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Discussion of the paper of E.. C. LEE, presented at the St. Louis meeting, October, 1917, and printed in Bulletin-No. 130, October, 1917, pp. 1825 to 1832. H. M. WILSON, Pittsburgh, Pa.-The statement ill the paper of T. T. Read, "Increasing Dividends Through Personnel Work;" that the offering of substantial money rewards for avoidance of accidents is much more effective than mere propaganda or education respecting accident prevention, is a, point fully substantiated in the experience of insurance inspection under workmen's compensation acts. The first year under the Workmen's Compensation Law in Pennsylvania, during which over 2000 mines were tinder the observation and protection of the inspectors of the insurance companies, has resulted in several inspections of each mine, a splendid cooperation .between the operators, the State mine inspectors and the insurance inspectors, and an average reduction in premium rate for insurance from $3.83 to $2.77, a reduction of more than $1 per $100 of payroll, on an average payroll of nearly $100,000,000, In other words, the insurance companies have

Jan 1, 1918

Aalde, Kaare, (S'40) Box 827, Socorro, N. M. Aase, Glenn D., (S'40) Engr. Experiment Sta., Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. Abadesco, Enrique A., (S'39) Student. College of Engrg., Univ- of the Philippines, Manila, P. 1. Abbott, John L., (S'40) Met. Engr., Engr. Trainee. Wright Aeronantical Corp., Paterson, N. .J. Abbott, Robert H., (S'42). Agricultural & Mech. College of Texas, College Sta., Tex. Abreu, Ovidio M., (S'38) Dept. of Geol., Compauia Cousulidada de Petroleo, Caracas, Venezuela. Acomb, Allen, (S'41) 3921 Chestnut St., New Or¬ leans, La. Adam, Howard W., (S'41) Montana School of Mines, Butte, Mont. Adams, Charles E., (S'42) Uuiv. of California, Los Angeles, Calif. Adams, Charles W., (S'39) Student, Michigan Col¬ lege of Min. & Tech., Houghton, Mich. Adams, H. Travis, (S'39) 310 South 5th St., Bur¬ bank, Calif. Adams, John W., (S'42) Univ. of Texas, Austin, Tex. Adams, Rob L., (S'40) Lt., B. 0. C. No. 12, Fort Sill, Okla. Adamson, Charles R., (S'41) Uuiv. of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Jan 1, 1942

The greatest mining center in the state of Utah is the incorporated town of Bingham about twenty-five miles southwest of Salt Lake City. The principal industry of this vicinity, prior to the early fall of 1863, was lumbering and the first saw-mill in the state was built near the mouth of Bingham Canyon. Early in the fall of that year. George B. Ogilvie discovered gold and shortly afterward the first mining district in the state was organized. Some writers place the discovery of gold in the canyon in the late fifties. If this be so, however, the matter was kept extremely quiet because no mining was engaged in until after Ogilvie's discovery. Bingham was a placer mining camp, producing about one million dollars' worth of dust and nuggets from placers up and down the canyon and in Bear Gulch until early in the seventies, or about ten years after the discovery of gold, when a large body of argentiferous lead ore was discovered and soon after heavy shipments were made from a half dozen or more properties.

Jan 1, 1925

By Robert F. Calman

OUTLINE FIVE EXAMPLES OF GOLD-LINKED FINANCINGS 1. Financing the Lupin Mine • Sale of Cdn $40.0 million of 12% preferred shares and Cdn $40.0 million of Gold Purchase Warrants @ $595 per ounce. 2. Financing the Copper Range acquisition • Borrowing 100,000 ounces from a Canadian chartered bank @ US$307 for five years. 3. Financing the Round Mountain expansion • Borrowing up to US $80.0 million in dollars, convertible into gold, repayable over five years from a group of North American banks. 4. Financing the Tenneco Precious Metals Division acquisition •Sale of SFr 110.0 million of ten year 3-718% bonds with warrants to buy 132,000 ounces of gold at US $560. 5. On Forward Sales, Puts and Calls • Gold, Silver, Canadian Dollars, Swiss Francs THE FINANCIAL RULES AT ECHO BAY 1. Never bet the company 2. Equity is the primary form of capital for a gold mining company 3. On debt 4. The Yardsticks for Corporate Decisions 5. Financial Community Relationships 6. Dividend Policy No Text Available Tables Follow

