Search Documents

By W J. Riva

This paper reviews the coal mining operations of The Canmore Mines, Limited, at Canmore, Alberta, paying particular attention to the use of this coal by the metallurgical and chemical industries. The characteristics of the deposits are outlined, and the mining and processing methods used are discussed. Introduction M INING in the Cascade coal area of Alberta began form-ally in 1886 when the Canadian Anthracite Coal Company was granted its charter. Earlier operations had been confined to prospecting and family-type enterprises serving the market area within barging distance on the Bow river. From 1886 to 1964, seven mines were opened between Banff and Ribbon Creek; six of these have since been abandoned, leaving the B c 0 L. original tenant, under the name of The Canmore Mines, Limited, as the sole survivor. The town of Canmore, hub of the mining ventures, is located on the main line of the C.P.R. and on the Trans-Canada Highway, 67 rail miles west of Calgary and 57 4 miles east of Vancouver, as shown in Figure 1.

Jan 1, 1965

By Perry L. Christian

"Mana/ta Coal Ltd. 's Costello Mine, located seven kilometres east of Estevan, Saskatchewan, has been operating at the present location since 1960. During the past twenty-three years, annual production of lignite coal has averaged 590 000 tonnes. The coal is used for power generation and for industrial and domestic use. Markets, operating techniques, facilities in place and reclamation are discussed. Introduction The Costello Mine (formerly the Klimax Mine) is located in southeastern Saskatchewan, approximately 210 kilometres southeast of Regina and 5 kilometres from the United States' border, as shown in Figure 1. The present mine, 7 kilometres east of the city of Estevan, has been operating since 1960. The history, however, of the Costello Mine and of the Estevan Coalfield dates from the initial settling of the area in the 1880s. Mining initially consisted of burrowing into the side of the Souris River Valley or other hillsides where the coal seam was exposed. Eventually, slopes were put down in the Estevan/Bienfait area and vigorous underground activity existed. In the late 1920s surface strip mining was introduced. The use of strip mining progressed to the point where it completely replaced underground mining in the 1950s and it is the only method in use today. During the past 23 years annual production has averaged 590 000 tonnes. The lowest production was in 1960 when the mine was starting up at 167 000 tonnes and the highest production was in 1977 when production was 1 509 000 tonnes. The Costello Mine controls approximately 11 400 hectares of mineral rights in the Estevan area. This is made up of 4 900 hectares of freehold coal and 6 500 hectares of leases. The area forms a large, irregular shaped configuration. Most holdings are contiguous and adjacent. The mine also owns some 8 400 hectares of surface rights. The lands under the Costello Mine's surface rights control, which are not being used in the mining operation, are leased to local farmers and ranchers. This ensures that the land is used to its full potential, both before and after mining."

Jan 1, 1985

By G. A. McGuffin

"IntroductionWITH the increase in quantity of sour gas reserves in the Province of Alberta, and the wider market for sulphur brought about by mounting world demand and restrictions placed on the principal supply, it was inevitable that this important source of sulphur would be .developed. In the light of these facts, it seems timely that a general paper on sulphur recovery from petroleum gases be presented. This, then, is the purpose of the following text. A short discussion of each of the following subjects is presented:(1) Properties and uses of sulphur(2) Existing sources(3) Market research(4) The recovery process in Turner Valley(5) Hazards of sulphur productionNo pretext of originality of material is made since innumerable reports have been prepared on this and related topics and information contained in these has been used quite liberally.Properties and uses of SulphurSulphur is a non-metallic element having an atomic weight of 32.06. The stable crystalline form at atmospheric temperature is referred to as 'rhombic' sulphur. It is bright yellow and has a specific gravity of 2.05, equivalent to 129.2 lb./cu. Ft. Above 204°F. sulphur has another stable crystalline form, referred to as 'monoclinic'. This is reddish-brown and is slightly less dense than the rhombic variety (122.4 lb./cu. Ft.). Sulphur in bulk form weighs 84 to 90 lb. per cu. Ft. Sulphur melts at approximately 240°F. to a straw coloured liquid which is quite viscous."

