radicals is maximum when fresh (i.e., immediately after grinding) and decreases to 50% in about a day on storage in air. Studies involving metal chelates .indicate that the • OH radical formation involves mainly the silica surface and H20 rather than the Fenton reaction. The results suggest that hydroxyl radical reaction(s) could be important in the lipid peroxidation and fibrogenicity by quartz dust, particularly .in acute silicosis. INTRODUCTIONIn this paper we report on our electron spin resonance (ESR) detection of the formation of hydroxyl (·OH) radicals in aqueous suspensions of freshly crushed quartz particles. This work was undertaken with a view to find possible clues to the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of quartz-induced fibrogenicity, commonly known as silicosis. We noted that while silicosis is one of the major health hazards in coal and mineral industries, the mechanism by which the quartz particles exert their toxic action on cells and the process(es) by which these actions progress to fibrogenesis are still poorly ·understood (Reiser and Last, 1979; Singh and .Rahman, 1987). It is generally thought, nevertheless, that the action of quartz particles on the biological membranes is the starting point of the silicotic process (Parazzi et - al., 1968). A possible clue to the mechanism of the membrane damage by quartz particles, in terms of the role of oxygenated free radicals, is suggested by the following observations. A suspension of quartz particles in contact with alveolar macrophages has been reported (Gabor et al., 1975; Koike et al., 1982) to initiate an enhancement of lipid peroxidation, defined broadly as the oxidative deterioration of polyunsaturated components of lipids. Hydroxyl (· OH) radicals are known to be capable of peroxidation by abstracting hydrogen atoms from cell-membrane lipids (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1985) and of initiating lipid peroxidation in lysosomal membranes. (Fong et al., 1973). Arong other lines, it is known that exposure of cell membranes, fatty acids, and unsaturated food oils to ionizing radiation, which generates· OH radicals, causes rapid peroxidation (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1985). Thus • OH radicals (and also other oxygenated species such as Oi, 10 2, and H20 2) might be expected to play a role in the toxicity of quartz. Earlier studies of the aqueous chemistry of quartz suspensions have reported detection of H2O 2 (Kalbanev et al., 1980), implicating the formation of ·OH radicals as transient species. However, we are not aware of any report of the detection of • OH radicals in quartz reactions, and thus the present study was undertaken. Since it-is known that, because of their high reactivity (hence short lifetime) in aqueous media, the • OH radicals cannot be detected via ESR directly (Finkelstein et al., 1980; Buettner, 1982) we have used .ESR combined with the spin-trap methodology (Finkelstein et al., 1980) for studying the· OH formation. The results show that· OH radicals are indeed formed in aqueous suspensions of freshly ground quartz; thus pointing to ·a possible new clue to the cytotoxicity of freshly formed quartz particles and thereby to silica fibrogenicity."

Jan 1, 1988

By A. J. Getz

The paper reviews the status of the major precious metals projects in Australia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, the Philippines, and New Zealand. The projects may be at the stage of exploration, development, operation, or expansion. The paper covers project location, reserves, method of resource exploitation, anticipated production, and other unique conditions.

Jan 1, 1990

By D. B. Nazzer

"ANY DISCUSSION of energy today is incomplete without consideration of nuclear energy. In the Maritimes, with plentiful supplies of coal, with relatively easy availabilty of imported oil brought in to the deepwater terminals, with future sources of large supplies of oil and gas anticipated from under our neighbouring continental shelf, and with the Fundy tides, you may question why nuclear energy should be considered. What follows may not give you a specific answer to that question, but it may provide a basis for better understanding. Energy from the sun, from hydraulic sources and from combustion has been available to man from prehistoric times, for thousands of years, but the most sophisticated source of energy, the actual conversion of matter into energy by man, has been developed entirely within the last one-third century, since the discovery of fission in 1939, and the application to generation of electric power has all been done within a generation or less. The pressure of military needs during and after the second world war was largely responsible for the speed of initial development, by funding and focussing the effort needed to develop the basic technology, and in particular materials. The U.S. defence program yielded, for example, the large-scale isotope separation processes for fissile U'35 and for heavy water. The nuclear submarine program yielded zircaloy, a key structural material for the core of the Canadian Candu type reactor."

Jan 1, 1972

By Karsten Hagenah, Tor Jensen, Jens Laugesen, Øyvind Fjukmoen, Lucy Brooks

This paper discusses operational environmental threshold levels for exploitation of mineral resources in the deep sea. Such criteria are needed to be able to monitor and control deep sea mining with respect to the stringent environmental requirements that are needed. It is recommended to use existing environmental threshold levels for comparable underwater activities. Fields of application are mainly but not exclusively seabed mining operation activities under the governance of the International Seabed Authority (ISA). The threshold levels and limits mentioned in this paper are proposed recommendations based on other activities than seabed mining but are a proven and accepted approach in other maritime industry activities. An example of such other activities with proven and accepted environmental threshold levels are Oil & Gas exploitation activities in the sea. Background The first exploitation of mineral resources in international waters is coming closer. Presently regulations for exploitation for mineral resources in the Area are being developed by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). The ISA regulations will contain the framework related to environmental monitoring of exploitation. However, the regulations will not contain operational environmental threshold levels for the Contractor.