Jan 1, 1990

By Edward Nichols

As far as known to the writer, no discovery has heretofore been made in the United States of deposits of beauxite, or the hydrated oxide of alumina. The deposit which forms the subject of this note was discovered in Floyd County, Georgia. Numerous "float" specimens, covering an area of about half an acre, indicate the location of the main deposit, which has thus far been opened to an inconsiderable extent only. The excavations show the beauxite to exist apparently as large masses in clay. The formation is Lower Silurian, as determined by the Geological Survey of Georgia. The surface in the immediate vicinity is covered with numerous angular fragments of chert, which is a characteristic rock throughout this formation in Georgia. An examination of the mineral shows it to have the oolitic structure common to several beauxites. It. varies in color from a light salmon to dark red, depending upon its contents of iron oxide. The light-colored specimens are comparatively soft, while the dark mineral is much harder, spots in the latter being

Jan 1, 1888

By E. H. Jr. Crabtree

THE productive area of asphalt-bearing sandstone in Missouri is near the Missouri-Kansas state line near Nevada, the county seat of Vernon County about 100 miles south of Kansas City. While produc-tion thus far has been confined to Vernon and Barton counties, there are known deposits in adjacent counties. The area is served by four rail-roads: the Missouri Pacific, the Kansas City Southern, the Missouri-Kansas & Texas, and the St. Louis & San Francisco. The plant of the Reliance Rock Asphalt Corporation is in Vernon County, about 5 miles west of Nevada, at Ellis, a flag station on the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad. A siding has been built to the plant so that the finished product can be loaded directly into railroad cars. The property consists of a lease of 240 acres in one block. All portions of the property not required for quarrying or processing the asphalt-bearing sandstone are used for farming by the fee owner. The entire tract is very flat so that there are no transportation difficulties from quarry to plant.

Jan 1, 1935

By H. De. Cizancourt

There is no new outstanding fact to be noted concerning the development of petroleum production and research in France and her possessions during 1935. France.—Pechelbronn remains the only important producing field in France. The total output has reached 538,921 bbl., showing a small decrease on last year's figures. Out of this, 302,737 bbl. was extracted by drilling and 236,184 bbl. (44 per cent) was obtained by means of shafts and galleries. Exploration of deeper formations was still in progress, and resulted in the discovery of a new Middle Triassic (Muschel-Kalk) producing horizon. In the vicinity of Hirtzbach (South Alsace) shallow exploration tests (500 ft.) were drilled by the Société de Pechelbronn, oil indications being found in the Tertiary. Two more important wells are now drilling in deeper horizons. The Chantenay well (Niévre) was finished in August, 1935, at a depth of 3544 ft.1 A test is under progress in Savoie. South of Gabian, at Pezenas, the erection of a rig is nearly completed.

Jan 1, 1936

S. F. EMMONS RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP. The movement was started by a number of the friends and admirers of the late S. F. Emmons, Economic Geologist of the United States Geological Survey, to perpetuate his name through a fellowship to be known as the " S. F. Emmons Research Fellowship," and they have succeeded in raising some $13,000 for the purpose of carrying on research work in economic geology. The Committee in charge of this Memorial Fund has succeeded in obtaining the co-operation of Professors Kemp, of Columbia, Irving, of Yale, and Lindgren, of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the administration of this fellowship. These three gentlemen are respectively geologists of the institutions mentioned and are exceptionally qualified to determine in what direction the fund can be best administered. It is hoped that additional contributions will be forthcoming from many who have heard of this movement. Subscriptions are invited and may be sent to any one of these gentlemen, or to Benjamin B. Lawrence, Treasurer, No. 60 Wall Street, New York City.

Jan 11, 1913

There is no new outstanding fact to be noted concerning the development of petroleum production and research in France and her possessions during 1935. France.—Pechelbronn remains the only important producing field in France. The total output has reached 538,921 bbl., showing a small decrease on last year's figures. Out of this, 302,737 bbl. was extracted by drilling and 236,184 bbl. (44 per cent) was obtained by means of shafts and galleries. Exploration of deeper formations was still in progress, and resulted in the discovery of a new Middle Triassic (Muschel-Kalk) producing horizon. In the vicinity of Hirtzbach (South Alsace) shallow exploration tests (500 ft.) were drilled by the Société de Pechelbronn, oil indications being found in the Tertiary. Two more important wells are now drilling in deeper horizons. The Chantenay well (Niévre) was finished in August, 1935, at a depth of 3544 ft.1 A test is under progress in Savoie. South of Gabian, at Pezenas, the erection of a rig is nearly completed.