Jan 1, 1952

By G. T. Lapidus, R. Zárate-Gutiérrez

Selective leaching of lead from a Pb-Ag-Zn concentrate with hydrogen peroxide in citrate solutions was studied at room temperature. Leaching tests were performed, varying the H2O2 concentration and the solid-liquid ratio, holding the solution pH constant at 7, and the citrate concentration at 1 M. Lead extractions of 100 % were achieved with 4 and 5 times the stoichiometric quantity needed to form elemental sulfur, with only a small amount of metal impurities dissolved (Ag, Zn and Fe). The lead solubility limit at those conditions was found to be ~21 g L-1. X-ray diffraction analyses of the leach residues were free of galena (PbS), while other metal sulfides, such as sphalerite (ZnS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and pyrite (FeS2), were basically unaffected.

Jan 1, 2014

By W. Fergusson

This paper takes a look at the use of rubber to provide corrosion resistance and wear resistance in the mining industry. The longer life and reduced down time involved with the use of rubber are stressed, and examples are given of applications in grinding mills, skips, discharge chutes and screens.

Jan 1, 1979

By George Langford

Introduction The manufacture of ductile beryllium is one of the most interesting problems confronting the metallurgist today, and one which becomes more acutely in need of resolution as the uses for beryllium increase. Beryllium belongs to the hexagonal group of metals along with zinc, magnesium, and cadmium. The melting point of the metal is about l,280°C. ± 5°C. Due to its brittleness, the metal's chief use is as an alloying agent in copper and iron. The very low absorption coefficient of beryllium for x-rays makes the metal ideal for x-ray windows, and, similarly, because of its low capture cross-section for neutrons, the metal holds a preferred position in the field of nuclear physics. Modern x-ray diffraction methods were responsible for explaining the mechanism whereby zinc metal, although brittle when cast, could be made ductile at room temperature. The diffraction patterns of zinc and magnesium indicated the importance of the parts played by recrystallization and preferred orientation in this mechanism. It was with this in mind that an Investigation into the recrystallization and preferred orientation of beryllium was undertaken. The investigation, after a series of experiments were conducted involving cold-working and annealing, yielded the recrystallization temperature curve for beryllium. Both the texture of preferred orientation and the effect of recrystallization on this texture when subjected to compressive stresses were also determined. W. A. Alexander, J. K. Swinton and L. M. Pidgeon, in their investigation on The Recrystallization Temperature of Beryllium (C.I.M., Trans., Vol. L, 1947, pp. 657-664), utilized the Brinell ball as a means of cold straining the metal. Sufficient strain was developed to estimate the recrystallization curve for the metal. However, in order to determine the lowest recrystallization curve, as well as to develop a preferred orientation structure, larger deformation than that possible with a Brinell ball was required. The plastic deformation of beryllium can be carried out at an elevated temperature above 700°C. Above 850°C., the metal is quite ductile and can be readily compressed or extruded.

Jan 1, 1948

By M. J. MONEA

Canada's only economic high-swelling bentonite deposit is mined in Wilcox, Saskatchewan, by A vonlea Mineral Industries Limited. The bentonite resulted from devitrified and altered volcanic ash released during the Laramide Orogeny. Volcanic ash was deposited in a pre-Cretaceous basin that was formed by salt solution collapse structures. Sedimentary rocks in the Wilcox area belong to the Snakebite Member of the Upper Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation. Bentonite beds are 61 cm, 46 cm and 30 cm thick; these are separated by 365 cm and 182 cm of shale respectively. Saskatchewan bentonite is used primarily in the oil well industry.

Jan 1, 1984

By T. A. Lazier, C. S. Longley

"Paymaster Consolidated Mines, Limited, owns several groups of claims in various parts of the Porcupine district. The area in which mining has been carried on includes parts of lots 5, 6, and 7, con. 1, Tisdale township, and twelve adjoining claims in Deloro township to the south. Highway No. 67A between South Porcupine and Timmins crosses the property.The discovery of the Dome mine in 1909 caused a rush of prospectors to the district and in a few weeks practically all territory adjacent to the Dome was staked. At that time work was started on the West Dome, West Dome Lake, Apex, and Standard properties. These were consolidated in 1930 to form the present Company. Gold was produced from the West Dome Lake from 1915 to 1930, and from the Standard-Paymaster from 1922 to 1928. The total production of the previous and present companies from 1915 to November 30, 1946, has been 487,170 oz. gold and 149,342 oz. silver from 2,337,554 tons of ore."