Jan 1, 2018

By J. David Chapman

There are a variety of choices of materials for mineral extraction processing. Traditionally, end users have used metallic piping for fluid handling and little is known about the advantages (or limitations) of non-metallic piping systems. This presentation will review custom FRP pipe systems and their use in severe corrosive and erosive process streams. These systems can be designed to various pressure and temperature ratings and different components (such as resin and glass type) can be varied to suit the process conditions

By Jeffrey H. Welsh

This report presents a study on the use of computerized, continuous remote monitoring systems for fire and explosive atmosphere safety in underground coal mines. The effects of these systems on the safety level in mines are investigated, and the relationship between mine safety regulations and computerized, continuous, remote monitoring is analyzed.

Jan 1, 1982

By W. Irwin

Global warming hitherto viewed as a distant threat to the environment, is now the subject of fierce goo-political debate. The debate centres around the time frame required to achieve environmental compliance, and the cost implications of meeting that objective. Since coal is the fuel of choice for power generation, the priority objective of energy producers is the pursuit of environmental protection measures that allow coal to be burned without any attendant negative impact on the environment. From an environmental point of view, public attention is today firmly focused on the impact that all industrial activity has on the environment, and coal is singled out from other fossil fuels as being the product of an inefficient smokestack industry. Despite coal's poor public image it is unrealistic to suggest as some do, that use of this fossil fuel as a primary energy source should be drastically curtailed. Coal which already generates about 35% of the world's electricity is continuing to increase its share of this rapidly expanding market, and to argue against its use is flying in the face of reality. However, changes are required in the way coal is used in some of the new clean coal technologies, since many include advanced methods of combustion. Indeed changes in the way coal is used is a vital link to the future of coal as a primary source of energy, and increased coal utilization will be directly linked to changes in its use. Discussion of various issues that affect coal utilization are the focus of this paper.

Jan 1, 1998

By Dennis E. Bell

"This paper describes exploration and development to 1982 in the southern half of the northeastern British Columbia (Peace River or Northeast Block) inner foothills metallurgical coal belt. Gates Formation, Fort St. John Group, is the primary target; Gething Formation, Bullhead Group, is secondary. This part of the belt remains wilderness when compared to its other parts. Practical formational and structural mapping is described. A local problem known as the Secus Mountain or Mount Belcourt conglomerates is discussed. The three major explorers have been Denison Mines, PetroCanada, and Crows Nest Resources, all with partners. Initial mine construction and rail spur construction are continuing. The new town of Tumbler Ridge is being built. Introduction This paper describes exploration and development to 1982 in the southern half of the northeast British Columbia metallurgical coal belt. The area (Fig. 1) trends 120 km northwest from the Alberta border to the Wolverine River and Bullmoose Creek. The belt averages 15 km in width, and is 20 km at its widest. Physiographically, the area is dominated by rugged inner foothills, with relief to 1,500 m. The trend of the structures is transected by a dozen rivers flowing southwest to northeast away from the Continental Divide. The Rockies, lying immediately to the west, control the climate. One fact continues to colour all coal work in the area. When compared to the other parts of the western Canadian foothills and Rockies coking belt, it remains the least accessible and least mapped portion. Lack of access also makes all work expensive. Current activity centres about two mines in construction at the northwestern end of the area. Denison Mines and partners are developing their Quintette project, and Teck Corporation and partners are developing their Bullmoose project. PetroCanada and partners have intensively explored their Monkman-Duke Mounta,in project, but mine construction awaits better economic times. The rest of the area remains lightly explored, with the exception of some intensive work on particular structures by Denison and Petro-Canada. The focus of coal work has been metallurgical bituminous coal seams contained primarily in the Gates Formation (Fig. 2) and secondarily in the Gething Formation. These formations are found in generally en-echelon structures ranging to several kilometres in width."

Jan 1, 1985

By A K. Ghosh

"Inrush of water is always an issue, especially for mines located in heavy rainfall areas. Nowadays, mining companies and research institutes have developed many advanced technologies for study and analysis of hydrological processes. In this paper, an advanced method is introduced, which uses the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) data in the Geographical Information System (GIS) platform to simulate the stream distributions around two specific mines: Super Pit and Griffin coalmine in Western Australia. The impact of this approach is important because it reduces the time and economic cost by creating a high spatial resolution hydrological map in the specific areas. The study identifies the flow path of the run-off water, which helps in adopting a suitable water management plan surrounding the case study mines. The results match with the ground reality. Based on the results, the stream structure around Griffin coalmine is more complicated than that of Super Pit. The bifurcation ratio and drainage density are computed to estimate the subsoil permeability characteristics of the two mines. Recommendations have been put forward to prevent and reduce the potential risks of water accumulation around the open pit mines.Citation:Ghosh, A K, 2016. Application of Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Data in Hydrological Analyses of Super Pit and Griffin Coal Mine, in Proceedings Ninth AusIMM Open Pit Operators' Conference 2016, pp 162–169 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Nov 15, 2016