Jan 1, 1936

By Linn Bradley

R. J. WYSOR, So. Bethlehem, Pa. (communication to the Secretary*). At our plant (Bethlehem Steel Co.), we have had several Bradshaw burners under course of construction and erection for some time, but up to the present we have not had opportunity to put them in service. I regret that I can not take part in the discussion with some actual results from these, burners. Mr. Huessener properly emphasizes the importance of obtaining the highest combustion temperature practicable in boiler practice, which demands a near approach to perfect combustion conditions. The ideal burner is the one which, while meeting the various mechanical, requirements, fulfills the above condition under a wide range of gas pressure. The question as to the relative value of hot raw gas and cold washed gas for boiler use is a very interesting one. I think that in the past the importance of low temperature of washed gas sometimes has been over-emphasized. Mr. Huessener has pointed out that so far as temperature is concerned, no advantage accrues in washing gas below 100° F. In

Jan 3, 1917

Looking forward to growing demand for the output of the coal mines over the next decade, producers face serious problems in meeting the market. Among the difficulties are the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, wildcat strikes, growing shortage of skilled and supervisory labor, pollution control and rising costs. The two-day program, planned by R. L. Frantz, covered all of these subjects and presented a few remarks on such wholesomely noncontroversial matters as ground support. A prediction of coal for electricity generation in 1980 was made by Philips amounting to 550 million tons, an amount equal to total output now, With respect to competition in this market, he said: "For the foreseeable future there is enough energy demand for all participating fuels." Banana oil conies not from bananas but from coal and science may just convert coal to meat loaf or some other surprising application may come out of research for product markets. Philips sees no revolution in mining methods although longwall mining will be expanded.

Jan 1, 1970

By Frank Firmstone

IT is often desirable to obtain one or more accurate horizontal sections of a blast furnace after blowing out. Wishing to do this, last April, in the case of No. 4 furnace at Glendon, which had worn in a very remarkable manner, the method described below was employed, with very good results. A scaffold was fixed in the furnace, and on it was placed a drawing- board, covered with paper, the top of which was made level at exactly the height at which the section was to he taken. (Fig. 8.) The centre of the furnace (which had previously been found, and marked on a plank across the top) was laid off on it by dropping a plumb-bob from above, and a strong needle was driven into the board in the centre. By means of a straight-edge and two plumb- bobs, the line passing through the centres of the front and back arches was also drawn on the board. A pencil was fastened to a light wooden straight-edge at a known

Jan 1, 1875

By Frank Firmstone

It is often desirable to obtain one or more accurate horizontal sections of a blast furnace after blowing out. Wishing to do this, last April, in the case of No. 4 furnace at Glendon, which had worn in a very remarkable manner, the method described below was employed, with very good results. A scaffold was fixed in the furnace, and on it was placed a drawingboard, covered with paper, the top of which was made level at exactly the height at which the section was to he taken. (Fig. 8.) The centre of the furnace (which had previously been found, and marked on a plank across the top) was laid off on it by dropping a plumb-bob from above, and a strong needle was driven into the board in the centre. By means of a straight-edge and two plumbbobs, the line passing through the centres of the front and back arches was also drawn on the board. A pencil was fastened to a light wooden straight-edge at a known

Discussion of the paper of Leonard Waldo, presented at the New York meeting, February, 1911, and printed in Bulletin No. 76, April, 1913, pp. 555 to 559. HERBERT HAAS, San Francisco, Cal. (communication to the Secretary*):-Referring to Leonard Waldo's paper on Temperature Conversion Tables, I believe the following formulas can be easily remembered, and by reference to the thermomter scales of Fahrenheit (F.), Celsius (C.), and Réaumur (R.), their derivation and relation are at once understood n° F. = 4/9 (n°-32) R. = (n°-32) C. n° C.=(9/5 n° + 32) F. = 4/5 n° R. n° R.=(9/4 n° + 32) F. = 5/4 n° C. As the freezing point of water is at 32° F., corresponding to 0° C. and 0° R., 32 must be deducted from the Fahrenheit degrees when these are converted into C. or R. degrees. Likewise, to C. or R. degrees converted into F. degrees 32 must be added. The fractions 4/9 and 5/9 and their reciprocals are obtained thus:

Jan 5, 1913

By E. M. Cox, A. S. Skapski, N. H. Nachtrieb, M. C. Bachelder

D. T. ROGERS*—The conclusions drawn in this paper have important practical significance to the steelmaker and the metallurgist if, in practice, it is demonstrated that metallic copper in the charge will pick up sulphur from the furnace atmosphere and thus increase the sulphur content of the bath. The problem of residual copper arising out of increasing copper in the scrap available to the industry is, in itself, a matter of concern to the steel maker. If, in addition to the often detrimental effects of high residual copper upon the physical properties of some important steel grades, there is to be a complication of the sulphur problem, then we have a set of conditions that bodes no good for the open hearth melter and the open hearth metallurgist. M. B. BEVER*— Investigations of gas-metal equilibria continue to be of interest, especially as new possibilities for improving experimental techniques emerge. Higher purity of reacting substances, better refractories, improved methods of temperature control and an increased awareness of the pitfalls of high-temperature equilibrium work are

