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"These guidelines set out information on timely disclosure of news releases which are intended to provide, existing shareholders and potential investors, factual information on which a reasoned investment decision can be made.Consider the problems and concerns raised by the following hypothetical news releases:Natural Resource Company""The Company has recently optioned a large and exciting gold property near the ""XXX"" gold discovery area. In describing the property, the Company's independent consultant has said: ""The favourable location of, and some of the results of prior work done on the property give the Company a worthwhile mineral exploration opportunity .... "". The Company proposes to expeditiously conduct a sizeable exploration program on the property as soon as the appropriate financing has been arranged.""Non-Resource Company""Based on discussions with several European countries, the Company anticipates that it will have orders to ship over 200,000 crates of widgets to those European countries over the next two years. These orders, which considerably exceed the Company's forecasts for the first year, represent a projected profit to the Company in excess of $1,000,000 over the next five year period.""GuidelinesTimely disclosure news releases are intended to provide, to both existing shareholders and potential investors, factual information on which a reasoned investment decision can be made. National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects provides requirements for disclosure of a scientific or technical nature for a mineral resource company.The examples do not provide sufficient detail and are misleading because material information is omitted. The following guidelines should be observed when preparing a news release:"

Jan 1, 2003

By S. Rash Ahmadi

One of the most important elements in power plants is rotors and repairing the damaged rotors is very important in view point of economics. One of the most complicated problems in power plants is increasing of stiffness of the turbine rotors. This problem which occurs mainly due to thermal shock or rubbing makes to exit damaged rotor from service. These elements can be repaired effectively by heat treatment methods. Tempering heat treatment is the most common solution for straightening of damaged rotors but it requires having good knowledge about heat treatment parameters (temperature and time) and their affects on fundamental properties of rotors. In this article, a suitable method is introduced in order to modify the increased stiffness in journal part of rotors due to martensite transformation, using heat treatment tempering process.

Oct 1, 2011

By A Sadough Vanini

In this paper large deformation of smart functionally graded beams with initial imperfection and under thermal loadings is considered. Smart beam consist of two types of layers. One layer is made from functionally graded materials and a layer or a set of layers from active materials that usually is made from piezoelectric materials that are bounded on the surfaces of beam. An active controller is used for controlling the deformation and stress in functionally graded layer of beam. A simple Euler- Bernoulli beam theory is used for analyzing of beam. In functionally graded layer the material property vary continuously through the thickness direction and power law model is used for the variation of elastic modulus, heat expansion and heat conduction coefficients. Poisson ratio is assumed to be constant in functionally graded layer. The effects of varying the power law constants and the Gain of controller is considered here. The results are reduced and compared with smart functionally graded beam without initial imperfections.

Oct 1, 2011

By S. Rash Ahmadi

Thin brittle coatings are deposited or developed on component surfaces for different reasons. In many practical applications the coatings are stressed by externally applied loads. Under such conditions, coating failure can occur. In this paper the probability of the extension of surface crack in coated materials due to cylindrical sliding indentation is analyzed. Contact loading problems typically result in multi-axle and strongly inhomogeneous stress fields near the contact surface. This property which strongly affects the stress intensity factors is taken into account in the failure analysis. Edge cracks were selected to model the actually accruing surface flaws. A suitable method is described for calculating the contact stress fields in coating and substrate. The coating is idealized as a brittle-elastic layer of uniform thickness, which is bonded to the surface of a half space. Method of linear elastic fracture mechanics are then used to calculate the load required to cause fracture in the coating.

Oct 1, 2011

By B. D. Frater

Geometallurgy or process mineralogy is an integrated part of the scoping, pre-feasibility and feasibility phases of a project as well as an existing operation. A well planned and executed geometallurgical testwork programme during the early phases, will result in a more accurate decision making process during the selection phase. The better this integration between geological, mining and metallurgical data gathering during the early phases, the more accurate the predictions will be with regards to throughput and recovery during modelling and process and equipment selection in later phases. This will enhance and improve the mine and process scheduling and subsequent NPV. Geometallurgical information gathered during plant operation and testwork can for example be used to statistically model the pit optimisation, plant throughput and optimise the plant for certain feed material (characterised by statistical models).