Jan 1, 1954

By A. Fahr, T. Byczkowski, M. Genest, C. Mandache

"Layered aluminum structures assembled with rivets are often found in aircraft fuselage. These structures are exposed to various mechanical loads and a range of environmental conditions that contribute to their ""aging"". The rivet holes are the source of stress concentrations and the location of crack nucleation and growth. Detection and sizing of second and third layer cracks under fasteners represent a major challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technicians. Electromagnetic methods are currently the most feasible NDE techniques that are capable of successfully inspecting such structures. However, different probe lift-offs, due to protruding rivets and paint coatings, or interlayer separations, due to sealant or air gaps, pose difficulties in detecting and sizing cracks. In addition, the use of conventional eddy current technique is limited due to the inverse relationship between the probe spatial resolution and its field penetrability. In this paper, we present an alternative approach that overcomes the previously mentioned shortcomings by using pulsed eddy current excitation and magnetoresistive sensor pick-up. Various signal manipulations are employed for defect detection and quantification."

Jan 1, 2006

By T. M. Waterland

A GREAT deal of work has been done at Britannia during the past three years in improving and standardizing rounds for development headings, and the results obtained have been very gratifying. The round which has recently been adopted as a standard for all drifts and cross-cuts has, in some instances, doubled the average length of break formerly obtained. It has also increased the footage of advance per labour shift and reduced explosives' consumption. At the present time, with a shortage of skilled labour, more control is necessar7 in directing the drilling of rounds. The use of a standard round has been o great assistance to the foremen and shiftbosses. NATURE OF GROUND Most of the ground encountered consists of a moderately silicified chlorite schist, known locally as G.M.S (green-mottled schist). It cannot be termed hard ground, because a three and one-half inch Leyner will drill at an average rate of twelve inches per minute. Due to the abrasive nature of the ground, the gauge of the steel wears rapidly and in most cases one set of steel is needed for each hole. The ground is not 'free breaking and holes must be spaced correctly to obtain a maximum break. DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD ROUND FOR THREE-SHIFT OPERATION Late in 1940, a development programme was started involving 7,000 feet of drifting, 6 ft. By 7 1/2 ft. In cross-section, in two headings. Plans were drawn up to advance the headings on three shifts. Equipment used in the headings was as follows: D.A.35 Leyner?machines, Eimco Model 12B mucking machines, nine one-ton end-dump cars, one Mancha Little Trammer on the longest heading, 20-pound rail, 4-in. 15 compressed-air line, 15-in. Fan pipe connected to 5 h. P. Coppus fan. Diamond-drill cross-cuts, 16 feet in length, were cut every 250 feet. Switches were installed at these cross-cuts and they served as passing points for the cars. One siding seventy feet in length was cut in each heading at approximately the half-way point. The cycle of operations planned was to muck out, drill, and blast each shift. Previous performance in this type of ground indicated that a daily advance of 12 feet to 14 feet might be made. However, if a better type of round could be developed, an increased daily advance would be possible. A study of the time available for each operation in a net working shift of six and one-half hours indicated that the maximum depth of round that could be mucked, drilled, and blasted each shift would be six and one-half feet. When this maximum depth was decided upon, the next problem was to develop a satisfactory round. Due to ventilation difficulties and to the short net working shift, the whole round had to be blasted at one time. In other words, no blasting of the cut-holes could be done.

Jan 1, 1942

By Hajime Miki, Gde Pandhe Wisnu Suyantara, Shigeto Kuroiwa, Eri Takida, Tsuyoshi Hirajima, Masashi Yamane, Yuji Imaizumi, Mitsuru Sawada, Keiko Sasaki