Jan 1, 1950

SINCE dad first took us to the ocean we have always seen a plump elderly gentleman who, with supine composure, floats over the crests spouting whale-like to the wonderment of small boys. Floating requires certain physical and mental characteristics that it takes many years to acquire. These are, in order of importance, confidence, beef, and complete relaxation. Possibly a rough parallel can be drawn between the mining industry and the dignified paunchy gentleman riding the billows. Mellowing in a downtown club he reminisces over his rough-and-tumble youth; when frontiers were being pushed to continental limits and the great mines were discovered on a first come first serve basis. Those were the days of the empire builders. They created the methods, made their own laws, and gambled their very lives on the outcome. For these efforts and sacrifices they shared in the great wealth which was made. There were no comparisons between the small and big operators because they all started small and those with the most financial know-how slowly merged into the big companies of the present.

Jan 12, 1951

Both drilling and production of oil decreased in Rumania during 1935. The drilling totaled 1,042,041 ft. and production 61,973,938 bhl., being a decrease of 8.5 and 1.6 per cent, respectively. Wells completed during the year totaled 198, of which 168 were oil wells, compared with 238 and 215, respectively, of 1934. No important discovery was made during the year. The only new field found was Valea Calugareasca, where the Credit Minier completed a small well on the westward plunge of the anticline. Drilling higher on the structure will probably prove the field to be of greater importance than the results of the discovery well indicate. The only other developments of importance were the extension of the Bucsani field, the opening up of a new area on the northeast of the salt at Moreni by Credit Minier and a minor extension of the West Gura Ocnitei field. At Calinesti, on the cast extension of the Moreni field, exploration work continued and a gas well was completed, but oil in commercial quantities is yet to be found.

Jan 1, 1936

By Robert R. French

Beneficiation of low-grade nonmetalliferous mineral deposits by electronic color sorting is currently undergoing a period of rapid development. For those deposits in which the specific gravity, strength, soundness, and electric and magnetic properties of the ore and gangue are similar, the possibility of separation by color, reflectivity, or fluorescence offers hope for the utilization of much poorer quality ore than previously thought possible. For those ores in which consistency of color is required or for which a dry process is preferred, the electronic color sorter is particularly adaptable. Tests performed late in 1966 and reported herein are the result of the continued interest in the dry beneficiation of gypsum and the development of higher capacity color sorting machines. The ore used was a discarded fraction that consisted of – 1 ¼ -in, to + 3/8 -in. ore containing 63.1 to 71.4% (average 67.7%) gypsum. This material was contaminated by various amounts of both carbonate rock and shale, but no pretreatment was performed other than screening to closer size limits before electronic color sorting.

Jan 4, 1969

Both drilling and production of oil decreased in Rumania during 1935. The drilling totaled 1,042,041 ft. and production 61,973,938 bhl., being a decrease of 8.5 and 1.6 per cent, respectively. Wells completed during the year totaled 198, of which 168 were oil wells, compared with 238 and 215, respectively, of 1934. No important discovery was made during the year. The only new field found was Valea Calugareasca, where the Credit Minier completed a small well on the westward plunge of the anticline. Drilling higher on the structure will probably prove the field to be of greater importance than the results of the discovery well indicate. The only other developments of importance were the extension of the Bucsani field, the opening up of a new area on the northeast of the salt at Moreni by Credit Minier and a minor extension of the West Gura Ocnitei field. At Calinesti, on the cast extension of the Moreni field, exploration work continued and a gas well was completed, but oil in commercial quantities is yet to be found.

Jan 1, 1936

By J. Blodget Britton

To the question, " Do the Pennsylvania anthracites contain phosphorus?" asked at the last meeting of the Institute during the discussion on the metallurgical value of Western lignites, I can now give a definite answer. Through the kindness of a gentleman connected with the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and another connected with one of the principal ironworks on the Lehigh, there was sent to the Ironmasters' Laboratory a number of samples of the coals now largely shipped from the Schuylkill and Lehigh regions. Seventeen of these I examined for their contents of ash and phosphorus, and obtained results as follows : Ash. Phosphorus. No. 1, . 4.10 .0063 2, . . . . 7.97 .0209 113, . 5.53 .0049 114, . . . . . . . 6.55 .0056 . 5, . 5.39 .0761 . . . . . . . 11 6, 14.15 .0593 7, . 10 43 ,0049 rl 8, . . . . . . . 5.29 .0354 9, . . . . . . . 3.01 .0042 6L10, . . . . . . 3.03 .0042 1 1 . 275 .0014 12, . 2.82 ,0111 l'13, . .3.69 trace L1 14, . . .2.35 trace 15, . . . . . . . 7.22 .0014 16, . . . . . . . 3.49 .0167 17, . 4.63 trace