Jan 1, 2017

By T. Ward, K. Shah, K. Murray

The mining industry is processing deposits with ever decreasing grade at ever increasing operating costs while margins are under constant pressure by material substitution and recycling. We are reaching the point where building it bigger just isn’t good enough as social and environmental constraints become more intense. In response to the growing demands on our industry, Goldcorp has embarked on a journey to increase resources by converting Waste to Ore. Gravity pre-concentration and sensor sorting testwork has been completed on samples from our Canadian operations in order to determine the amenability of our mineralized waste to sorting and upgrading. As expected some material was amenable to sorting and a review of the economics supported demonstration plant testing. The ability to economically sort mineralized waste into ore and barren rock is being demonstrated by Goldcorp. It has been made possible by leveraging the experience mineral sizer manufacturers have gained in the oil sands and hard rock applications, seeking more energy efficient screening machines and embracing the advancements that ore and recycling sorter suppliers have achieved. The paper will discuss the testwork and results achieved to date from both the lab and demonstration plant.

Jan 1, 2018

By Sadough vanini Ali

Charpy impact energy of functionally graded steels produced by electroslag remelting in crack divider configuration has been modeled in various strain rates. It has been well known that majority of materials indicate different behaviors under different strain rates and temperatures. Therefore, modifying the elastic-plastic model considering the effects of strain rates and temperature gives us an acceptable prediction of these composites behaviors in impact test. In this investigation, graded steel was divided in to several layers in which the layers have the same strains under the impact. Constitutive equation describing the flow stress variations as a function of strain rates and temperatures, have been used to express the stressstrain behavior of layers. The parameter values of constitutive equation determined for all the layers via using the boundary conditions based on composite graded behaviors which were the characterized ferrite, austenite, bainite and martensitte phases. Consequently by applying the rule of phase mixtures and ascribing the impact energy of each layer to the area of stress-strain curve of the same layer, the whole impact energy of composite is the sum of layers impact energy with considering the layers volume fraction.

Oct 1, 2011

"The standards set out requirements of the Toronto Stock Exchange for company’s providing information to investors, regulators and/or the media regarding their mineral properties. In addition, information contained in new releases, continuous disclosure documents [annual report], or other forms of communication [printed investor relations materials and electronic publications] are also subject to these standards.1.0 INTRODUCTIONThe disclosure of the results of exploration and development activity on mineral properties mustcomply with the requirements of the Toronto Stock Exchange Policy Statement on Timely Disclosure, theOntario Securities Act and all applicable policies and rules of the Ontario Securities Commission and anyother securities regulatory body having jurisdiction over an issuer listed on the Exchange. In particular,the requirements of National Instrument 43-101 must be followed.The purpose of the standards is to set out the requirements of the Toronto Stock Exchange when acompany provides information to investors, regulators and/or the media regarding its properties, whethersuch information is contained in a news release, a continuous disclosure document such as an annualreport, or other form of communication, including, but not limited to, printed investor relations material andelectronic publications such as Internet Web sites. These standards do not apply to prospectuses orlisting applications, the standards for which are contained in the policies and rules of the securitiescommissions and the Exchange. These standards are also not intended to establish requirements for thecontent of technical reports.Any information published by or on behalf of a company must comply with these standards. If acompany becomes aware of information published by others regarding its mineral properties which ismaterially misleading to investors, it should take appropriate action to correct such information orotherwise make it known that it is not responsible for publishing such information and does notnecessarily agree with such statements.Disclosure concerning mineral properties should identify the ""qualified person"" as defined in NI 43-101 who is responsible for the work conducted on the property and such person shall have read andapproved of the technical disclosure."