Selective flotation of molybdenite and chalcopyrite using various oxidation treatments (i.e., ozone treatment, hydrogen peroxide, and Fenton-like reagent) was studied in this work. It was found that ozone treatment produced a depressing effect on both minerals, resulting in a lower separation of both minerals. On the other hand, oxidation treatment using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Fenton-like reagent could deliver selective oxidation on chalcopyrite surface and depress its floatability. However, bench-scale copper- molybdenum (Cu-Mo) flotation tests show that oxidation treatment using H2O2 required a higher dosage of H2O2 and a longer treatment time in order to deliver comparable flotation results to that of conventional Cu- Mo flotation using NaHS treatment. On the contrary, Fenton-like reagent could deliver selective Cu-Mo flotation results comparable to that of NaHS treatment at a lower dosage of H2O2 and a shorter conditioning time. Contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were employed to understand the depressing mechanism of these oxidation treatments. It was found that the chalcopyrite surface covered by various oxidation products that render the surface hydrophilic. Meanwhile, the surface of molybdenite was slightly oxidized, making the surface remained hydrophobic. INTRODUCTION Molybdenite (MoS2), the main source of molybdenum, is associated with copper sulfide minerals, mainly chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), as a trace mineral. Molybdenite is a valuable mineral and plays an important role in making the copper-molybdenum (Cu-Mo) processing plant economically viable (Laskowski, Castro, & Ramos, 2013). Therefore, it is important to recover molybdenite efficiently and effectively and separate it from copper minerals. Conventional separation of copper and molybdenum minerals is usually carried out in selective Cu- Mo flotation process using a copper depressant (i.e., sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), Noke’s reagent, or cyanides) (Ansari & Pawlik, 2007; Bulatovic, 2007). However, this process still suffers due to imperfect molybdenum recovery. Moreover, the copper depressants use in this process are toxic and harmful to the environment. As alternative, various methods have been developed to replace these toxic and hazardous depressants, for example, by synthesizing new non-toxic or low-toxic depressants or by using various oxidation methods such as sodium hypochlorite in an alkaline medium, manganese dioxide, oxygen, and plasma pre-treatment (United States Patent Office Patent No. US 2559104 A, 1951; Patent No. US2238250 A, 1941; Barzyk, Malysa, & Pomianowski, 1981; Hirajima et al., 2014). However, the oxidation phenomenon and mechanisms are still not clear since detailed surface analyses have not done and the plasma pre-treatment method is facing technical issues for industrial scale application.

Jan 1, 2019

By S. Parkash, A. J. Szladow

Vigorous agitation of suspensions of coking coals in water (or light mineral oils) will often result in catast rophic loss of caking properties. It is shown that this deterioration is not a consequence of oxidation of the coals (by dissolved oxygen), but that it can be qualitatively connected with internal "solid-state" reactions which appear to derive their activation energies from cavitation of the liquid.

Jan 1, 1971

By J. E. Dodge

Tasu, currently an open-pit operation, services the primary crusher from two areas by ore-pass raises. The problems encountered and advantages gained are discussed. Mine equipment and operating practices are covered, together with blasting practices, line drilling and the pre-shearing necessary to stahilize the pit walls.

Jan 1, 1968

By R. Gutray, J. E. Grainger

This paper deals with the use of a cement-deslimed mill tailings mixture for a scraping floor in cut-and-fill stopes at Madsen Red Lake Gold Mines Limited. It describes the mixing and placing procedures and the precautions used with respect to the floor while mining in the stopes. Details of the mix are presented, and advantages and disadvantages discussed. The paper concludes with a brief outline of the costs.

Jan 1, 1966

By G Zahary

THE most acceptable approacl1 to analyzing rock behaviour, at the present time, is based on the application of principles of mechanics and strength of materials. Analyses have been made in which the criterion of failure is based on maximum stress (1) and on Mohr's rupture theory (2). If such analyses are to be carried out, the mechanical properties of the rock must be known within acceptable limits. Although an adequate correlation of laboratory test results with field conditions has not been established, test results have been published (3) on the basis of their comparative value. That is, test results may be useful for comparing the behaviour of different rocks under similar loading conditions or of a particular rock under different loading conditions. This study aims at establishing some of the mechanical properties of an andesite rock by testing specimens cut _from diamond drill core. Drill core (EX) was provided from run-of-mine drilling by New Dickenson Mines Ltd. and Campbell Red Lake Mines Ltd.

Jan 1, 1963

By J. M. Carr

The history, geological setting and local geology of the Magnum vein system, 100 miles west of Fort Nelson in northeastern British Columbia, are described. The system comprises a number of quartz-ankerite veins, mineralized with chalcopyrite and lesser pyrite, occurring in a steep northeastly zone of deformation and subsequent dike intrusion within otherwise little-deformed Precambrian sedimentary rocks. In April of 1970, Churchill Copper Corporation began producing copper concentrates in a 750-tpd mill fed from the Magnum mine.