Jan 1, 2003

By I. Colquhoun

Current practice tends towards "integrity as an afterthought". That is, integrity is treated as an isolated aspect of operations and maintenance. In fact, this works quite well. But it would work so much better and with less uncertainty if integrity management measures were introduced at the design phase and addressed the entire life-cycle of the pipeline asset. The talk will address the measures and metrics that can be implemented on a new pipeline during design to optimize integrity and deliver a comprehensive operating manual and integrity management program for the pipeline system. This deliverable should describe the risks to be assessed and monitored, and the actions to be taken to control these risk adequately. Properly executed, integrity by design will provide a good working estimate of the life-cycle integrity management costs and maximize system reliability.

Jan 1, 2005

By S. Rash Ahmadi

Welding is highly reliable and efficient metal joining process. In welding the metal adjacent to the weld joint is subjected to severe thermal conditions. As a result, complex changes in metallurgical structure occur in this region. These changes in structure depend on the material and the temperature history experienced. Friction stir welding (FSW) is relatively a new welding process in which, heat is generated by friction between the tool and the workpiece. The amount of heat conducted into the workpiece determines the quality of weld, residual stress and distortion of the workpiece. The objective of the current work is to study the transient temperature in a friction stir welding. So, a three dimensional transient analytical model is used to study the thermal distribution during the welding. Heat input from the tool shoulder alone is considered in the model. The process parameters like axial load, welding speed and tool rotational speed, used in actual FSW process are taken to build the model. This analytical model is very useful for select the optimized affected parameters in friction stir welding. The model illustrates the comprehensive equation including actual affected parameters in FSW and it can be used for different materials. In addition to the above the thermal history finds application in design of welding tools.

Oct 1, 2011

By P. H. Shipway, D. G. McCartney, H. Saghafifar

The microstructural changes during thermal ageing at 650ºC in the interfacial region of Alloy 625 weld overlay on a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was evaluated. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy in SE and BSE modes, electron probe microanalysis and hardness mapping were used to characterize as-welded microstructure and its changes during thermal ageing and precipitates of interfacial region. Carbon migration across the interface was recognised as a major issue. A region of 300 µm wide adjacent to the fusion line, which was found harder in the as-welded condition decarburized during thermal exposure. Studies revealed that this region transformed to a soft region containing large ferrite grains and micron-sized carbides. In the weld overlay, a 50 µm wide hard band (over 650 Kgf mm-2) adjacent to the fusion line formed and carbide precipitates were observed along grain boundaries. Carbide precipitation mostly occured in the 150 µm wide region close to fusion line.

Jan 1, 2017

By S. A. Sadough vanini

In this paper, Stress-Strain-Temperature relations for Shape Memory Alloys are studied. Temperature effects on Shape Memory Alloys are different from those related to ordinary materials. In ordinary materials, elastic characteristics can be assumed to be constant in low temperature ranges, and only the deflection arising from temperature changes could be added to the elastic defection. As long as two phases of austenite and martensite could be present in Shape Memory Alloys simultaneously, elastic modulus follows temperature and temperature gradient. In continue a smart actuator is investigated considering a homogeneous cantilever beam. Beam bending is established by using shape memory wires. An initial strain is imposed to shape memory wires in a low temperature, and then, they are installed in the outer surface of the beam. Therefore, since the temperature is imposed in these wires and they cannot have free recovery strain, the compressive recovery stress will be produced in the outer surface. This will result in a deflection in axial direction of the beam. At first, beam deflection is calculated on the basis of theoretical relations and solving the relevant differential equations. Afterwards, experimental tests are performed on an elastomeric beam equipped with shape memory wires. When a voltage is applied, a temperature rise will occur in the wires; then, this temperature rise causes a deflection in the beam. Finally, the theoretical and experimental results? comparison indicates a good conformity. One capability of this actuator is its high flexibility, and by controlling the inlet current, the end-beam deflection can be controlled.

Oct 1, 2011

By Mark Hollingworth

"There is general consensus that as the world continues to change at an ever-increasing pace, companies must continually adapt their operations in order to remain competitive. Those that change fast enough, survive; those that don’t, perish quickly. Today, we hear that it is not worth the time preparing corporate business plans as they are out-of-date before the ink is dry. Within the corporate environment of the 1990s, we must “think” strategically, be a “learning organization”, keep our costs low, focus on our core competencies, stay as flexible as possible and create value. So-called “sustainable competitive advantages” can be obsolete before a patent is issued — if its even worthwhile patenting the advancement. This is industry in the 1990s.Now, while all this radical change has been underway in the global industrial environment, what have Canada’s universities been doing to keep pace with the change affecting one of their major stakeholders? Have they adapted their products and services to suit the new market conditions? Have they built closer links to industry to try to understand how better to serve this important client? Do they welcome industry input as to how to redefine their mission, objectives, strategies or their course contents? Do their students graduate with skills ideally tailored for the global mining industry? In the era of communication, can they write high quality reports in English, never mind speak French or Spanish?In an effort to provide Canada’s engineering faculties with a “blueprint” for the future, the Canadian Academy of Engineering pre-pared a report entitled “Engineering Education in Canadian Universities”, published in August1993, which concluded with the following recommendations:"

Jan 1, 1996

By C. L. Monroe

It has been the custom in recent years to look upon Atlin as a worked-out placer camp. This is a conception, however, which is far from the real situation. The placer-gold deposits of Atlin are today, after thirty-one years of continuous working, a field well worth the attention of the mining world. It is true that the shallow diggings (the 'easy money') have been practically cleaned out, but although there have been perhaps ten millions, or more, in gold already taken from the district, there are still many more millions left in the creek beds . A conservative estimate of the gold still remaining in one creek alone, Spruce creek, for a long time known as the 'prospector's meal ticket', would place the amount at anywhere from fifteen to twenty million .dollars, and there are a number of other creeks that have never been thoroughly worked, and some only partially prospected. That the true situation is beginning to be recognized by those who are on the lookout for a profitable field for investment, is born out by the fact that, within the last few years, New York capital directed by Mr. Charles V. Bob, who is also responsible for the opening up of the Engineer mine, has installed on Pine creek, where the first discovery of gold in the district was made, one of the largest hydraulic mining plants on the continent, utilizing six miles of the old hydraulic ditch of the Discovery Mining and Power Company, and over two miles of pipe line. On Boulder creek, where already two millions have been taken out, the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company are on their third year of development work in opening up the unworked ground, while on Otter creek a newly organized French company have started a plan of development which will involve an expenditure in the neighbourhood of $200,000, and two or three years' work, before they can hope to find gold in paying quantities. It is probably safe to prophesy that placer gold will be produced in the Atlin district for the next fifty years

Jan 1, 1929

By P. Au, R. Kearsey, D. Y. Seo, Patnaik. P. C.

Three nickel based superalloys (7.5%Cr+5%Co+2%Mo+1%Ti+5%Al and Ni balance (wt%)) containing different amounts of W and Re were produced in the single crystal (SX) condition utilizing the Bridgman casting process. First, the effect of different levels of Re, and W on chemical microsegregation were investigated by EPMA quantitative analysis, and eutectic phase fraction analysis. Second, in order to investigate the effect of these refractory elements addition on oxidation behaviour, isothermal oxidation testing of the SX nickel based superalloys was conducted at 1000°C for 277 hours under 3 ppm moisture content of air in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). All three SX nickel based superalloys revealed an excellent SX solidification structure with a common primary dendrite arm spacing of -250 µm and a large fraction of ?/?' eutectic located between the secondary dendrite arms. From the average EPMA compositional results, with the exception of Ni, elements such as Cr, Co, Re, Mo, and W all tended to segregate towards the dendrite core during solidification, while Al, Ti, and Ta were present in greater quantity in the last liquid phase to solidify, which resulted in large eutectic ?/? ' phases to form within the interdendritic regions. As the nominal level of Re increased, microsegreagation of Re, W, Cr and Mo increased, indicating that Re had a much greater influence on partitioning behavior compared to W. Figure la shows the specific mass gain as a function of exposure time for each alloy. An alloy with 2wt% of W and Re (Alloy B) exhibited less weight gain compared to two other alloys with either higher content of W or Re (Alloy A and C). Microstructural and compositional analyses of oxidized samples were conducted using SEM and EDS. Figure lb shows the typical surface morphologies of the oxidized Alloys A and B. It is evident that more oxide nodules (indicated by arrows in the figure) were presented in Alloy A. It is speculated that the amount of these nodules was responsible for more mass gain in Alloy A compared to the two other alloys. From the examination of the longitudinal section of the oxidized samples as shown in Figure 2, for Alloy A, nodules actually penetrated deep into the material. For Alloy B, however, a relatively uniform and continuous oxide layer was developed and deeply attacked areas were not observed. It was also found that preferential oxidized regions were located at the area between the ?/?' eutectic phase and the dendrite arms where the concentration of refractory elements was relatively high. Therefore, it is plausible that the oxidation kinetics of these alloys is related to the extent of microsegregation.