Jan 1, 1971

By Jehan Rondot

Les trois intrusions alcalines de Suzorite en haute Mauricie, bien que non datees, son! sans doute d ,attacher aU)( nombreuses autres intrusions alcalines dispersees sur les blocks Grenvillia et Laurentia et datees de I 050 Ma =t= 10%, done reliees d l'orogene grenvilien. L 'utilisations de la Suzorite est liee d sa forte proportion de phlogopite (>50%). Le rapport Mg/Fey varie de 3 d 7. Sa mineralogie et sa composition particulieres (forte proportion de Mg, Ket H20) en font son attrait.

Jan 1, 1984

By Morgan Schauerte, Laura Raimondi, Mariel Palomeque

Executives in the mining industry are facing dramatically changing market expectations on reporting and transparency regarding the environmental and social impacts of projects, supply chains and products. Companies increasingly need to disclose the governance procedures they have in place to ensure communities, investors, employees, and Indigenous partners are effectively managing social and environmental risks. These disclosure requirements begin during exploration and carry through to all stages along the project life cycle. This type of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure is referred to as ESG performance by the investment community. ESG is not a new concept, and it builds on and is intertwined with many concepts such as corporate sustainability, corporate social responsibility, eco-efficiency, triple bottom line thinking, life cycle management and many others. This paper will explore how mining companies can develop a credible ESG governance approach and strategy that will reduce risk, open opportunities, and create value. This paper will summarise ESG trends and drivers, discuss the economics and investors’ perspective towards ESG, and outline leading ESG standards and guidelines of interest to investors, regulators, communities and other stakeholders. Linkage of ESG to global sustainability efforts such the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and Global Compact will also be addressed.

Jan 1, 2023

By Binbin Luo, Northeastern University, Chuanyao Sun, Jie Liu, Yimin Zhu, Yanjun Li

"A series of new type collectors a-bromo-saturated fatty acids, CH3(CH2)5CHBrCOOH (a-BHA), CH3(CH2)7CHBrCOOH (a-BDA), CH3(CH2)9CHBrCOOH (a-BLA), CH3(CH2)11CHBrCOOH (a-BMA) were synthesized from saturated fatty acids and bromine by solvent-free method (Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction) in laboratory. The micro-flotation tests of quartz mineral were conducted at a relatively low temperature of 15 °C. The adsorption mechanism of such collectors on quartz mineral surface were established by zeta potential measurements, in conjunction with the results of quartz micro-flotation tests. The flotation results showed that the collecting ability is in the order of a-BMA > a-BLA > a-BDA > a-BHA for the flotation of quartz mineral, which also demonstrating that the a-bromo-saturated fatty acids (a-BFAs) are new selective collectors for reverse flotation to remove quartz mineral from iron ores at a relatively low temperature.INTRODUCTIONThe requirement of higher pulp temperature to maintain the activity of fatty acid anionic collectors which have been widely applied in technological process of iron ores reverse flotation lead to a great deal of energy consumption.The purpose of this paper is to synthesize a new modified collector with carbon chains from eight to fourteen atoms, with strong electronegativity bromine atom introduced into a-carbon position to improve the activity and solubility of the reagent so that it can be adopted at a comparatively low pulp temperature. The collecting performances of these new collectors on quartz surface were studied, and the structure - properties were discussed in light of zeta potential measurements and quantum chemistry calculations."

Jan 1, 2016

Vast quantities of cosmic material, ranging in size from fine dust to large meteorites and planetoids, have been colliding with and accumulating on the earth since its origin 4.5 billion years ago. There are less than twenty well preserved meteorite craters and Jess than thirty fossil craters or astroblemes on the present face of the earth. On the moon, there are approximately 200,000 craters on the visible face alone -the largest crater being 132 miles in diameter and attaining a depth of 16,000 feet. Making allowances for the different physical conditions on the moon and assuming that these lunar features are of impact origin, the indifference is that, since primeval time, large numbers of celestial objects have also encountered the earth, but that both the topographic expression of the impact and the objects themselves have been destroyed by weathering and erosion. It may be reasonable to suggest that additions of cos-mic bodies have materially altered the chemistry of the earth's crust from place to place and that the impact of large meteorites and asteroids has created zones of weak-ness in the crust that could be the center of magmatic intrusion and mineralization.

Jan 1, 1965