Jan 1, 2004

By H. O. Olsen

"GeneralTHE IRON ORE at Marmora is a replacement deposit of Precambrian limestone and is overlain with Palaeozoic limestone. It is a low-grade magnetite deposit and the ore will require concentration be-fore it can be used economically for the production of iron and steel.Present plans estimate an annual production of 500,000 tons of concentrate in the form of pellets. This will require mining approximately two million tons of ore and\ waste annually. Shipment of pellets from Marmora to a ship-loading dock at Picton will be made by rail on a year-'round basis. Shipments from Picton to the Lackawanna plant of the Bethlehem Steel Company at Buffalo, N.Y., will be carried on during the Lake shipping season.LocationThe mine, located a mile southeast of Marmora village in Hastings county, Ontario, is 31 miles north of Belleville and 3•7 miles east of Peterborough. Marmora is 130 miles from Toronto and 150 miles from Ottawa. Highway No. 7 passes half a mile north of the mine and Highway No. 14 half a mile west of the mine. The Canadian National railways' branch line between Trenton and Bancroft passes through the property just east of the open pit.HistoryThe Ontario Department of Mines conducted an airborne magnetic survey of the district during 1948 and 1949. Maps of this survey were released to the public early in 1950. Bethlehem representatives carried out ground surveys in the Marmora area shortly thereafter and in June, 1950, commenced diamond drilling."

Jan 1, 1955

By R. C. Rowe

DR. W. F. GRAY (Contributed discussion, presented at meeting by Mr. S. C. Mifilen): Mr. Rowe's suggestion that the Institute should organize itself to interpret the needs of the mining industry to federal and provincial mines departments should commend itself to our membership as sensible and practical, and as one which these public administrative bodies may welcome. One has to start with the premise that those who head the departments of mines in question have the welfare of the industry at heart. Also, it must be postulated that the technical viewpoint of our membership is necessarily free of political considerations. With these reservations, one ventures to state that both Mr. Rowe in his communication to the present session of the Institute, and Professor M. Y. Williams in his earlier communication to the Western Meeting, on The Geological Survey and Mining Development (1), voice the regret general among our membership at the abandonment of the honoured name, and to some extent of the status, of the Geological Survey of Canada. The writer, in 1932, devoted his Presidential Address to the Institute to an appreciation of the value to Canadian mining of the Geological Survey of Canada (2), affirming the desire of the Institute "that the work of the Survey shall be maintained at the highest pitch of efficiency the resources of our country will permit, because, to scrimp expenses on the Survey, is 'to save at the spigot and lose at the bunghole'." He believes that is still the opinion of the Institute, and, if contraction of the usefulness of the Survey is feared by our members at this time, it is incumbent upon the Institute, in fairness to those who direct our government, to say so in precise and explicit terms. Mr. Rowe puts the situation pithily when he writes: "We have reached a stage in our development where a stock-taking and co-ordination of existing knowledge and data is essential. This is a part of that basic function of Dominion mineral technical services which is national and not provincial in its scope".

Jan 1, 1939

By Abhilash

Uranium is conventionally extracted using a process that employs strong acid (H2SO4) and an oxidant (MnO2) as leaching agents. This method often creates environmental problems, requires large amounts of energy, and involves a complex operational plant. It is not, however, economically attractive to extract uranium from low-grade ores by chemical leaching. Because the content of U3O8 in the Indian ore is usually below 0.1% by weight, it is necessary to develop an alternative process to enable the efficient and economic recovery of uranium. Uranium ore from the Narwapahar mines, UCIL is a type of vein deposit found in India, which accounts for ~54% in India. The ore (0.047% U3O8), though of Singhbhum area, possess exceptionally different mineralogy due to presence of some refractory minerals and richness of apatite (5%) resulting in a maximum 78% recovery through conventional processing at UCIL, with a very high consumption of sulfuric acid and pyrolusite, besides possible loss of uranium as uranium phosphate. To avoid usage of environmentally non-benign oxidants, remediation of influence of phosphates, and improve the overall process output of uranium; an alternate extraction technology using microbial isolate(s) is worthwhile exploring and the same is presented in the paper. The microbial isolate enriched with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans grown from source mine water was employed for bio-leaching of uranium while varying pH, pulp density (PD), particle size, etc. On varying pH at 35oC using 20%(w/v) PD and <75µm particle size, 83.5% and 78% uranium bio-recovery were observed at 1.7 and 2.0 pH in 40 days against maximum recovery of 46% and 41% metal in control experiments respectively. Whereas, it was observed that grinding of ore to finer size actually helped dissolution of uranium. Finer size particles (<45µm) gave a maximum biorecovery of 93% in 40days at 10%(w/v) PD, 1.7 pH and 35oC. The bio-recovery of uranium fell down from 93% to 82.73% and 60% on increasing the pulp density from 10% to 20% and 30% respectively for particles of <45µm size. The higher uranium dissolution during bioleaching at 1.7pH can be correlated with increase in redox potential from 433 mV to 664mV in 40 days.

Aug 1, 2010

By P. C. Patnaik

Performance of industrial gas turbine engines in terms of power output, reduced cooling and efficiency have been continuously increasing in parallel with aero gas turbines due to the advances made in the development of new materials, protective thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and the advanced diagnostics to monitor service induced problems such as hot corrosion, thermal and thermo-mechanical fatigue and other operational issues, Environmental attack (hot corrosion or high temperature oxidation) is a common degradation mode in the hot section of the gas turbine, Hot corrosion occurs when Na or K bearing compounds in the environment or in the fuel combine with other contaminants such as S and Pb or V to form corrosive sulphates or vanadates thus attacking the protective oxide on the turbine airfoil, These problems pose far more threat to new turbine engine materials such as directional solidified, single crystals and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The CMCs due to their increased temperature capability, when used in the combustion chamber, are likely to reduce the peak temperatures attained during combustion and therefore provide the benefits of reduced emissions of oxides of C and N, These issues will be reviewed critically and their impact will be assessed on gas turbine lives. With respect to alternate fuels, past experience has shown that utilization of residual oils and coal derived fuels in gas turbines have resulted in complex deposition and corrosion processes, In recent years biomass derived alternate fuels have been used either through a gasification cycle or through direct firing of the biomass derived liquid fuel with a view to reduce Green House Gases (GHGs) and improve the climatic conditions. In both cases, the resulting high temperature corrosion processes (in the presence of alkaloids in the fuel) are also very complex, leading to premature removal of hot section components, Technology solutions mitigating these fundamental problems will be reviewed and solutions presented.

Jan 1, 2005

By J. G. Speight

Laboratory studies indicate that autogenous heating of low-rank coal can be prevented by a prior treatment which involves immersing the coal for short (5-15 min.) periods in an inert liquid at temperatures between ~ 350° and 400°C. Such "carbonization" effectively reduces the accessible pore volume of the coal to levels at which heat generation through subsequent sorption of moisture and oxygen is too slow to cause significant temperature rises in a stockpile. In addition, this treatment also irreversibly removes most of the moisture held in the raw coal and raises its calorific value by as much as 10-12%.

Jan 1, 1973